2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語Module2TheRenaissanceSectionⅢGrammar_復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞教案.docx

Section Grammar-復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞語法初識(shí)原句感知自主探究It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.Our work is serving the people.People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.The building being built is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 15031506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.(1)句中黑體部分在句中均作主語。句中黑體部分在句中均作表語。句中黑體部分在句中作賓語。(2)根據(jù)句可知，動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語時(shí)，可以用it作形式主語。(3)根據(jù)句可知，黑體部分為動(dòng)詞ing形式的被動(dòng)式，在句中分別作定語和賓語。(4)句中黑體部分為過去分詞在句中作狀語。語法剖析時(shí)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式不定式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing動(dòng)詞ing形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done動(dòng)詞ed形式一般式done集中演練1單句語法填空To_increase (increase) levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Do you mind being_interrupted (interrupt) while studying?Warned (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.Not_having_seen (not see) her for a long time, I missed her very much.His first book to_be_published (publish) next month is based on a true story.The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.1不定式和動(dòng)詞ing 形式作主語、賓語以及表語時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)不定式作主語、賓語以及表語時(shí)通常表示具體的、特指一次性或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(2)動(dòng)詞ing 形式作主語、賓語以及表語時(shí)通常表示抽象的、泛指經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或一般情況。Swimming is a very good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。(動(dòng)詞ing 形式 swimming 在句中作主語，表示泛指一般情況)They managed to escape from the burning building.他們?cè)O(shè)法逃離了那座著火的大樓。(不定式短語 to escape from the burning building 在句中作賓語，表示一次性的動(dòng)作)巧學(xué)助記(1)通常只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)：提出要求拒絕難：offer, ask/demand, refuse同意答應(yīng)會(huì)幫忙：agree, promise, help設(shè)法做成決心堅(jiān)：manage, decide/determine/choose計(jì)劃安排有希望：plan, arrange, desire, would like/love, expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假裝：fail, pretend(2)通常只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)：允許考慮四建議：allow/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend忙于堅(jiān)持多練習(xí)：be busy, insist on, practise承認(rèn)喜歡多盼望：admit, enjoy, look forward to否認(rèn)拖延可原諒：deny, delay/postpone/put off, excuse避免錯(cuò)過莫放棄：avoid, miss, give up完成冒險(xiǎn)沒逃避：finish, risk, escape想象之后才感激：imagine, appreciate名師點(diǎn)津(1)有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語時(shí)，意義完全不同：forgetrememberregretstoptrymeango oncant helpIll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了看著我女兒第一次當(dāng)眾跳舞的情景。(forget doing sth. 表示“忘記已做過某事”，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作)Dont forget to carry your camera with you.別忘了帶上你的照相機(jī)。(forget to do sth. 表示“忘記去做某事”，不定式表示將要去做的事情)They meant to help her carry the box, but she declined.他們想幫她搬那個(gè)箱子，但她婉言謝絕了。(mean to do sth. 表示“意欲/打算做某事”)Perseverance does not mean doing the same thing forever.堅(jiān)持不懈并不意味著永遠(yuǎn)做同一件事情。(mean doing sth. 表示“意味著做某事”)(2)動(dòng)詞 want, need, require 作“需要”講時(shí)，其后通常接動(dòng)詞ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week.這種植物需要一星期澆兩次水。(句中 need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)2現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語和定語時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(如interesting, exciting, moving, puzzling, surprising)作表語通常用于表示事物的性質(zhì)特征；過去分詞(如interested, excited, moved, puzzled, surprised)作表語，通常用于表示人或人的心理狀態(tài)。She was puzzled at what to do with it.她不知道怎么處理這件事。The situation was more puzzling than ever.局勢(shì)比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)這類過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞還可以作定語修飾名詞。一般而言，現(xiàn)在分詞修飾表示事物的名詞；而過去分詞修飾人或表示人的心理狀態(tài)的名詞。Hearing the exciting news, he burst into tears.聽到這令人激動(dòng)的消息，他突然大哭起來。Seeing his excited look, I know he has won the match.看到他興奮的表情，我知道他贏得了比賽。3非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法區(qū)別不定式通常不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所修飾的詞與之在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系動(dòng)詞ing 形式現(xiàn)在分詞作定語通常有主動(dòng)進(jìn)行含義或表示一種狀態(tài)；動(dòng)名詞作定語通常表示用途動(dòng)詞ed 形式動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語通常有被動(dòng)(或)完成含義The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my close friend.墻上掛的這幅圖畫是我的一位密友畫的。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hanging on the wall 作定語，表示一種狀態(tài))The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.第一批把英語作為外語教學(xué)而編寫的教科書是在16世紀(jì)出版的。(過去分詞短語 written for teaching English as a foreign language 作定語表示被動(dòng)完成含義)Have you got anything to say at the meeting?你在會(huì)上有什么要說的嗎？(不定式 to say 作定語，與所修飾的詞anything 之間在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)4非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的用法區(qū)別常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage .主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make .現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel .主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行過去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Johns mother doesnt allow him to tease the cat.約翰的母親不允許他戲弄這只貓。(不定式短語 to tease the cat 在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語)I saw them enter a coffee bar.我看見他們進(jìn)了一家咖啡館。(省略 to 的不定式短語 enter a coffee bar 在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語)I caught George smoking in the toilet.我撞見喬治在廁所抽煙。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語 smoking in the toilet 在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語)David had his car maintained yesterday.昨天戴維讓人把車做了保養(yǎng)。(過去分詞maintained 在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語)名師點(diǎn)津如果 have, make, see, hear, notice 等詞的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語為省略 to 的不定式，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)省略的 to 需要還原。He was seen to date Mary yesterday.昨天他被看見和瑪麗約會(huì)了。(不定式 to date Mary 在句中作主語補(bǔ)足語)5非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)的用法區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)詞不定式通常作目的、原因、結(jié)果等狀語。To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.為了提高他們的服務(wù)水平，這個(gè)旅店的員工們正努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。