遠(yuǎn)方的呼喚-淺析《月亮與六便士》.doc

畢業(yè)論文題目：遠(yuǎn)方的呼喚-淺析月亮與六便士Title:The Call from Afar-An Analysis of the Moon and Sixpence2009年5月20日AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, my appreciation goes to my affectionate parents, and the rest of my family. Throughout the development of this paper, they have been there always giving me continuous support, encouragement and understanding. Their love and support encourage me to pursue progress all the time.I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to all other teachers who gave me lectures during the past three academic years. I have benefited so much not only from their courses and lectures but also from their constant encouragement. My deepest gratitude and respect go to my supervisor, Zhang Qian. It is for her constant encouragement, critical instructions, her great care and precious advice and suggestions that this paper appears in the present form.Finally, thank the teachers to read this paper, thank you very much!Abstract The Moon and Sixpence is a short novel by William Somerset Maugham based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin. The story is told in episodic form by the first-person narrator as a series of glimpses into the mind and soul of the central character, Charles Strickland, a middle aged English stock broker who abandons his wife and children abruptly in order to pursue his desire to become an artist. The inspiration for this story, Gauguin, is considered to be the founder of primitivism in art. The narrator of the Moon and Sixpence has no choice but to speculate, interpret, and judge because he is attempting to do the impossible. Stricklands story cannot be told because his achievements cannot be translated into the language of civilized society. Somerset Maugham knows-and shows-what the narrator cannot see, that biography itself is impossible when its subject is a man of genius. In this theme, it hopes to analyze the Moon and sixpence and other western literary theory for further study, and also to enable more Chinese readers have a strong interest in western literature.Key words: Maugham; Guguin; the fist-person narrator; Strickland; western literary theory摘要月亮與六便士是英國(guó)著名作家毛姆以畫家保羅高根的生活經(jīng)歷為基礎(chǔ)寫一部短篇小說。故事采用了第一人稱手法通過一系描述來進(jìn)入主人公內(nèi)心思維和靈魂深處，查爾斯思特里克蘭德，一位中年英國(guó)股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人有一天突然為了追求成為藝術(shù)家而拋棄他的妻子和孩子，這個(gè)故事的靈感來自法國(guó)著名的印象派畫家高根，一個(gè)被認(rèn)為是原始藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)始人。小說的闡述者別無選擇只能猜測(cè)，了解和判斷，因?yàn)樗噲D做這不可能的事。思特里克蘭德的故事不能直接說出來，因?yàn)樗某删筒荒鼙环g進(jìn)語言的“文明”社會(huì)。當(dāng)其主題是一個(gè)“天才”男人時(shí)這本身就是一部不可能的傳記，毛姆知道并且顯示出闡述者所看不到的。本選題本著學(xué)習(xí)研究的目的，希望對(duì)以后分析月亮與六便士以及其他的西方文學(xué)理論研究有所幫助,也使得更多的中國(guó)讀者對(duì)西方文學(xué)產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣。關(guān)鍵詞：毛姆；高根；第一人稱；思特里克蘭德；西方文學(xué) ContentsIntroduction.1Chapter I. Literature reviews.3 1.1 Western scholars reviews.3 1.2 Eastern scholars reviews5Chapter II. About the author6 2.1 Somerset Maughams life.7 2.2 Somerset Maughams works7Chapter III. About the novel8 3.1 Plot summary.93.2 Influence of the Moon and Sixpence.10Chapter IV. Analysis of the novel11 4.1 Analysis of the character.11 4.2 Analysis of the plot.13Conclusion.16Bibliography17IntroductionThe Moon and Sixpence (1919) is a short novel by William Somerset Maugham based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin. The story is told in episodic form by the first-person narrator as a series of glimpses into the mind and soul of the central character, Charles Strickland, a middle aged English stock broker who abandons his wife and children abruptly in order to pursue his desire to become an artist.Strickland first goes to Paris and lives a destitute but defiantly content life there as an artist, lodging in run-down hotels and falling prey to both illness and hunger. Strickland cares nothing for physical comfort, but is generously supported by a commercially successful yet unexceptional Dutch painter, Dirk Stroeve, who immediately recognizes Stricklands genius. After helping Strickland recover from a life-threatening condition, Stroeve is repaid by having his wife abandon him for Strickland. Strickland later discards the wife, who then commits suicide - yet another human casualty in Stricklands single-minded pursuit of Art and Beauty. After the Paris episode, the story continues in Tahiti. Strickland has already died, and the narrator attempts to piece together his life there from the recollections of others. He finds that Strickland had taken up with a native woman and started painting profusely. We learn that Strickland had settled for a short while in the French port of Marseilles before traveling to Tahiti, where he lived for a few years before finally dying of leprosy. Strickland left behind numerous paintings, but his magnum opus, which he painted on the walls of his hut