我們?cè)谡f(shuō)一個(gè)句子時(shí)不僅要考慮謂語(yǔ)要用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài).ppt

我們?cè)谡f(shuō)一個(gè)句子時(shí)不僅要考慮謂語(yǔ)要用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，還要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)一致,主謂一致的定義,主謂一致的三原則：,一、語(yǔ)法一致原則 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法形式是單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，語(yǔ)法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 E g: （1）The number of errors was surprising.錯(cuò)誤之多是驚人的 （2） We love our motherland .,二、 意義一致原則 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式. 主語(yǔ)形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式。 E g（1）The crowd were fighting for their lives. 這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗。 （2）Three years in a strange land seems like a long time . 在異鄉(xiāng)生活的這三年，仿佛是很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。,三、就近原則 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式，來(lái)決定其自身的數(shù)的形式。 E g(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .,(1)There _a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. (2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you (3)Not only his family but also he _ Chaplins movies.,is,likes,1、當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由or ,eitheror ,neithernor,not only but also連接時(shí)， 2、由引導(dǎo)的句子,主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和鄰近的名詞或代詞相一致.,are,主謂一致的幾種 情況,N and N +單形動(dòng)詞,A poet and novelist has visited our school.,一位詩(shī)人兼小說(shuō)家參觀(guān)了我們學(xué)校。,The singer and dancer _from Guangxi.那個(gè)歌舞演員來(lái)自廣西,comes,兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)連接時(shí)，如果表示同一概念表示同一人物或觀(guān)點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),N and N +復(fù)形動(dòng)詞,A poet and a novelist have visited our school.,Wu Dong and Wu Xi _twin brother.,are,兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)連接時(shí)，如果表示不同概念表示不同人物或觀(guān)點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,class /family/audience/+單形動(dòng)詞,他的家族是一個(gè)大家庭。,His family is a big one.,作主語(yǔ)用的集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)。,The committee _10 members.,was made up of,class /family/audience +復(fù)形動(dòng)詞,他的家人都很好。,His family are all well.,作主語(yǔ)用的集體名詞若就其中各個(gè)成員來(lái)考慮，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù),The committee_ in the hall.,were,team group party club company government audience class enemy,(表示抽象),The +adj. +單形動(dòng)詞,美就是真。,The beautiful is the true.,(表示該類(lèi)全體),The +adj. +復(fù)形動(dòng)詞,The rich are not always happy.,有錢(qián)的人未必是快樂(lè)的。,The sick are being taken good care of at the hospital. The young respect the old and the old respect the young ,too.,1、She as well as the other students _how to type. 2、Our school, with some few schools,_in the 1950s. 3、A professor , together with some students ,_a new laboratory.,主語(yǔ)而后面跟有besides,including,as well as ,with ,together with ,like ,but,except等短語(yǔ)是，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受這些短語(yǔ)影響,只根據(jù)主語(yǔ)而變化單復(fù)數(shù)。,has learned,was built,was moved into,（）Two hours _enough for us to finish the experiment. （）en dollars _too cheap for the pair of shoes. （3）Fifty kilograms _not to heavy to be carried .,is,表示數(shù)目、時(shí)間、金額、距離、重量的名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,is,is,One hundred cents make a dollar. 100美分就是一美元。 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),(1) Each of us _the book . (4) Somebody _ waiting for you at the gate of the school. (5) Nobody _ to go there .,由anyone,anybody,anything, everybody ,everyone,everything,someone ,somebody,something,no one ,nobody,nothing,each,the other等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),has read,is,is,(1)None _ a great deal of the school. (2)None _ been found. (3) Neither of them _interested in English.,knows,/,know,has,/,have,none neither 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),is/are,To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said is important.,動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,在定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總是與先行詞保持一致。,1、He is one of the st