英漢語言對比研究.ppt

Contrastive Studies of Chinese & English Language,As you know, our native language Chinese is quite different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target language. Since all the theories, methods, techniques concerning English-Chinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important, so to say, to master the languages peculiarities.,Language Families ( 語系),English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family (印歐語系). Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family (漢藏語系). It is well know that English has the richest vocabulary of any European language. On the basis of Angles language (Anglo-Saxon), English, a hybrid, was built by absorbing words in various languages.,Latin: pen, pencil, cup, butter, silk French: pork, feast, sir, noble Italian: piano, solo, studio, opera, umbrella Spanish: cargo, cigarette, cigar Greek: paper, alphabet, dialogue, comedy Chinese: tea, chow mein, kowtow, toufu,Lexical Comparison of Chinese and English (詞匯對比),The major ways of word-building in English are composition(合成), conversion(詞性轉化), and derivation (affixation衍生). And in Chinese we have the same major ways.,English: Composition: motherland, blackboard, handwriting, silkworm, easy-going, home-made, do-it-yourself Conversion: paper the window, empty the basket, elbow ones way, ups and downs Derivation: able unable, take mistake hope hopeless hopelessness,Chinese: Composition: 并列式：語言，改革，樹立，遙遠，左右，出入，好歹 偏正式：學分，本科，紅糖，笑聲，新衣 主謂式（主從式）：耳聞，目睹，臉紅，膽小，月明 動賓式：思甜，攻關，滅火，開車，踢球 補充式：提前，救活，改善，說明，調好 重疊式：平平安安，高高興興，懶洋洋，亮晶晶，方方面面,Conversion: 一棵大樹， 十年樹人 出售油漆， 油漆門窗 雞鴨魚肉， 魚肉百姓 安全第一， 不太安全 今天真熱， 把飯熱一下 Derivation: 前綴 （Pref