2013考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)試面試聽(tīng)力.docVIP

面試注意事項(xiàng)姿勢(shì)：站，腰要挺直，雙肩自然放松，雙手自然下垂。坐：不要癱在椅子上，抬頭挺胸，平時(shí)對(duì)方。目光穩(wěn)定。不要有小動(dòng)作，腿平放，手自然放在腿上。跟面試者的距離不要太遠(yuǎn)也不要太近。注意細(xì)節(jié)：敲門(mén)、關(guān)門(mén)、握手。談吐：千萬(wàn)不能“吐痰”。自信、口齒清楚、音量、節(jié)奏、簡(jiǎn)潔、條理、坦率神態(tài)：自信、視線停留30-60%、眼神（對(duì)方講話時(shí)，你講話時(shí)）、嘴巴、笑容衣著：整潔、得體面試禁忌1. 氣喘吁吁，神色慌張 2. 對(duì)方不伸手，不要主動(dòng)伸手3. 不要自行就座，要等對(duì)方示意。 4. 坐下后要向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x5. 不要任意挪移位置 6. 不要把隨身物品亂放7. 打完招呼后，等對(duì)方開(kāi)口提問(wèn) 8. 交談中，眼神閃爍不定， 不要咬嘴或噘嘴9. 不要打斷對(duì)方，以及和對(duì)方爭(zhēng)論 10. 不要有小動(dòng)作（掏耳朵、摳鼻子、撓頭皮）11. 避免口頭禪 12. 表達(dá)不清晰13. 無(wú)論是自己沒(méi)能夠聽(tīng)清楚考官的問(wèn)題，或是已經(jīng)回答完畢，包括在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)由于思考而引起的停頓，都需要用明確的語(yǔ)言告訴對(duì)方，切忌默不做聲！回答問(wèn)題時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：e.g. Interviewer: Why do you want to further your study?Candidate: Thats a rather difficult question. There are two main reasons, I suppose.如果考官對(duì)你的回答不甚滿意，你也許會(huì)聽(tīng)到這樣的問(wèn)題：Id like to know some more aboutCould you tell me a bit more bout?Sorry to press you, but could you tell me?Sorry, I dont quite understand, could you tell me ?I didnt quite follow what you said aboutMeaning?For example?Then you?Therefore?Which means?So then?比如：A: How did you happen to move here?B: I like the climate better.A: Better thanB: Better than the polluted air of the city.A: Which meansB: Which means I can expect better overall health for myself.沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂對(duì)方在說(shuō)什么時(shí)，你可以承認(rèn)自己不知道答案Im sorry. I dont understand.Sorry. I dont follow.I didnt catch that. Would you mind repeating it?Could you repeat the question, please?Sorry. I dont know what you mean by Union JackWould you mind explaining Union Jack?聽(tīng)力考試常見(jiàn)場(chǎng)景詞匯交通運(yùn)輸場(chǎng)景 fare車票licence駕照rushhours高峰時(shí)間trafficjam交通堵塞overtake超車overspeed超速policeofficer交警onewaystreet單行道ticket罰單fine罰金fastway/expressway/highway高速公路motorway機(jī)動(dòng)車道superway飛機(jī)機(jī)動(dòng)車道tunnel/channel隧道ringroad環(huán)線flyover人行天橋maglev磁懸浮subway(美)/underground(英)地鐵metro地道overhead輕軌freeway免費(fèi)高速公路交通工具（出現(xiàn)頻率從高到低）plane/train(女)/bus/bike(女)/walk(女)/taxi(女)：女生比較喜歡電話場(chǎng)景 mobilephone手機(jī)payphone公用電話telephonebox/booth電話亭yellowpage黃頁(yè)dial（撥電話號(hào)碼）/press（按電話號(hào)碼）extension分機(jī)operator總機(jī)putthrough接通holdon不要掛斷，稍等take/leaveamessage留言hangup/getoff掛斷creditcall記賬式電話wrongnumber/thereisnoonebythisname電話號(hào)碼錯(cuò)了/沒(méi)有這個(gè)人 機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景 plane/craft飛機(jī)book訂票timetable時(shí)間表destination目的地openticketonewayticket單程票roundtripticket來(lái)回票non-stop/directflight直航transfer/layover/stopover轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)checkin登記first/business/economycabin頭等/商務(wù)/經(jīng)濟(jì)艙boardingcard登機(jī)牌confirmtheflight確認(rèn)航班securitycheck安檢keepintouch保持聯(lián)系seeoff送行送別時(shí)的祝語(yǔ)safelanding安全著陸board登機(jī)takeoff起飛departure離港safety/sectbelt安全帶land著陸arrival進(jìn)港pickup接機(jī)公司場(chǎng)景 jobvacancy有空缺職位letterofapplication求職信resume簡(jiǎn)歷basic/personalinfo.