(不定式to improve their service在句中作目的狀語)She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她氣得連話都說不出來。(不定式短語as to be unable to speak在句中作結(jié)果狀語，通常位于句末)Jack hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙趕到售票處，結(jié)果被告知所有的票都被賣完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之外的結(jié)果)I am glad to hear the news.聽到這個(gè)消息我很高興。(不定式短語to hear the news在句中作原因狀語，通常位于句末)(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)和動(dòng)詞ed形式(過去分詞)在句中通常作原因、時(shí)間、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等狀語。主語與動(dòng)詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)之間在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，主語與動(dòng)詞ed形式(過去分詞)之間在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Getting up late, he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他沒有趕上早班火車。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語getting up late在句中作原因狀語)Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin.由于遇上了大雨，他渾身都濕透了。(過去分詞短語caught in a heavy rain在句中作原因狀語)Tom lay on the grass, staring into the sky.湯姆躺在草地上，凝望著天空。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語staring into the sky在句中作伴隨狀語)Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群學(xué)生的簇?fù)硐?，那位老教師走進(jìn)了教室。(過去分詞短語surrounded by a group of pupils在句中作方式狀語)Given another chance, he will do it better. 如果再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。(過去分詞短語given another chance在句中作條件狀語)The fire lasted a week, leaving nothing valuable.大火持續(xù)了一周，沒有留下什么有價(jià)值的東西。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語leaving nothing valuable在句中作結(jié)果狀語)Although living miles away, he attended the course.雖然住在幾英里之外，他仍去上課。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語living miles away在句中作讓步狀語)集中演練2(1)單句語法填空I dont allow smoking (smoke) in my drawing room.With two children attending (attend) the middle school now, the man is working hard.Having_found (find) her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.The purpose of new technologies is to_make (make) our life easier, not to make it more difficult.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role to_play (play) in making the earth a better place to live in.Helena was excited, just as I had imagined, to_find (find) her lost pet.The quarrel_leading (lead) to the fight started from their disbelief in each other.Having_been_shown (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building, where many scientists worked.Praised (praise) too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort.My brother sent me an email with one of his photos on Mount Tai attached (attach) to it.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Besides, have enough sleep can make us full of energy and make it possible for us to perform well in the exam. havehavingEvery high school student wants to get into famous universities and they spend most of their time review lessons. reviewreviewingAll of us are looking forward to live in a harmonious society. livelivingNow let me to tell you what I am interested in. 去掉toWhen asking about famous writers in China, I will list many names. askingaskedFirst, congratulations. Im glad you got accept. acceptacceptedAs far as Im concerning, I should set a good example to reduce waste. concerningconcernedLearning this news, I am really willing to travel with you and introducing Xian to you. introducingintroduceAnd I often hear birds sung. sungsingingThere are ancient descriptions of crossbows hiding at the tombs entrance.hidinghidden鏈接高考單句語法填空1(2017全國卷語法填空)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。require sb.to do sth.為固定用法，意為“要求某人做某事”，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)為be required to do sth.，故填to process。2(2017全國卷語法填空)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語為This，謂語動(dòng)詞included后由and連接三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語，故填laying。3(2017北京高考單選改編)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend) with his students.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，但他仍記得和學(xué)生一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，time和spend之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此處表示一個(gè)已完成的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語，故填spent。4(2017天津高考單選改編)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這家醫(yī)院最近得到了一批新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這使更多的病人能夠得到治療。動(dòng)詞allow與其邏輯主語(前面的整個(gè)句子)之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，故填allowing。5(2017江蘇高考單選改編)Many Chinese brands, having_developed (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：許多中國品牌已經(jīng)享譽(yù)數(shù)百年，正面臨著來自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新的挑戰(zhàn)。本句的主語Many Chinese brands與develop之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語over centuries可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)，故填having developed。6(2016全國卷語法填空)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to_create (create) special designs.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：熟練的工人也把各種各樣的硬木和金屬結(jié)合起來以創(chuàng)造出特別的樣式。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to create。7(2016北京高考單選改編)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞句意：(因?yàn)?那些書是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)有可能送到。books和order之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。針對(duì)演練.單句語法填空1Its a great pleasure to_spend (spend) my holiday in the countryside.2Susan suggested asking (ask) her brother for help, but few of us agreed with her.3Jenny heard them_arguing (argue) outside, so she became very angry.4The government is going to set up a new organization called (call) the Red Cross to help people who need help.5The monkeys_sent (send) to zoos in Beijing and other cities are very clever and lovely so the visitors like them very much.6The president of the company promised_to_solve (solve) the tricky problem as soon as possible. 7._Having_lived (live) in Taiwan for nearly twenty years, he finally decided to return to his hometown.8Robert rushed off with great excitement, even_forgetting (forget) to take his cellphone.9The patient asked to_be_operated (operate) on at once.10I have a lot of work to_do (do) this afternoon. Please dont disturb me unless you have something important.完成句子1我的愛好是聽音樂和踢足球。My hobbies are_listening_to_music_and_playing_football.2我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。I heard_the_song_sun