中考英語專項復習導學案-被動語態(tài).doc

中考英語專項復習-被動語態(tài)主備人：徐敏【教學目標】1. 掌握被動語態(tài)的用法；2. 掌握如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)；3. 掌握變被動語態(tài)時須注意哪些問題?！窘虒W過程】一、英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者（即動作的執(zhí)行者）。賓語是謂語動詞的對象(即動作的承受者)。B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者(動作的對象)。二、被動語態(tài)的謂語構成:助動詞be動詞過去分詞被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應與主語保持一致。各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結構對照表：重點考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時及含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be 過去分詞”。need +v-ing意為“需要被.”，相當于need to be 過去分詞。( ) The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt( ) -Jim, the floor is so dirty. It needs _. -OK, Mom, Ill do it now. A. to sweep B. cleaning C. cleaned D. be swept三、什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)：不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。需要強調動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。四、掌握如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)？1. 將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為： 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語； 謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。 2被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞一般疑問句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once（同義句） The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once Where did they grow vegetables？（改為被動語態(tài)）Where _ vegetables _ ？Many people speak English. （改為被動語態(tài)）English _ _ by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday. （改為被動語態(tài)）His shoes _ _by him yesterday.五、在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題：(一) 一些使役動詞(let, have, make等)或感官動詞(see， hear，watch，notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，一定帶to。如：A. The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. (變被動語態(tài)) The workers _ 18 hours a day by the boss.B. I saw him enter the house. (變被動語態(tài)) He _the house by me.C. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. (變被動語態(tài)) They _ the classroom by the teacher after class. 【注意】當使用see/hear/watch sb. do sth.時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，do 前要帶to。而當使用see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，doing保持不變。如：1. We hear her sing in the room every day.（變被動語態(tài)） She _ in the room every day.2. I saw him going into the shop.(主動語態(tài)) He _ into the shop.(被動語態(tài)) (二)含雙賓語的動詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將指人的間接賓語提前做被動語態(tài)的主語；也可把后面指物的直接賓語提前做主語，但此時要在間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。(主動語態(tài))give/pass/bring/write/tell/show sth. to sb.(被動語態(tài))sth. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown to sb. 或sb. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown sth.(主動語態(tài))buy/make/get/cook sth. for sb.(被動語態(tài))sth. be bought/made/got/cooked for sb. 或sb. be bought/made/got/cooked sth.漢譯英：去年我過生日時姐姐給了我一塊手表。(1) My sister _ for my birthday last year.(2) A watch _ by my sister for my birthday last year.(3) I _ by my sister for my birthday last year.(三)在主動語態(tài)中某些謂語動詞是短語動詞，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時我們不能丟掉其后的介詞或副詞。 漢譯英：我們國家把老人照顧得很好。Old people _ in our country.（4） 謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義:1. 有些不及物動詞和短語無被動語態(tài)，用主動語態(tài)表達被動的意思。如：happen, take place, come true, come out, last, run out(用完)等。翻譯句子：(1)這幾年,我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Great changes _ in my hometown over the years. (2)吉姆昨天發(fā)生了車禍。_(3)如果你努力的話，你會實現(xiàn)夢想的。If you work hard, your dream will _.(4)他的新書上個月出版了。 His new book_.2.少數(shù)動詞后面有副詞well 的時候也不用被動語態(tài) 。 （ 如：write well , wash well , sell well , grow well ）系動詞也不用于被動語態(tài)。（如：look看起來，sound聽起來，feel摸起來，smell聞起來，taste嘗起來） (1). This pen _. 這支筆好寫。 (2). The jeans_ . 這條牛仔褲好洗。 (3). The apples _ and _ . 這些蘋果聞起來很香，賣得好/好賣。 (4). Everything _ in spring.春季萬物都生長得很好。注意：open 與 close漢譯英：這家商店早晨八點開始營業(yè)，晚上十點停止營業(yè)。The shop _ at 8 oclock a.m. and _ at ten p.m. 注意辨析：1. be used to do sth.被用來做某事（被動語態(tài)）(=be used for doing sth.) use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事（主動語態(tài)）2.used to do sth.過去常常做某事3.be / get used to doing sth.習慣做某事【鞏固運用】 1. 她過去常常在晚飯后沿這條馬路散步，但是現(xiàn)在她習慣在家看電視。(漢譯英)She _ the road after supper. But now she _ at home after supper.2.這把刀可以用來削蘋果。(漢譯英)The knife _ apples. (五)注意下列常見短語或句型：1. get / have sth. +過去分詞 “使某事物被.”漢譯英：(1).不應該允許16歲的青少年扎耳洞。Sixteen-year-olds shouldnt _ get their ears _.(2).我昨天理發(fā)了。I have my hair _ yesterday. 2. be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事3. be regarded as .被視為.4. be covered with sth. 被.覆蓋5. be filled with sth.裝滿/充滿.6. be made of sth.由制成（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from sth.由制成（發(fā)生化學變化）7. Its said that.據(jù)說.8. Its well-known that.眾所周知.【鞏固練習】單項選擇：( ) 1.-Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _ . A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited( ) 2.-This yard is so clean today and everything looks fine. - I didnt notice that. Its clear someone _ it. A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned( ) 3.Its said that a bridge _ over the river soon. A. will be built C. is being built C. has been built D. was built( ) 4.Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame (責備) you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected( )5.-Did you have any problems if you _ five minutes to read? -Well, Im thinking about the new words. There are too many. A. give B. are given C. will be given D. will give( )6.-I feel very happy that I _ to be the host. -Congratulations! A.choose B.am chosen C.was chosen D.haven chosen( )7.-The box is too heavy to carry.Whats in it? -Oh, it is _ books. A.filled with B.covered with C.used for D.asked for( )8. -If you stand on the top of the mountain, many things around _ clearly. -I think so. A.can be B.will see C.can be seen D.is seen( )9.Its true that knowledge _ rather than being taught. A.learns B.learned C.is learned D.was learned( )10.Hell go for a walk if his home