基本信息/個(gè)人資料salary日薪workexperience工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)workovertime加班askforaraise加錢(qián)wage周薪academicbackground教育背景bonus獎(jiǎng)金allowance津貼annualincome年收入promotion升職fire解雇work/job/career/course工作resign辭職holiday假日，假期vacation休假annualleave年假sickleave病假coffeebreakaway離開(kāi)一會(huì)rest休息break指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息post/position/vocation/title職務(wù)假期休息的說(shuō)法（依次是從大到小） 租房場(chǎng)景 liveoncampus住校liveoffcampus住校外forsale可銷售的房子rent租金forrent/lease可出租的房子utilities公用事業(yè)費(fèi)location位置suburb/downtown市郊/市中心condition住房條件furnished配家具unfurnished無(wú)裝修leaking漏水blackout斷電environment環(huán)境transportation交通landlord房東landlady房東太太tenant房客roommate室友neat整潔的considerate體貼的，細(xì)心的messy/untidy臟亂的noisy吵鬧的 醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景 seeadoctor去醫(yī)院看醫(yī)生sendforadoctor讓醫(yī)生出診flu流感physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生surgeon外科醫(yī)生dentist牙醫(yī)makeanappointment預(yù)約emergency急診checkup/exam檢查cold（感冒）flu（流感）prescribe開(kāi)藥方pill/tablet藥片liquid喝藥水injection=shot注射operation手術(shù)medicalresult診斷結(jié)果clinic診所mental hospital精神病醫(yī)院physician/internist內(nèi)科醫(yī)生oculist/eye doctor眼科醫(yī)生surgeon外科醫(yī)生dentist牙醫(yī)vet獸醫(yī)shrink心理醫(yī)生symptom癥狀have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache胃痛have a fever發(fā)燒pneumonia肺炎healthcenter/clinic衛(wèi)生所/門(mén)診部have a cough咳嗽have a headache頭痛have a toothache牙痛liver trouble肝炎allergy過(guò)敏癥twisted/sprained扭傷的feel dizzy頭暈feel chilly覺(jué)得發(fā)冷asthma哮喘diabetics糖尿病患者cramps抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate嘔吐diarrhea腹瀉vomitive/puke惡心的phlegm痰have a stuffed nose鼻子不通stiff neck脖子發(fā)僵pill藥丸mixture合劑eye drops眼藥水syrup糖漿pad藥棉塊vitamin維他命tablet藥片antibiotic抗生素ointment藥膏medication藥物aspirin阿司匹林bandage繃帶syringe注射器stethoscope聽(tīng)診器injection注射preventive injection預(yù)防針gauze紗布cold cure感冒藥sweating medicine發(fā)汗藥febrifuge退燒藥capsule膠囊case history病歷extract拔牙take ones temperature量體溫see a doctor看病send for a doctor請(qǐng)醫(yī)生feel ones pulse量脈搏take ones blood pressur量血壓give a prescription開(kāi)藥方have an operation 動(dòng)手術(shù)make an appointment預(yù)約郵局場(chǎng)景 post/send/mail寄letter/mail信registeredmail掛號(hào)信regularmail平信airmail航空信parcel/package包裹telegram/cable電報(bào)rate費(fèi)率overweight超重postage郵資email電子郵件reply回復(fù)forward轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)cc（carboncopy）抄送subject主題attach附件bcc（blindcarboncopy）秘密抄送 銀行交易場(chǎng)景bank book/pass book存折open an account開(kāi)戶earn interest賺取利息savings account存款賬戶current account活期存款賬戶check account支票賬戶deposit account定期賬戶annual interest rate年利率daily interest account -天service charge手續(xù)費(fèi)signature card簽名卡draw/withdraw提款order check記名支票rubber check空頭支票blank check空白支票exchange rate匯率denomination=face value面額bill鈔票change零錢(qián)cash現(xiàn)金password/code密碼amount in figures小寫(xiě)金額amount in words大寫(xiě)金額credit card信用卡coin硬幣nickel（美、加）的五分硬幣penny便士dime（美、加）的十分硬幣commercial