天津市2018屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分完形填空專題能力訓(xùn)練九完形填空四說(shuō)明文.docx

專題能力訓(xùn)練九完形填空(四)(說(shuō)明文)AMany of us have characteristics that come from our families.Maybe we have our fathers eyes or our grandmothers hair color.But there are still other elements of our personalities such as 1 and viewpoints that we pick up by 2 our parents.Perhaps we have picked up our mothers love of cleaning or our dads 3 of humor.The researchers at the University of Michigan 4 there are usually three kinds of people from their 5.The first kind of people are the job-oriented(以工作為目的的) people who 6 to regard a job as simply a way to make money.They 7 to working day after day and dont think it8 for them to do anything else.If you have a job-oriented father,you may view work this way.However,you will not 9 hold this viewpoint if you grow up close to your job-oriented mother.The second are the career-oriented people who see their jobs as a place to gain 10.These are the people who dont 11working overtime.In fact,some people love their jobs so much that they are feeling more comfortable in the 12than at home.They are always 13to make progress in their work.Being close to a career-oriented father means youll carry on your fathers.14 enough,having a mother with this viewpoint seems to have little 15.The third are the calling-oriented people who consider their job as a way to have a 16effect on the world.They are more 17 about improving the world around them than earning a large salary.In the study,those people came from homes where both parents had 18.This suggests that adolescents need the 19 of both parents in order to have the confidence.Such as it is,we still have our 20 to find a career that suits us.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是關(guān)于家庭教育的說(shuō)明文。文章用科學(xué)研究成果來(lái)說(shuō)明父母對(duì)孩子的影響。1.A.operationsB.insurancesC.behaviorsD.institutions答案:C解析:operation“手術(shù)”;insurance“保險(xiǎn)”;behavior“行為”;institution“慈善機(jī)構(gòu)”。這里用behaviors與下文的viewpoints對(duì)應(yīng),故選C項(xiàng)。2.A.invitingB.nursingC.protectingD.modeling答案:D解析:invite“邀請(qǐng)”;nurse“護(hù)理”;protect“保護(hù)”;model“跟學(xué),模仿”。由文章中的pickup“偶然學(xué)到”可知,應(yīng)是通過(guò)“模仿”父母學(xué)到的。故選D項(xiàng)。3.A.prideB.senseC.valueD.scene答案:B解析:pride“驕傲”;sense“感覺(jué)”;value“價(jià)值”;scene“場(chǎng)景”。senseofhumor“幽默感”,為固定搭配。故選B項(xiàng)。4.A.warnB.learnC.wonderD.hope答案:B解析:warn“警告”;learn“學(xué)會(huì),知道,了解”;wonder“想知道”;hope“希望”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為“密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員了解到”,故選B項(xiàng)。5.A.studyB.hallC.universityD.department答案:A解析:study“學(xué)習(xí),研究”;hall“大廳”;university“大學(xué)”;department“部門,分支”。與上文的researchers相對(duì)應(yīng),此處應(yīng)為study。故選A項(xiàng)。6.A.attemptB.manageC.tendD.offer答案:C解析:attempt“嘗試”;manage“設(shè)法”;tend“趨向”;offer“提供”。tendtodosth.“意欲、打算做某事”,與前文的job-oriented對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。7.A.paynoattentionB.areopposedC.lookforwardD.areblind答案:C解析:根據(jù)前文的“regardajobassimplyawaytomakemoney”可判斷是他們期待一天又一天重復(fù)地工作,僅僅是為了掙錢。故選C項(xiàng)。8.A.puzzlingB.interestingC.surprisingD.frightening答案:B解析:puzzling“令人困惑的”;interesting“令人感興趣的”;surprising“令人吃驚的”;frightening“令人害怕的”。根據(jù)前文“workingdayafterday”可知他們認(rèn)為其他的事情都是無(wú)趣的。故選B項(xiàng)。9.A.frequentlyB.constantlyC.probablyD.patiently答案:C解析:frequently“頻繁地”;constantly“不斷地”;probably“可能地”;patiently“耐心地”。根據(jù)下文的“closetoyourjob-orientedmother”和前文的“However”,“not”判斷是很可能不會(huì)擁有這樣一種觀點(diǎn),與擁有一個(gè)“job-orientedfather”不同。