現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)整理歸納.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解部分現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have（has）+ 過(guò)去分詞1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過(guò)衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： already （”已經(jīng)” 用于肯定句的中間和末尾處） never (“從不” 用于中間處) ever （”曾經(jīng)” 用于疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處）just (“剛剛” 用于中間處) yet (“已經(jīng)” 用于疑問(wèn)句的末尾處 / “還” 用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法 A、定義 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。 例如He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關(guān)了。 ( 動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過(guò)去但說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。) B、特點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成用法的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)因此該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如already yet beforer ecently等)、頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如never ever once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如this morning/ month /year.today等)連用。 例如 Have you found your pen yet? 你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法 A、定義 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法指的是動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 例如He has lived here since 1978. 自從1978年以來(lái)他一直住在這兒。 (動(dòng)作起始于1978年一直住到現(xiàn)在可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。 (動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于5年前一直延續(xù)至今有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。) B、特點(diǎn) 此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(由since或for引導(dǎo))或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如up to now=so far到目前為止)等。 例如I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前為止我沒(méi)有他的任何消息。 注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如comegoarriveleavejoin become等。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去。試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過(guò)去在這兒教過(guò)一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。 如 He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過(guò)桂林。(只說(shuō)明去桂林的時(shí)間) 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦) 3. 兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分 (1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞。如The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法區(qū)別一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad(國(guó)外)二、have(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如： I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。三、have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱(chēng)代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書(shū)店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)部分 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _(see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Where Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _(become) a large city. 8. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 9. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 10. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 11. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 12. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 13. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 14 They _ already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 15. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 請(qǐng)嘗試著做以下的練習(xí) 1. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 2. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 3. She _ (be) ill for three days. 4. She_ (not read) this book before. 5. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 6. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 7. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 8. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China. 11. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)一寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 repair be begin pay run send cut catch move feel get eat hold hurt learn leave lose win understand throw swim sleep study sing take wear lay二用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 5. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run” last week. - Where _ you _ (see) it?6. We _ (hold) a sports meeting next week.11. What _he _ (do) at 8:00 last night?12. Mum_ (cook) when I got home yesterday.13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. The teacher told us that the earth_ (travel) around the sun.15. _you _ (read) todays newspaper yet?16. They _already_ (do) their homework.17.- Where is Jim?- He _ (water) the flowers in the garden.19. A squirrel(松鼠)_ (hide) itself if it_ (feel) dangerous.20.-What_Tom_ (do) now?-He _ (work) on a maths problem.- _ He _ (work) it out?-No, not yet. I _ (think) he _ (work) it out soon.21. - I_ (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.22. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 23. If hunters catch a giant panda, they_ (kill) it for its fur.24. My father_ (walk) to school from time to time.25. -Why are you late again?- Sorry, I_ (not be) late next time.26. - A man named Wang Hao_ (call) you twice just now.- He is one of my old friends. I_ (not meet) him since I left for Hong Kong.27. My parents _ (return) today. Dont forget to meet them at the airport.28. -_Uncle Wang _ (repair) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _(repair) it? - Yesterday.29. -Im hungry Mum.-Hungry? You _just _ (eat) four hamburgers.30. -_you _(be) to Beijing? -Yes, I _already _(be) there twice.三翻譯句子1. 他自從去了美國(guó)以后就沒(méi)給我寫(xiě)過(guò)信。He_since_ 2. 我們足夠幸運(yùn)，可以看見(jiàn)國(guó)家的變化。We are _to see_with our eyes.3. 我原來(lái)居住的地方已變成了一個(gè)購(gòu)物中心。The place I used to live in_ 4. 我不能像以前那樣經(jīng)?？吹剿麄儭 cant see them _ 5. 這家工廠過(guò)去常常把廢棄物倒進(jìn)河里。This factory _ into the river.一、動(dòng)詞填空。 1. She _ (be) away from home for almost four years. 2. The sun _ (rise ) in the east. 3. You look tired. Stop _(work) and _(have) a rest.4. I _ ( not hear) from you for a long time. 5. My brother _(be ) to England twice. 6. Mr Green _(not come) back to China yet. 7. Who _(teach ) you math last term? 8. They _(go) to the shopping center already. 9. Listen, Xiao Li _ (sing) in the next room. 10. They _(play) football when I walked past. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。 1. I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ _ _ learned English ? 4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫(xiě)) I _ just _ a new bike. 5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three years 6. He has lived here since 1999.(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ _ he_ here? 7. They have already finished the work.變否定 They _ _ the work _. 8. My father got there two days ago.同義句 My father _ _ there for two days. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.同義句 Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 10.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ _ _ they _ the room this week? 11. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. 同義句 My father _ _ _ England _. 選擇題1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story book for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 15. Your sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago. A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? - -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D . had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days? I have to Beijing with my friends. A. beengone B. beenbeen C. gonebeen D. gonegone 34How long have you _ this book A. bought B.borrowed C. had D.lent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when B.since C.before D.after 36I have watched the game. When _you _ it ? A.havewatched B.dowatch C.didwatch D.willwatch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black? OhI _ such a beautiful city. Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice. Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to YunnanAafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40.His grandpa _ for two years. A.was died B.has been dead C.was dead D.has died 練習(xí)：I翻譯下列句子：1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過(guò)魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l嗎？2. 我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書(shū)。3. 我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。4. 他已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了。5. 你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎？6. 我哥哥還沒(méi)回來(lái)。7. 我上星期看過(guò)這部電影。8. 在1992年他住在這里。II 用過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”練習(xí)：用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month 4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left here用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since_ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I