bank商業(yè)銀行mortgage抵押unit 貨幣單位value/worth面值ounce盎司full refund全額償還extension延期overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣payday發(fā)薪日pay slip/envelop薪水單debt債務(wù)collateral擔(dān)保物fill out/in填寫(xiě)check book支票簿loan貸款joint account聯(lián)名賬戶cashier收銀員teller銀行職員statement對(duì)賬單money order匯票accountant會(huì)計(jì)four in hundred四張一百元面額give the money in fives/tens換成五元或十元面額expense account公款支付賬戶the balance of your bank account賬戶余額travelers check旅行支票monthly savings account按月計(jì)息賬戶-instant account速成戶頭a princely sum（an excessive amount）巨款by installment分期付款apply for/grant a loan申請(qǐng)/批準(zhǔn)貸款其他 officehours/businesshours/workinghours工作時(shí)間，營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間關(guān)于開(kāi)關(guān):poweron/off開(kāi)/關(guān)turnon/off開(kāi)/關(guān)switchon/off開(kāi)/關(guān)(只能用于與電有關(guān)的開(kāi)關(guān),不能用于水龍頭之類的開(kāi)關(guān)）干杯cheers/proposeatoast/tobottomupthelastthing最不愿意做的事情thelastman最不愿意見(jiàn)的人bestseller暢銷sellup賣完，賣光售罄sellout賣完，賣光售罄/出賣朋友或原則selloff低價(jià)處理庫(kù)存商品sellingmachine自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)sellingpoint賣點(diǎn)countthedays渴望counton=dependent/relyoncountin把考慮在內(nèi)countfornothing一錢(qián)不值countforlittle無(wú)足輕重countformuch舉足輕重countdown倒計(jì)時(shí)countup相加 第六部分：聽(tīng)力常見(jiàn)題型介紹1.短對(duì)話1）綜合推斷類題型：綜合推斷類題旨在考察考生理解對(duì)話深層含義或內(nèi)涵的能力。要求考生在聽(tīng)懂對(duì)話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)對(duì)話雙方的語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣和情景等信息，結(jié)合自己的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)、文化背景知識(shí)等進(jìn)行歸納、推理和判斷，透過(guò)表面詞語(yǔ)意義，領(lǐng)會(huì)說(shuō)話人的深層含義或真實(shí)意圖。這類題涉及面較廣，提問(wèn)的形式也比較多樣。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式如下：What does the manwoman meanimplyindicate?What can you inferlearn from the conversation?What can be inferred from the conversation?What do you learn from the mans/womans response?What do you learn from the conversation? What does the conversation tell us?What are they talking about?What can we conclude from the mans reply?What happened to the manwoman?例：AIt call help solve complex problems B. It will most likely prove ineffective.C. It is a new weapon against terrorists. D. It will help detect all kinds of liars.原文為：Man：I hear a newly invented drug can make people tell the truth and it may prove useful in questioning terroristsIsnt it incredible?Woman：Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed. As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work.Question：What does the woman think of the new drug? (B)解析：從選項(xiàng)看，該題內(nèi)容涉及某項(xiàng)新東西的性能。女士首先說(shuō): “聽(tīng)說(shuō)新發(fā)明了一種藥物能讓人講實(shí)話，這用來(lái)審訊恐怖分子恐怕不錯(cuò)。妙吧?”可是男士的態(tài)度來(lái)了個(gè)大轉(zhuǎn)彎，他說(shuō)：“對(duì)復(fù)雜問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)單的解決辦法很少行得通。據(jù)我所知，從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)這類藥管用過(guò)。”他首先以普遍規(guī)律否定了這類藥物的有效性，進(jìn)而又強(qiáng)調(diào)此類藥物沒(méi)有成功的先例。從而表明他認(rèn)為該藥恐怕不會(huì)有什么效果。綜合推斷類題包羅萬(wàn)象，但歸根結(jié)蒂旨在考察考生的綜合理解力以及邏輯推理能力。