江蘇省永豐初級(jí)中學(xué)中考英語(yǔ) 書(shū)面表達(dá)專題系列指導(dǎo).doc

書(shū)面表達(dá)專題系列指導(dǎo)一中考命題作文的基本要求1.學(xué)生要有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基本功底，對(duì)教材內(nèi)容熟悉，英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)牢固，對(duì)英語(yǔ)的書(shū)寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、詞法、語(yǔ)法、句法等都要表達(dá)正確。2.無(wú)論是寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容還是體裁都要按照命題要求。采用正確的行文格式，敘述層次要分明，結(jié)構(gòu)要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句式排練要整齊，段落過(guò)渡要自然，富有調(diào)理性。說(shuō)理性文體，要講清道理，層層遞進(jìn)，做到以理服人。3.文章內(nèi)容前后照應(yīng)，詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確到位，語(yǔ)言流暢，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，敘事完整，主題突出。二命題作文的寫(xiě)作技巧1.要認(rèn)真審題，弄清所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容，確定人稱、時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)關(guān)注題材、體裁、格式。寫(xiě)作文最重要的是先審清題目，確立要表現(xiàn)的中心。同時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)是否正確：1）故事性文章一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，其中表達(dá)感受時(shí)可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2）說(shuō)明性或議論性文章一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，舉例時(shí)可用過(guò)去時(shí)。3）根據(jù)題目要求也會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的交錯(cuò)使用，比如過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比。4）如果句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)要遵循時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，比如句中有in+時(shí)間段時(shí)，用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。4）注意句中人稱是否一致。例如：on my way home, i met a friend of mine. 5)特別要注意文章的格式是否正確，不同的文體其格式和寫(xiě)作方法是不一致的。2.找全信息點(diǎn)，緊扣主題，突出重點(diǎn)。一定要把作文題目反復(fù)讀3遍，找出所有的信息點(diǎn)（包括隱含的），并且在稿紙上列出要點(diǎn)，并把要點(diǎn)按照從主到次的順序逐一排練，動(dòng)筆時(shí)依次寫(xiě)，這樣可以做到重點(diǎn)突出，也可以根據(jù)題目的要求，適當(dāng)增加合理內(nèi)容，但是注意不能跑題或者喧賓奪主。3.成文時(shí)表述正確，文字流暢。絕不要按照漢語(yǔ)提示一一對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯出，而要使用所學(xué)表達(dá)方法把語(yǔ)意表達(dá)出來(lái)，即用所學(xué)知識(shí)將題目的要求表達(dá)出來(lái)。為了使得文章完整流暢，動(dòng)筆時(shí)首先要考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)（如主謂語(yǔ)、主系表等等），同時(shí)注意短語(yǔ)的正確使用和單詞的拼寫(xiě)，盡量使用課本上學(xué)過(guò)的詞、短語(yǔ)、句式，力求用你十拿九穩(wěn)的語(yǔ)言形式來(lái)寫(xiě)，切切不要為了賣弄水平高而使用你不大懂的語(yǔ)言形式來(lái)寫(xiě)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)該多用簡(jiǎn)單句，少用無(wú)把握的復(fù)合句。若遇到表達(dá)障礙，可以換用一種說(shuō)法，將一句變成三句，只求達(dá)意。4.寫(xiě)句子時(shí)要連貫，層次分明，切不能沒(méi)有條理。句子之間要連貫通達(dá)，特別要注意上下句的邏輯關(guān)系，適當(dāng)使用遞進(jìn)、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，使文章層次分明，過(guò)渡自然，條理明晰。寫(xiě)作文不能“腳踩西瓜皮，滑到哪里是哪里?！币话愣?，作文要分段寫(xiě)，至少要有頭、有身、有尾。作文一般要分這樣五個(gè)層次：1）開(kāi)始句2）向主體過(guò)度句 3）主體敘述 4）向結(jié)尾過(guò)度 5）結(jié)尾。第一層開(kāi)始句起著點(diǎn)題的作用，80字的作文一定要開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。也就是第一句就能讓人感覺(jué)到你將要寫(xiě)什么。但是往往是概括性地籠統(tǒng)地指出。所以往往是一句話就解決問(wèn)題。第二層往往是在第一層的基礎(chǔ)上具體指出某人或某事。第三層就這個(gè)某人或某事進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的敘述或議論或描寫(xiě)。但一般以3至4句為宜。因?yàn)橹锌甲魑牡淖謹(jǐn)?shù)是60至80字之間，字?jǐn)?shù)不足和過(guò)于超過(guò)都要扣分。所以應(yīng)該及時(shí)向結(jié)尾過(guò)渡，完成第四層，多半以談感覺(jué)為主。在主體敘述和結(jié)尾之間起著承上啟下的作用。但也應(yīng)該一句話解決問(wèn)題。過(guò)渡的梯子搭好了，也就能夠圓滑地圓滿地結(jié)尾了。結(jié)尾的一句話往往是感慨、感想、感嘆之類的句子。這樣6至8句的作文，每句平均10字左右 （每個(gè)句子的字?jǐn)?shù)根據(jù)含義的需要調(diào)整），最后寫(xiě)好的作文就應(yīng)該是在60至80字之間了。5.最后檢查修改，之后抄寫(xiě)到答題卷上。