專升本語法專題4形容詞和副詞.ppt

專升本語法專題四,形容詞和副詞,形容詞的基本用法,一、形容詞：就是用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞。形容詞主要作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語。 如：1) This is a new pen. 這是支新鋼筆。（形容詞new作名詞pen定語） 2) These oranges taste _. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 【分析】答案選A。系動(dòng)詞taste（嘗起來）后要接形容詞作表語。,形容詞的基本用法,3) John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening 【分析】答案選A。形容詞open（開著的）作賓補(bǔ)，表示狀態(tài)。注意：不要選答案D，因?yàn)閛pen是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能表狀態(tài)。,副詞的基本用法,二、副詞：就是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞在句中主要作狀語。 如：1) Its raining heavily. 雨下得很大。（副詞heavily修飾謂語動(dòng)詞rain） 2) Its a rather interesting job. 這是一份相當(dāng)有趣的工作。（副詞rather修飾形容詞interesting） 3) She speaks English very well. 她的英語說得很好。（副詞very修飾副詞） 4) This is just what he said. 這正是他所說的。（副詞just修飾what he said）,副詞的基本用法,注：here、there、in、out、away、abroad等少數(shù)副詞也可以作表語；here、there、home、abroad、below等表示地點(diǎn)或方位的詞及today、tomorrow、yesterday、back、out等表示時(shí)間或動(dòng)詞方向詞還可以作定語。 如：1) Tom isnt here. 湯姆不在這里。（here作表語） 2) The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人對(duì)我們很友好。（副詞there作定語，修飾people）,表語形容詞,三、表語形容詞：有的形容詞一般只作表語，如表示健康狀況的well、unwell、ill、faint；表示情感反應(yīng)的glad、sorry、fond、worth、able；以a開頭的afraid、alone、asleep、alive、awake、alike、ashamed等。但有的可作后置定語或補(bǔ)語。,定語形容詞,四、定語形容詞：通常只作定語的形容詞，如起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用的only（唯一的）、single（唯一的）、certain（某一）、certain（真正的）、true（真正的）、very（正是）、live（活的）、exact（準(zhǔn)確的）、present（在場(chǎng)的）；由名詞等轉(zhuǎn)化而來的wooden（木制的）、woolen（羊毛制的）、drunken（醉的）、medical、daily、weekly、electric、former（前任的）、some、any、little、many；及one-eyed之類的復(fù)合形容詞等。 如：This is a medical school.,形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律,五、形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律。形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但是在下列情況下作定語的形容詞卻要位于所修飾的名詞之后： （一）形容詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置 如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave,形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律,【分析】答案選C。enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要位于形容詞之后，排除B和修飾形容詞時(shí)要位于形容詞之后，排除D。brave enough to 是形容詞短語作定語，修飾students，要置于名詞students之后。,形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律,（二）表語形容詞作定語要后置。 如：All the people _ at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 【分析】答案選A。表語形容詞present（出席的、在場(chǎng)的）作定語，要放在所修飾的名詞后。C. 形容詞修飾不定代詞something、anything、nothing等時(shí)，要位于后面。如：Is there anything important in the paper? 報(bào)紙上有什么重要新聞嗎？,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,六、多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序。多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其排序規(guī)律是：（限定詞+程度副詞+）描繪性形容詞+表示大?。ㄩL(zhǎng)短、高低）、形狀、年齡（新舊）的形容詞+表顏色的形容詞+表國(guó)籍或產(chǎn)地的形容詞+表物質(zhì)材料的形容詞+表類別或用途的形容詞+名詞。,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,如：1) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 【分析】答案選B。按“大小+顏色+產(chǎn)地”的順序排列。,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,2) _ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 【分析】答案選A。數(shù)詞是限定詞，應(yīng)排在形容詞前，排除C和D；又因strong是描繪性形容詞，young表示年齡，Chinese表示國(guó)籍，其先后應(yīng)為“描繪年齡國(guó)籍”。,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,3) The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 【分析】答案選A。little是限定詞，應(yīng)放在形容詞前面，排除C和D；表示顏色的應(yīng)放在表示物質(zhì)材料的形容詞的前面，排除B。按“大小+顏色+材料”的順序排列。,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,注：限定詞的排序：前位限定詞（指量限定詞all、both、half等；倍數(shù)詞double、twice等；分?jǐn)?shù)詞one-third、two-fifths等）+中位限定詞（冠詞；指示代詞；形容詞性物主代詞；名詞所有格）+后位限定詞（序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast、next等；基數(shù)詞及few、several等）。,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,如：1) The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 【分析】答案選A。all和half都是前位限定詞，his是中位限定詞，所以his要位于all和half之后，只有A正確。,多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序,2) How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 【分析】答案選B。last、few是限定詞，sunny是描繪性形容詞，根據(jù)“限定詞+形容詞”的原則，排除C和D。又根據(jù)“序數(shù)詞（包括last、past、next、another等）+基數(shù)詞（包括few、several等）”的原則，排除A。,副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,七、副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律。 （一）副詞修飾形容詞或其它副詞時(shí)，一般位于被修飾詞的前面，但enough卻要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞的后面。 如：1) Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 【分析】答案選C。指“身體好”用形容詞well (=healthy)而不用good；副詞enough修飾形容詞時(shí)，要位于形容詞之后。,副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,2) If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 【分析】答案選A。enough要放在形容詞long之后。,副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,3) _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 【分析】答案選A。修飾整個(gè)句子，要用副詞，排除C和D；副詞enough應(yīng)放在它所修飾的副詞strangely的后面，所以選A。,副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,（二）頻度副詞always、usually、often、never等一般放be動(dòng)詞之后。 如：1) She always gets up early. 她總是起得早。（副詞always放在行為動(dòng)詞gets之前） 2) She is seldom late for school. 他很少上學(xué)遲到。（副詞seldom放在be動(dòng)詞之后）,副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,（三）表示地點(diǎn)的副詞常放在句末；表示確定時(shí)間的副詞放在句首或句末；表示方式的副詞通常放在“動(dòng)詞（+賓語）”之后，也可放在其它位置；同時(shí)有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方式的副詞時(shí)，其順序一般為：方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間。,副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,如：_ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner 【分析】答案選C。方式副詞一般位于“動(dòng)詞（+賓語）”之后。,ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別,八、-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別。-ed形容詞通常說明人，意為“（某人）感到”；-ing形容詞通常說明事物，意為“（某事物）令人”或“令人的（事物）”。 這樣成對(duì)的形容詞有：interested / interesting；excited / exciting；frightened / frightening；surprised / surprising；pleased / pleasing；moved / moving；disappointed / disappointing等。,ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別,1) Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry 【分析】答案選A。表示人“感到憂慮的”用-ed形容詞。句意是：法律規(guī)定，行為觸犯法律的兒童要由其父母接受法律的懲罰，這使得做父母的感到憂慮。,ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別,2) It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. in