所以遇到此類題型，考生一定要注意：通過(guò)選項(xiàng)分析預(yù)測(cè)關(guān)鍵信息可能內(nèi)容或趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)分析注意捕捉相關(guān)信息?？忌紫嚷?tīng)清對(duì)話內(nèi)容，然后透過(guò)字面意思，體會(huì)講話人的言外之意。保持清晰的思路，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)提示，結(jié)合對(duì)話內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推論。2）職業(yè)、身份、地點(diǎn)與人物關(guān)系類題型判斷職業(yè)、身份、地點(diǎn)與人物關(guān)系是聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中又一常見(jiàn)題型。這類題型考察人物的職業(yè)、身份，談話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，以及談話者之間的關(guān)系。對(duì)話中經(jīng)常提供一個(gè)情節(jié)或情境，反映所涉及人物的職業(yè)、身份、彼此關(guān)系等。大部分隋況下，這類題目的選項(xiàng)特征相當(dāng)明顯：要么是四種不同的職業(yè)，要么是四個(gè)不同身份的人，要么是四個(gè)地點(diǎn)，要么是四種不同的人物關(guān)系。這類題型的常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：Who is the man/woman?What is the manwoman?What are the speakers?Who are the two speakers?What is the mans/womans job/occupation/profession?What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?Where does the conversation most probably take place?例：A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife C. Employer and employee D. Mother and son原文為： Women：John，what are you doing on your computer? Dont you remember your promise?Man：This is not a gameIts only a cross word puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Question：What is the probable relationship between the speakers? ( D )解析：本題屬于人物關(guān)系類題型。選項(xiàng)的特征已明顯說(shuō)明要考察四種不同的人物關(guān)系。解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)兩人之間的談話內(nèi)容以及雙方的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)判斷。女士問(wèn)：“你在電腦上干什么?你難道忘記你的承諾了嗎?”男士回答：“這不是電腦游戲，只是一個(gè)幫助我擴(kuò)大詞匯量的拼字游戲?！庇申P(guān)鍵詞increase my vocabulary，基本可以判斷男士的學(xué)生身份。加上女士反問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣，綜合考慮一下，正確答案應(yīng)是母子關(guān)系。例：A. At the airport B. In a restaurantC. In the booking office D. At the hotel reception原文為：Woman: We dont seem to have a reservation for you, sirIm sorryMan：But my secretary said that she had reserved a room for me here. I phoned her from the airport this morning just before I got onboard the planeQuestion：Where does the conversation most probably take place? ( D )解析：本題屬于地點(diǎn)判斷題。從所給選項(xiàng)就可清晰知曉問(wèn)題一定是判斷談話地點(diǎn)的。所以聽(tīng)音時(shí)要特別留意表明地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。女士的話的“似乎沒(méi)有您的預(yù)定”已經(jīng)告訴我們這里可能是酒店或餐館，男士的話中“給我訂了房間”的信息使我們進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)談話地點(diǎn)是在酒店。遇到職業(yè)身份與人物關(guān)系類題型，基本解題步驟應(yīng)為： 瀏覽選項(xiàng)，確認(rèn)題目類型。 聽(tīng)音時(shí)捕捉線索詞，以便抓住關(guān)鍵信息，做出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。該題型的關(guān)鍵是線索詞。無(wú)論職業(yè)和人物關(guān)系，還是談話地點(diǎn)都只能根據(jù)這些線索推導(dǎo)出來(lái)。對(duì)大多數(shù)情景來(lái)說(shuō)，考生無(wú)須聽(tīng)懂整個(gè)句子或?qū)υ掃B貫的意思，只要聽(tīng)清幾個(gè)孤立的線索詞就能解題。因此聽(tīng)音時(shí)要注意捕捉對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的與說(shuō)話人身份、對(duì)話的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等相關(guān)的線索詞或關(guān)鍵詞，并根據(jù)這些進(jìn)行推斷，選出正確答案。 留意對(duì)話中雙方的說(shuō)話方式及語(yǔ)氣。