抄寫(xiě)到答題卷上前，要檢查所寫(xiě)內(nèi)容是否涵蓋了題目所要求的全部信息點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱是否一致，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否清晰，短語(yǔ)使用、單詞拼寫(xiě)是否準(zhǔn)確，段落結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，以及大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否正確，句子是否有語(yǔ)病，行文是否連貫、條理明晰等等。三、常用連接詞。1.表示時(shí)間順序的過(guò)渡詞：first of all, firstly/first, to begin with/to start with, secondly/second/and then, finally, in the end, at last. 2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：however, but ,although+從句，on the one hand,on the other hand, some.,while others, even if/even though, in spite of., as for3.表示因果關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then, thus, otherwise, for this reason, that is the reason why .4.表示舉例說(shuō)明的過(guò)渡詞：for example+句子；for instance+句子; such as+n./doing 5. .表示解釋說(shuō)明關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：in fact, actually, in this case , in other words. 6. .表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：besides, also, and, then, moreover, again, whats more.7.表示自己觀點(diǎn)的過(guò)渡詞：in my opinion, i think , i believe, i suppose. 8. .表示目的關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, to 9. 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, truly, above all, most important. 10. .表示總結(jié)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：in all, in short, in total, finally, at last, in the end, in a word, in a sentence, in conclusion, to sum up, its obvious that, there is no doubt that, everyone knows that., from the point of view.(according to point of view.).專題一 提示性作文-家庭、朋友和周圍的人相關(guān)句型：1. he is my. 2. hes very funny/calm/quiet/outgoing/confident/generous/hard-working/kind-hearted/warm-hearted3. hes of medium height( build). 4. he is short(tall) with a big(small) nose /he is short(tall) with big(small) eyes. 5. he has short(long) /curly(straight )/black(blonde) hair 6.he is helpful. he gets on( along) well with 7.he used to be,but now he is 8.his life has changed a lot in the last(past) few years/great changes have taken place in his life in recent years(over these years/for years) 9. he wants to be.when he grows up. 10. he is going to be in the future. 11.he likes(enjoys/feels like) playing the basketball./his hobby(interest) is 12.he is very strict with sb in sth. 13. he is kind/nice/friendly/good to sb. 14. he is interested in/he shows great interest in 15. my field of work is.i guess thats why im always interested in.我的工作范疇是有關(guān)。我猜這也是為何我會(huì)一直對(duì)。保持有高度興趣的原因。16. i enjoy (a certain hobby) whenever i have some free time.當(dāng)我有所空閑時(shí)比較喜歡做些（某個(gè)興趣和愛(ài)好）。17. my favorite foods/books/movies/activities to do during free time are.我最喜歡的食物/書(shū)籍/影片/最熱衷的業(yè)余活動(dòng)是。18. a long-time dream of mine has always been.一直以來(lái)我的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)理想是。19.he has a stable personality and a high sense of responsibility. 他個(gè)性穩(wěn)重、具高度責(zé)任感。20. he is energetic, fashionable , and positive with bright mind他.精力旺盛、思想新潮頭腦積極、靈活。21.描述人物外貌和性格特征的常用詞語(yǔ):good-looking（長(zhǎng)得好看的）funny-looking（長(zhǎng)相滑稽的）ugly-looking（長(zhǎng)得難看的）ordinarylooking（長(zhǎng)相一般的）white-haired（白頭發(fā)的warm-hearted（熱心腸的）kind-hearted（好心的）absent-minded（心不在焉的）bad-tempered（脾氣不好的）near-sighted（近視眼的）far-sighted（遠(yuǎn)視的）tall（個(gè)高的）short（個(gè)矮的）pretty（漂亮的）naughty（淘氣的）lovely（可愛(ài)的）easy-going（溫和寬容的smart（精明的）wise（明智的）bright（聰明的）diligent（勤奮的）lazy（懶惰的）clever（聰明的）healthy（健康的）humorous（幽默的）funny（滑稽的）silent（沉默的）attractive（有吸引力的）talkative（多話的）22.