in a half-crazed state of leprosy-induced blindness, was burnt down after his death by his wife under his orders. The inspiration for this story, Gauguin, is considered to be the founder of primitivism in art. The main differences between Gauguin and Strickland are that Gauguin was French rather than English, and whilst Maugham describes the character of Strickland as being ignorant of his contemporaries in Modern art, Gauguin himself was well acquainted with Van Gogh. How many of the details of the story are based on fact is not known. However, Maugham had visited the place where Gauguin lived in Tahiti, and purchased some glass panels painted by Gauguin in his final days. The book was filmed by Albert Lewin in 1943. According to some sources, the title, the meaning of which is not explicitly revealed in the book, was taken from a review of Of Human Bondage in which the novels protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet. Presumably Stricklands moon is the idealistic realm of Art and Beauty, while the sixpence represents human relationships and the ordinary pleasures of life.Chapter I. Literature reviewsManufacture of myth is human nature. Of those outstanding figures, if they have any life or puzzled by surprising events, people will go hungry to seize and fabricate a variety of myths, but no doubt, almost fanatical. This can be said to be bleak romanticism of the extraordinary life of a form of protest,legendary story of some small way to become immortal realm of heros most reliable passport.From Somerset Maugham to write the moon and six pence in the academic community since caused a great sensation on its comments on the analysis of all kinds are at home and abroad. I think Estern scholars with Western scholars in the concept has a very different, of course, this is merely a benevolent see benevolence wise men see the issue of moses.A great work is always along with the inevitable advent of numerous evaluation and analysis. Now I will list the Eatern and Western two different academic perspectives plus summary and analysis to demonstrate to the reader friends.Lets find that what is calling from afar. 1.1 Western scholars reviewsSometimes a person is already living off the status he enjoys a certain period, he entered a strange new century, this time people will see a piece of human comedy in the most unusual picture. For example, today, who would have thought George Hleb (English poet ,1754-1832) ? In that era of his life, he was renowned at that time all the people unanimously agree that he is a great talent, it will become very complicated in todays modern life is a very rare thing. An artist - a painter or poet or musician, used his noble or beautiful works decorate the world, and meet peoples aesthetic sense, but also with the human sexual instinct is not without similar places, has its rough violent side. In the works devoted to the world at the same time, artists are also great to put his personal can show to your eyes. An artist to explore the secret of reading detective stories quite charming enthusiasm, this mystery with a very similar nature, its beauty lies in the fact can not find the answer.A contemporary painter, painting of Charles Strickland comments, the Royal Irish Academy Member Lekater Edwards, and in 1977 published by Martin Sacarl.Dr. Charles Roth Holz (Univ Edinburgh UK) is a zealous admirer of Strickland , if he wanted to whitewash Strickland stewart would not have anything dangerous. However, his sharp eyes and saw straight through innocence implicit in some of the acts of despicable motives.,he is an art researcher, but also a psychological - pathologist. His Excellent knowledge of a persons subconscious. No exploration of the secret hearts of people to like him to see things through a more profound significance. Explore the secret heart of the people can see the bad language to express things, psychological pathologists should not have seen the expression of the fundamental things. We can see that the deep knowledge of how a writer eager to search out everything so that the heroes trivial details of a disgrace really is lovely planning. He as religious court judge as infidels very happy. He wrote this article kind of hard to seriously kick it really is astonishing. No small pieces of things were left out of him ,this point the readers are totally reassuring.Combination of many on “the moon and six pence” of the West article, it is not difficult to find Western scholars for the novels focus on the psychological portrait of the character description,They think: the origin of humanitys most faithful from the soul of the original call of nature, the soul is bound to return to the paradise world of experience required. Very clear, from the Romantic literature materials found in a lot of evidence, Stricklands character, there are a lot of ridiculous eccentricity, his