如前面的例2中所提到的：母親質(zhì)問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣，可以幫助我們判斷兩人之間的關(guān)系。另外很多情況下，一些見(jiàn)面常用語(yǔ)也可以暗示某種職業(yè)。如：Can I help you? 一般是服務(wù)行業(yè)人員的用語(yǔ)，而Whats wrong with you?是醫(yī)生的常用語(yǔ)。3)數(shù)字計(jì)算類題型：數(shù)字與計(jì)算類的試題雖然不是每年的必考題型，但也屬于常見(jiàn)題。這類題目涉及的方面比較廣泛，包括對(duì)年月，日期，時(shí)間，價(jià)格，人數(shù)，號(hào)碼等的提問(wèn)，也可能就具體數(shù)字要求考生做相應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算。此類題目的特征相當(dāng)明顯：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般都是相似或相關(guān)的數(shù)字，偶爾會(huì)有介詞后跟數(shù)字。考生只要粗略一看選項(xiàng)都是與數(shù)字相關(guān)的，就很容易辨認(rèn)。 這種類型的試題，出題形式一般為兩類：數(shù)字辨別和數(shù)字計(jì)算。其中數(shù)字辨別是比較簡(jiǎn)單的一類。主要考察考生是否能夠確認(rèn)數(shù)字與內(nèi)容的各自對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。然后根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題直接回答對(duì)應(yīng)項(xiàng)。數(shù)字運(yùn)算則考查加減乘除運(yùn)算及混合運(yùn)算。要求考生根據(jù)對(duì)話信息判斷運(yùn)算關(guān)系，從而進(jìn)行運(yùn)算找到答案。這一類型較前一類有更高的要求。數(shù)字與計(jì)算類試題常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：How muchmany?How far does the manwoman?How long willdid it take to?What time?At what time did the conversation take place?When willstart?例：AAt 10：30 B. At 10：25 C. At 10：40 D. At 10：45原文為：Man：So when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in 10 minutes. We cant wait here foreverWoman：Its ten thirty alreadyThey are supposed to be here by nowI told everybody to meet hereby 10：15Question：When is the train leaving? ( C )解析：本題屬于數(shù)字計(jì)算類。在男士的談話中提到火車十分鐘后出發(fā)，由女士的回答可知，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是10：30了。由此可推知火車開(kāi)車的時(shí)間應(yīng)為10：40。本題涉及數(shù)字的加法運(yùn)算。同時(shí)也存在一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)10：15。遇到數(shù)字及計(jì)算類題型基本解題步驟應(yīng)為： 首先在瀏覽選項(xiàng)后迅速分析選項(xiàng)之間的數(shù)字關(guān)系，推測(cè)出題方向。在對(duì)話播放前，通過(guò)瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知本題是關(guān)于時(shí)間的問(wèn)題。 之后邊聽(tīng)邊針對(duì)選項(xiàng)作一些必要的記錄，以便在回答提問(wèn)時(shí)“對(duì)號(hào)入座”。同時(shí)也應(yīng)留意對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)而選項(xiàng)中并未出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字。 聽(tīng)清問(wèn)題，選出對(duì)應(yīng)項(xiàng)或適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)算方法，得出正確答案。又如：A$140 B. $430 C. $640 D. $860原文為：Woman：Heres a 10-dollar bill, give me two tickets for tonights show pleaseMan：SureTwo tickets, and heres 1.40 change.Question：How much does one ticket cost? ( B )在對(duì)話試題播放前，我們?yōu)g覽選項(xiàng)，可以判斷出本題是有關(guān)價(jià)格的問(wèn)題。進(jìn)一步分析選項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中幾個(gè)數(shù)字差別很大。無(wú)明確規(guī)律。這種情況下，我們需要更多的關(guān)注對(duì)話本身。當(dāng)對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)到1O-dollar，雖然選項(xiàng)中并未出現(xiàn)，但我們?nèi)孕桦S手記錄，作為一個(gè)參考數(shù)字。男士的回答中出現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)A$1.40，同時(shí)說(shuō)明是change(找回的零錢(qián))，這樣我們很容易地想到數(shù)字的減法運(yùn)算$10一 $140=$860。如果僅僅捕捉到以上信息，我們此時(shí)很快會(huì)給出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤答案D。正確的做法是：聽(tīng)清問(wèn)題，再進(jìn)一步判斷運(yùn)算關(guān)系。在女士和男士的談話中都強(qiáng)調(diào)了two tickets。