故選C項(xiàng)。10.A.explanationsB.expressionsC.directionsD.achievements答案:D解析:explanation“解釋”;expression“表達(dá),表情”;direction“說(shuō)明,指導(dǎo)”;achievement“成功”。gainachievement“贏得成功”,追求事業(yè)的人會(huì)努力在他們的工作上贏得成功。故選D項(xiàng)。11.A.mindB.enjoyC.finishD.consider答案:A解析:mind“介意”;enjoy“享受,喜歡”;finish“完成”;consider“考慮”。根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知若想獲得成功,應(yīng)是不介意加班工作。故選A項(xiàng)。12.A.gardenB.officeC.cinemaD.club答案:B解析:garden“花園”;office“辦公室”;cinema“電影院”;club“俱樂(lè)部”。與“somepeoplelovetheirjobssomuch”對(duì)應(yīng),應(yīng)是對(duì)這些人來(lái)說(shuō)待在辦公室比待在家里還舒服。故選B項(xiàng)。13.A.sadB.curiousC.proudD.afraid答案:C解析:sad“悲傷的”;curious“好奇的”;proud“驕傲的”;afraid“害怕的”。與空后的“tomakeprogress”和前文的“l(fā)ovetheirjobssomuch”相對(duì)應(yīng),應(yīng)是為取得的進(jìn)步感到自豪?？芍xC項(xiàng)。14.A.WorriedlyB.SecretlyC.CarefullyD.Strangely答案:D解析:worriedly“憂慮地”;secretly“秘密地”;carefully“認(rèn)真地,細(xì)心地”;strangely“奇怪地”。根據(jù)空前的“carryonyourfathers”與空后的“seemstohavelittle15”可知strangelyenough“說(shuō)來(lái)也奇怪”符合語(yǔ)境,故選D項(xiàng)。15.A.influenceB.evidenceC.performanceD.justice答案:A解析:influence“影響”;evidence“證據(jù)”;performance“表演”;justice“正義”。與前文對(duì)應(yīng),類屬于“career-oriented”的母親對(duì)孩子有更少的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。16.A.badB.sideC.harmfulD.positive答案:D解析:bad“壞的”;side“負(fù)面的”;harmful“有害的”;positive“積極的”。根據(jù)下文的“improvingtheworldaroundthem”判斷應(yīng)是對(duì)周圍世界有積極的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。17.A.disappointedB.concernedC.tiredD.difficult答案:B解析:disappointed“感到失望的”;concerned“關(guān)心的,擔(dān)憂的”;tired“感到疲勞的”;difficult“困難的”。beconcernedabout“關(guān)注”,為固定搭配。故選B項(xiàng)。18.A.timeB.wealthC.abilityD.profit答案:C解析:time“時(shí)間”;wealth“財(cái)富”;ability“能力”;profit“利潤(rùn)”。根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)是“來(lái)自父母都有能力的家庭”。故選C項(xiàng)。19.A.moneyB.reputationC.supportD.conclusion答案:C解析:money“金錢”;reputation“名譽(yù)”;support“支持”;conclusion“結(jié)論”。青少年需要來(lái)自父母雙方的支持才能獲得自信。故選C項(xiàng)。20.A.adviceB.differenceC.discussionD.choice答案:D解析:advice“建議”;difference“不同,差別”;discussion“討論”;choice“選擇”。與下文“thatsuitsus”對(duì)應(yīng),應(yīng)為“選擇適合我們的事業(yè)”。故選D項(xiàng)。BChildren model themselves largely on their parents.They do so mainly through identification.Children identify 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent.The things parents do and sayand the 3 they do and say to themtherefore strongly influence a childs 4.Therefore,parents must consistently behave like the type of 5 they want their child to become.A parents actions 6 affect the self-image that a child forms 7 identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 8 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly 9 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 10 positive qualities in themselves.Children may 11 their self-image,however,as they become increasingly 12 by peer groups standards before they reach 13.Isolated(孤立的) events,13 dramatic(戲劇性的)ones,do not necessarily have a permanent 14 on a childs behavior.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can,15,accept the divorce of their parents or a parents early 16.But if children feel unloved,they may interpret such events 17 a sign of rejection or punishment.In the same way,all children are not influenced 18 by toys and games,reading materials,and television programs.19 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations,the 20 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子影響的問(wèn)題展開了論述。我們能從許多孩子的身上或多或少地看到他們父母的影子。