描述人物心情的常用詞語(yǔ)：sad（難過(guò)的）happy（高興的）excited（興奮的）pleased（高興的）satisfied（滿意的）angry（生氣的）worried（擔(dān)心的）disappointed（失望的）terrified（恐懼的）friendly（友好的）anxious（焦慮的）curious（好奇的）范文：my grandfather(我的爺爺) my grandfather is in his seventies now. he is a kind and warm-hearted old man.he used to live with my family. at that time he always spent more than one hour examining my homework every day. when i was ill, he took good care of me. he showed great concern.grandfather is very warm-hearted to his neighbors and is always ready to help them.one day, a girl who is one of his neighbors injured her leg carelessly. my grandfather took her to the hospital at once and paid the fees with his own savings.now my grandfather is living in another city with my aunt. my parents and i all miss him very much. and i hope that i can go to visit him soon.我姥爺70多歲了，他是一位和藹、熱心的老人。他過(guò)去和我們一起住。那段日子里，他每天都花一個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間檢查我的功課。在我生病時(shí)，細(xì)心照料我。他非常疼愛(ài)我。姥爺對(duì)鄰居們也很熱心，總是樂(lè)于助人。一天，鄰居家的女孩不慎摔傷了腿，姥爺馬上帶她到醫(yī)院去，并用自己的積蓄幫她支付藥費(fèi)?，F(xiàn)在姥爺和我阿姨一起住在另一個(gè)城市。我和爸爸媽媽都很想他。我希望不久就能見(jiàn)到他。作文練習(xí)一 :親愛(ài)的同學(xué)，你即將初中畢業(yè)了，在這三年的學(xué)習(xí)生活中 ，你一定結(jié)交了許多好朋友。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，介紹你的一位好朋友li lei。 要點(diǎn)如下：*他樂(lè)于助人，性格外向，興趣廣泛。* 他成績(jī)優(yōu)秀，經(jīng)常在學(xué)習(xí)上幫助我，*我準(zhǔn)備送一個(gè)。以表達(dá)感謝*我對(duì)他的祝福和希望。注意： 詞數(shù)80100，開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)為你寫(xiě)好，但不計(jì)詞數(shù)；短文必須包括所有要點(diǎn)，不要逐詞逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)或發(fā)揮，文章中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)校名、人名等相關(guān)信息。 we are graduating from school soon. i miss so many good friends, especially my best friend-li lei. 專題二 興趣、愛(ài)好重點(diǎn)句型：（1）i want to join theclub. （2）i like action movies and thrillers, but i dont like soup opera.（3）i like music that i can dance to. （4）ann likes music thats quiet and gentle. （5）we prefer music that has good lyrics. （6） my hobby is swimming, so i often go swimming on weekends. （7）im interested in( /im good at) playing the guitar because it is good for me. （8）i really enjoy playing computer games, but i have a lot of homework. so i have to spend much time doing my homework and reading some books. （9）im willing to help my mother do some cleaning. i really feel very tired, but its good for me to understand my parents. （10）i used to play soccer with my good friends after class every day, but now i hardly ever play soccer or do other sports. my parents think my hobby takes me a lot of time. （11）my favourite is（12）i likebest. （13）i prefer（13）i would rather do than do（14）我非常喜歡電影、音樂(lè)和書(shū)籍，當(dāng)然，還有運(yùn)動(dòng)，比如羽毛球、跳繩等，我覺(jué)得電影讓我間接的經(jīng)歷了一些人生，音樂(lè)帶給我非常美妙的感觀和心理享受，而書(shū)籍，則給了我非常多的指導(dǎo)。i like film, music and books very much. i also like sports, such as playing badminton，rope skipping and so on. i think that the film makes me experience the life indirectly , the music brings me very good feeling of enjoyment, while the books give me much guidance/instruction/help. （15）do you have any hobbies? 你有什么愛(ài)好嗎？/what are you interested in? 你對(duì)什么比較感興趣？/what are your interests? 你的愛(ài)好是什么？/what do you do in your spare time? 空閑時(shí)間你干什么？i am a michael jordan fan. 我是邁克爾喬丹迷。/do you go on picnics