而問(wèn)題是one ticket。所以再次進(jìn)行除法計(jì)算才能得出本題的正確答案$430。透過(guò)本題說(shuō)明：聽(tīng)清提問(wèn),同樣起到至關(guān)重要的作用。要做好數(shù)字計(jì)算題平時(shí)還應(yīng)掌握各種數(shù)字的讀法。如$940可以讀作nine dollars and forty cents或nine dollars forty或nine forty。又如2006年讀作two thousand and six而1999年讀作nineteen ninetynine。同時(shí)注意一些與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞匯或表達(dá)方式。如more(多)，less(少)，early(早)，late(遲)，half(一半)，quarter(四分之一)，double(兩倍)，couple(一對(duì))，dozen(一打，十二個(gè))，every other day(每隔一天)，twice a week(每周兩次)，four times(四次，四倍)等。4)因果關(guān)系與否定類題型：因果關(guān)系題是聽(tīng)力考試的一類常考題型。它要求考生正確理解某一事情發(fā)生的原因或結(jié)果辨識(shí)含有因果關(guān)系的句子。此類題目一般側(cè)重于對(duì)原因的考查，對(duì)結(jié)果的考查相對(duì)比較少。因果關(guān)系類題型一般涉及面較廣而且提示詞很少，選項(xiàng)的特征也很不明顯：大部分情況下，選項(xiàng)只是四個(gè)完整的陳述句，很難通過(guò)卷面線索判斷出這一題是否屬于因果關(guān)系題。所以，此類題型有一定難度。因果關(guān)系類題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：Why does the man/woman do?Why is the man/woman?What causes?What happened?What do we learn from the conversation?What is the mans/womans reason for?例：AShe is working in the cityB. Life in the suburbs is lonelyC. Jobs are easier to find in the city D. Its less expensive living in the city原文為：Man：Hi, SusanHave you decided where to live when you get married?Woman：Id like to live in the downtown area near my work，but Nathan wants a house in the suburbs to save on expenses Question：Why does Susan want to live in the city? ( A )解析：本題對(duì)話中并沒(méi)有明顯的因果關(guān)系提示詞，所以需要通過(guò)理解上下文找出因果關(guān)系。對(duì)話中男士問(wèn)蘇珊結(jié)婚后打算在哪兒住，蘇珊回答說(shuō)想住市區(qū)上班近。所以根據(jù)上下文翅斷，蘇珊應(yīng)在市區(qū)上班。否定類題型也是有難度的一類題目?？疾榈闹攸c(diǎn)基本是兩類：1直接，隱含否定題；2虛假否定題。隱含否定題的最大特點(diǎn)是：含意是否定的但是不出現(xiàn)任何否定詞。也就是說(shuō)，表面是肯定的，實(shí)際是否定的。對(duì)話一方提出問(wèn)題，另一方?jīng)]有直接回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而是講一個(gè)事實(shí)，通過(guò)這個(gè)事實(shí)表示否定。這類題目在考試中很常見(jiàn)。虛假否定題，尤其常見(jiàn)雙重否定。特點(diǎn)是：表面出現(xiàn)否定詞，表示否定含義，但是實(shí)際上表示肯定意思。如：not impossible=possible；cant agree more=agree。否定類題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：What does the man/woman mean?What do you understand from the manswomans answer?What do we learn from this conversation?What does the conversation tell us?Why did the man?例：AThe woman is watching an exciting film with the mallBThe woman cant take a photo of the manCThe woman is running toward the lakeDThe woman is filming the lake原文為：Man：Look, the view is fantasticCould you take a picture of me with the lake in the background?Woman：I am afraid I just ran out of film.Question：What do we learn from the conversation? ( B ) 解析：本題屬于隱含否定題。男士請(qǐng)求女士給他拍照，女士沒(méi)有正面回答，而是說(shuō)膠卷用完了。其實(shí)這表示她委婉地拒絕了男士的請(qǐng)求。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是短語(yǔ)run out of(用完，用光)。遇到因果關(guān)系類題型，基本解題步驟應(yīng)為： 分析選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)話后的提問(wèn)是否涉及分辨因果關(guān)系。雖然這類題目的特征很不明顯：大部分情況下，選項(xiàng)只是四個(gè)完整的陳述句，很難通過(guò)卷面線索來(lái)做出判斷。但也有時(shí)我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些線索如：某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)暗示出該事實(shí)能導(dǎo)致某種結(jié)果?