1.A.toB.withC.aroundD.for答案:B解析:本題屬于慣用搭配題,identifywith在這里意為“認(rèn)同,等同”,即“孩子把自己假設(shè)成父親或母親”,所以B項(xiàng)正確。2.A.informedB.characteristicC.conceivedD.indicative答案:B解析:informed“見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的”;characteristic“典型的”;conceived“想象的”;indicative“指示的,預(yù)示的”。characteristicofsb.“某人的特征”,符合“當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為自己擁有屬于父母特有的品質(zhì)和情感時(shí)”這一語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。3.A.gestureB.expressionC.wayD.extent答案:C解析:gesture“姿態(tài),手勢(shì)”;expression“表情”;way“方式”;extent“范圍”。只有way符合句意,即父母的言行方式。故選C項(xiàng)。4.A.behaviorB.wordsC.moodD.reactions答案:A解析:空格所在句意為“父母的言行舉止,以及他們的言行方式對(duì)孩子的影響很大”。behavior“行為”;word“話語(yǔ)”;mood“心情”;reaction“反應(yīng)”。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)正確。5.A.personB.humanC.creatureD.adult答案:A解析:person“人”;human“人類”;creature“生物”;adult“成年人”。結(jié)合句意可知,A項(xiàng)正確。6.A.inturnB.neverthelessC.alsoD.asaresult答案:C解析:上文談到父母的言行對(duì)孩子的行為影響很大,這里談到父母的言行還影響孩子的自我形象,所以應(yīng)使用表并列關(guān)系的詞。故選C項(xiàng)。7.A.beforeB.besidesC.withD.through答案:D解析:此處意為“孩子身份認(rèn)同形成的自我形象”,只有through(通過(guò))符合句意,且文章第二句已給出提示。故選D項(xiàng)。8.A.eyesB.parentsC.peersD.behaviors答案:B解析:根據(jù)下一句中的“intheirparents”可知B項(xiàng)正確。9.A.negativeB.cheerfulC.variousD.complex答案:A解析:由上句話中的“positive”可以推測(cè)出此處應(yīng)是其反義詞,所以A項(xiàng)正確。10.A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.toseeing答案:B解析:havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“做有困難”,是固定搭配,所以B項(xiàng)正確。11.A.modifyB.copyC.giveupD.continue答案:A解析:空格處所在句意為“然而,在他們13歲之前,由于他們?cè)絹?lái)越同齡人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),他們可能會(huì)自我形象”。modify“修改,更改”;copy“復(fù)制”;giveup“放棄”;continue“繼續(xù)”。A項(xiàng)最符合句意。12.A.matureB.influencedC.uniqueD.independent答案:B解析:mature“成熟的”;influenced“被影響的”;unique“獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”;independent“獨(dú)立的”。結(jié)合句意可知,B項(xiàng)正確。13.A.notB.besidesC.evenD.finally答案:C解析:本句的意思是“孤立的事件富有戲劇性的事,都不一定會(huì)對(duì)孩子的行為產(chǎn)生永久的”,由此可推知空格處應(yīng)填入表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞,所以C項(xiàng)正確。14.A.ideaB.wonderC.stampD.effect答案:D解析:havea(n).effecton“對(duì)產(chǎn)生影響”,是慣用搭配,所以D項(xiàng)正確。15.A.luckilyB.forexampleC.atmostD.theoretically答案:B解析:此處舉例說(shuō)明孩子們?nèi)绾卫靡延械膽B(tài)度等理解某些事情。故選B項(xiàng)。16.A.deathB.rewardsC.adviceD.teaching答案:A解析:本句中or連接的兩部分應(yīng)是意義相似的令人不愉快的事,所以A項(xiàng)正確。17.A.asB.beingC.ofD.for答案:A解析:interpret.as“把理解為”,是慣用搭配,所以A項(xiàng)正確。18.A.evenB.atallC.alikeD.asawhole答案:C解析:句意:不是所有的孩子都受到玩具、游戲、讀物、電視節(jié)目的影響。alike“同樣地”,符合句意,所以C項(xiàng)正確。19.A.OhB.AlasC.RightD.As答案:D解析:as“正如”,符合句意,故選D項(xiàng)。A、B兩項(xiàng)是感嘆詞,后面多用逗號(hào),應(yīng)排除;right不符合句意,也應(yīng)排除。20.A.resultB.effectC.scaleD.cause答案:B解析:句意:一次活動(dòng)或經(jīng)歷對(duì)一個(gè)孩子的影響取決于他/她如何看待它。result“結(jié)果”;effect“影響”;scale“刻度”;cause“原因”。故B項(xiàng)正確。CIn the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg,a German printer,developed a new printing press(印刷機(jī)).Then single letters could be 1 in lines to create a page of text.The letters were made of metal.Each one could be 2 to different parts of the press,depending on which words were 3 on a certain page.This was one of the most important 4 in the history of printing.5,most books had been created by copying out text by hand.The 6 of a single book would take many hours or even days.With the Gutenberg press,7 could be printed in several seconds,and many copies of books could be created in a few hours.Gutenbergs printing press was not so much a(n) 