；蚝脦讉€(gè)選項(xiàng)的事實(shí)能導(dǎo)致同一結(jié)果?？忌鷳?yīng)通過(guò)平時(shí)大量的訓(xùn)練和細(xì)致的分析爭(zhēng)取盡快地抓住一些蛛絲馬跡，做出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。 聽(tīng)音時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意提示因果關(guān)系的線索詞。并且格外注意第二個(gè)人說(shuō)的話。對(duì)話中如果出現(xiàn)了表示因果關(guān)系的提示詞，則比較容易選出正確答案。但在多數(shù)考試中，考生都需要通過(guò)理解上下文找出因果關(guān)系，從而綜合判斷。而且，由于問(wèn)題多集中在原因上，所以第二個(gè)人的答話內(nèi)容往往就是問(wèn)題所在，在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)要多加注意。5)虛擬語(yǔ)氣類題型： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣類題型是聽(tīng)力考試中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。這類題目的特點(diǎn)是：對(duì)話中有一方的話語(yǔ)中含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句。而其考點(diǎn)在于：對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而選項(xiàng)多為事實(shí)的陳述句。這類題型涉及到虛擬語(yǔ)氣的不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同表達(dá)形式，有時(shí)候虛擬條件從句還以倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)。所以聽(tīng)音上有一定難度。此外，在出題方向上，虛擬語(yǔ)氣類題型涉及的范圍也比較廣泛：包括通過(guò)虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式來(lái)考查觀點(diǎn)、看法、態(tài)度、愿望以及建議等等。虛擬語(yǔ)氣類題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：What happened to the man/woman?What can we learn from the conversation?What does the man/woman mean?What does the man/woman suggest?What is the man/woman implying?What does the second speaker mean?例：ATeaching her son by herself B. Having confidence in her sonC. Asking the teacher for extra help D. Telling her son not to worry.原文為： Woman：What would you do if you were in my place?Man：If Paul were my son I just not worry. Now his teacher is just giving him extra help and hes working hard himselfHe is sure to do well in the next examQuestion：Whats the mans suggestion to the woman? ( B )解析：本題是通過(guò)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型來(lái)委婉地表示觀點(diǎn)和看法的一類題型。女士擔(dān)心兒子的學(xué)習(xí)，但不知如何做更為妥當(dāng)，因此以虛擬語(yǔ)氣提出“如果你是我你會(huì)咋辦?”，希望男士給些建議。男士也沿用了同樣的語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)“我要是你就不擔(dān)心了，如今老師在給他加課，他自己也挺努力的，下次考試一定會(huì)考好的。”他顯然是建議女士不要過(guò)于擔(dān)心，要相信兒子會(huì)進(jìn)步的。虛擬語(yǔ)氣類題型是想測(cè)試考生對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)、用法以及它所包含的與事實(shí)相反的含義的理解。所以，考生首先必須熟練掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種表達(dá)方式：If虛擬句型、Wish虛擬句型、If only虛擬句型以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣。除了這幾種最常見(jiàn)的形式，此外還有一些不太常見(jiàn)的句型和以上形式的變體，如：She suggestedproposedadvisedmovedcommandeddemanded thatIt is his suggestionproposaladvicemotioncommanddemand thatIt is importantessentialnecessary that(should V)It is(high)time that(sbweredid)，as ifas though ，Without(your help)，(I)would，But for等。并且包含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考題中，常常有“是與非”相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)，通過(guò)對(duì)這類選項(xiàng)的分析，可以幫助考生把握聽(tīng)音時(shí)的重點(diǎn)，繼而根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表意功能，判斷正確選項(xiàng)。2.長(zhǎng)對(duì)話：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話部分是聽(tīng)力測(cè)試新增題型。