8,however,as an improvement of developing technologies.The Chinese were the first to use wooden blocks(木刻版),as early as the 8th century.Then great 9 was made around 1040.The movable type was invented by Bi Sheng in China.The Europeans 10 the printing methods centuries later.Another contribution to Gutenbergs system also came from the East,11.The Chinese invented paper using 12 materials,including old clothes.The kind of inexpensive paper was introduced into Europe in 1000 or so.This kind of paper was 13 for the new European printing presses,14 it took in the only ink required for the metal type.Printing soon became an important 15 in a rapidly growing world.By 1500,nearly 35,000 books were in print worldwide.But the printing press did not 16 a lot for a long time.In the 19th century,however,iron 17 wood in the presss framework.And paper became 18 in continuous rolls rather than more expensive single pieces.Steam engines 19 the speed at which the press ran.In the late 1900s,the introduction of better presses greatly 20 the time it took to turn ideas into books.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要講述了文本印刷術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程。1.A.usedB.putC.readD.written答案:B解析:use“使用”;put“放”;read“讀”;write“寫”。句意:然后這些單一的字母被排列成行制成一頁(yè)文本。putsth.inlines“把排列成行”。故選B項(xiàng)。2.A.shownB.turnedC.movedD.added答案:C解析:show“展示”;turn“轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)”;move“移動(dòng)”;add“增加”。句意:根據(jù)版面對(duì)于單詞的需要,每個(gè)字母可以移動(dòng)到不同的地方。根據(jù)句意可知每個(gè)字母都可以移動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。3.A.neededB.lostC.collectedD.found答案:A解析:need“需要”;lose“失去”;collect“收集”;find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意:根據(jù)版面對(duì)于單詞的需要,每個(gè)字母可以移動(dòng)到不同的地方。根據(jù)句意選A項(xiàng)。4.A.challengesB.studiesC.discoveriesD.developments答案:D解析:challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”;study“研究”;discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;development“發(fā)展”。句意:這是印刷史上最重要的發(fā)展之一。根據(jù)第一句話“Inthe1450sJohannesGutenberg,aGermanprinter,developedanewprintingpress.”可知選D項(xiàng)。5.A.RecentlyB.ImmediatelyC.PreviouslyD.Finally答案:C解析:recently“最近地”;immediately“立刻地”;previously“先前地”;finally“最后地”。句意:以前,大多數(shù)的書用手來(lái)進(jìn)行抄寫。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和時(shí)態(tài)可知這里在講述以前的事情。故選C項(xiàng)。6.A.discussionB.productionC.instructionD.preparation答案:B解析:discussion“討論”;production“生產(chǎn)”;instruction“說(shuō)明”;preparation“準(zhǔn)備”。句意:一本書的生產(chǎn)會(huì)花費(fèi)數(shù)小時(shí)甚至數(shù)天的時(shí)間。根據(jù)上文提到“mostbookshadbeencreatedbycopyingouttextbyhand.”可知選B項(xiàng)。7.A.pagesB.ideasC.modelsD.characters答案:A解析:page“頁(yè)”;idea“想法”;model“模型”;character“字母;角色”。句意:用這種印刷機(jī),在幾秒鐘內(nèi)能打印許多頁(yè),在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就可印刷數(shù)本書。根據(jù)句意可知在幾秒鐘內(nèi)印數(shù)單頁(yè),再由單頁(yè)構(gòu)成書。故選A項(xiàng)。8.A.attractionB.expressionC.competitionD.invention答案:D解析:attraction“吸引”;expression“表達(dá)”;competition“比賽”;invention“發(fā)明”。句意:古登堡印刷術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)科技的發(fā)展并不是一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。根據(jù)下文可知選D項(xiàng)。9.A.accidentB.researchC.progressD.situation答案:C解析:accident“事故”;research“研究”;progress“進(jìn)步”;situation“狀況”。句意:1040年左右此項(xiàng)技術(shù)取得了較大的進(jìn)步。makeprogress“取得進(jìn)步”。故選C項(xiàng)。10.A.believedB.followedC.testedD.required答案:B解析:believe“相信”;follow“跟隨”;test“檢測(cè)”;require“要求”。句意:畢昇發(fā)明活字印刷術(shù)。數(shù)世紀(jì)后歐洲也緊隨其后。11.A.paperB.woodC.lettersD