錄音材料為兩人交談，對(duì)話結(jié)束后就對(duì)話內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。雖然長(zhǎng)對(duì)話部分是新增題型，但對(duì)于考生而言，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽(tīng)力練劌應(yīng)該不陌生，因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教材中一般每個(gè)單元都包括長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽(tīng)力與練習(xí)。就題型而言，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話涉及的問(wèn)題一般包括如下幾個(gè)方面：1)談話內(nèi)容 What are the speakers talking about? What is the conversation mainly about?2)說(shuō)話人關(guān)系 Whats the probable relationship between the speakers?3)對(duì)話地點(diǎn) Where does the conversation take place?4)對(duì)話細(xì)節(jié)：就對(duì)話討論中的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，可涉及原因、結(jié)果等。5)推論：根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推斷說(shuō)話人下一步如何做等。對(duì)話第一句可能就會(huì)涉及主旨，考生應(yīng)集中注意力，留心對(duì)話中表示原因、結(jié)論、決定等的內(nèi)容，注意相應(yīng)信號(hào)詞(because，so，however，but，the most important thing，personally speaking等)。應(yīng)快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)，查看選項(xiàng)類型。(1) 選項(xiàng)為不同名詞：總結(jié)名詞種類，猜測(cè)可能的問(wèn)題，留心相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。 A. Magazine B. TV C. Internet D. Newspaper 總結(jié)：四個(gè)詞語(yǔ)都表示媒體?？赡軉?wèn)題：(消息)媒體是什么?A. Sales B. Accounting C. Economy D. Technology 可能問(wèn)題：某人的專業(yè)是什么? 工作領(lǐng)域是什么? 某人對(duì)什么感興趣?A. Not sure B. Four months later C. Three months later D. A week later 可能問(wèn)題：需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間? (2) 選項(xiàng)為不定式：?jiǎn)栴}多詢問(wèn)原因或者目的。 A. To improve his social skills B. To gain more money C. To have a change D. To enjoy himself 可能問(wèn)題：Why does the manwoman do sth? (3) 選項(xiàng)涉及比較：留心聽(tīng)力錄音中涉及比較的句子，并做筆記，弄清誰(shuí)/什么，高/低， 好/壞，避免張冠李戴。 A. The longer you stay there，the less likely you will buy drugs there B. You are more likely to buy drugs if you stay there for 30 minutes C. You are more likely to buy drugs if you stay there for less than l0 minutes D. Most people just look around in the drugstore 可能問(wèn)題：哪個(gè)說(shuō)法是正確的?(4)選項(xiàng)意義對(duì)立情況： 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)意義近似，另外一個(gè)與其他截然不同，這個(gè)不同選項(xiàng)很有可能為正確選項(xiàng)。 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)樣，但意思截然相反，正確答案在這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的概率較高。3. 短文：短文聽(tīng)力比起對(duì)話部分，難度較大，包含的信息多，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)聽(tīng)不懂的詞，很多考生可能會(huì)覺(jué)得這一部分很難。但若掌握了一定的解題規(guī)律，還是能取得滿意的成績(jī)。這就需要注意以下幾部分內(nèi)容：1）瀏覽問(wèn)題，預(yù)測(cè)短文內(nèi)容 一篇短文往往出兩到三個(gè)題目。通過(guò)瀏覽問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞匯，基本可預(yù)測(cè)短文大意。假如在題中看到了以下詞語(yǔ)：Palestine，Israel，Yasser Arafat，body bomb，PLO等，大致就可預(yù)測(cè)此篇文章將是關(guān)于巴以地區(qū)沖突問(wèn)題，人體炸彈爆炸，多少人傷亡，之后何方人士講話表示譴責(zé)或辯解。用此種方式可避免聽(tīng)到不懂的單詞時(shí)的慌亂，而且更重要的是學(xué)會(huì)有的放矢，知道哪些地方該做筆記。2）抓主題句，并注意問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)順序與短文內(nèi)容基本一致 (1) 短文的主題般出現(xiàn)在每段的開(kāi)頭第一句和最末一句話，因此聽(tīng)時(shí)要特別注意。因?yàn)橹黝}往往是必考內(nèi)容。 (2) 表示文章結(jié)構(gòu)的詞。 表示并列、遞進(jìn)、例示關(guān)系的詞，如：and，also