tragic fate of many another miserable experience. After a period of time, from the evolution of a series of things have given rise to a myth, a wise historian of this myth will not rashly oppose.1.2 Eastern scholars reviewsIts different with Western scholars, Eastern scholars pay more attention to the plot of the novel framework for the development and stylistic analysis. Through the plot of the novel to explore the author to express the central idea. In the moon and six pence which reflects the process of the pursuit of the spiritual world, this is the Oriental scholars pay more attention to the object of study.The English Maupassant Maugham is a controversial author in British literary history. His status in literature world never caught up with the first raters, but that does not weaken his popularity all over the world. The famous critic Glenway Wescott once predicted that no novelist of 20th century could have so many readers as Maugham would in the 21st century. Among Maughams works, long novel is an area less discussed than his plays and short stories.Dingxia(Zhengzhou University) used the spirit of analysis and analytic feminist point of view, the Moon and Sixpence in the heros run away. In the eyes of a careful observer, and then the surface appears to be inadvertent works can show a persons secret inner world. In-depth analysis,Dingxia found that the moon and six pence value not merely in its prototype - the high is more because the main character- Strickland is not just Stewart Maugham shaping another alternative figures, He is actually a portrayal of Maugham himself.Dr.Guhong(Zhejiang Ocean University) said: The Moon and Sixpence reveals the human pursuit of freedom and the contradiction between social reality. Heroine who can not give up the six pence and the illusory pursuit of The Moon, highlights the reality and the ideal of the contradictions and conflicts, showing gross el contradiction of human nature and the meaning of the complexity of lifes profound exploration.Conflicts Between Ideality And Reality-Review on The Theme of Maughams The Moon and Sixpence, Guhong, Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Humane Science).In China, some people say he is a genius, some people have also said that he is the villain, Chinese scholars think this is a kind of Return to Nature Pattern. On the Chinese people are well-known of Maughams three major novels: human bondage, The moon and six pence and blade in through the main character tend to give up the life of society and strive to be close to nature to come out of their plight, therefore, to“return to nature” Living the simple model is Maugham to different situations in the spirit of the crisis out with a prescription. Despite the spirit of the 20th century, Somerset Maugham solve crisis with illusory idealism composition and color, but we can still puzzled him in the modern the road to find a way out of the spirit of recovery efforts to gain some insights.Chapter II. About the authorThis chapter，I will detail all the information on the author, I hope to give readers a vivid display of the Somerset Maugham. William Somerset Maughams mini fileBorn25 January 1874(1874-01-25)Paris, FranceDied16 December 1965 (aged91)Nice, FranceOccupationPlaywright, Novelist, Short Story writerEducationandMarriage KingsSchool,Canterbury,1885-1889ThomassHospital,London,1892-1897Married with Gwendolyn Syrie Barnardo ,May 26,1917:one child2.1 Somerset Maughams life William Somerset Maugham was born in 1874 and lived in Paris until he was ten years old. He was educated at The Kings School, Canterbury,and at Heidelberg University. He later walked the wards of St.Tomass Hospital with a view to practicing medicine, but when he had qualified, the success of his first novel, Liza of Lambeth(1897), won him over to letter.Some of his hospital experience is reflected in the story, as well as in his later masterpiece, Of Human Bondage(1915), with the Moon and Sixpence(1919) and Cakes and Ale(1930), his reputation as a novelist was further enhanced.Acelebrity by the age of thirty-three, when he became one of the most successful playwrights on the London stage, Maughams Edwardian comedy Lady Frederick, his first hit then after the First World War. At one point Maugham had four plays running at the same time in Londons West End.His theatre career ended with Sheppey(1933). His fame as a short-story writer began in 1921 with the Trembling of a leaf, subtitled Litter Stories of the South Sea Islands, which contained “Rain”. After initial magazine publication of each story he wrote, there were ten more collections. Somerset Maughams general On a Chinese Screen(1922)and Don Fernando(1935), eaasys,criticism,and the self-revealing the Summing Up(1938)and a Writers Notebook(1949).He traveled widely in the Far East and throughout Europe. His permanent home since before the Second World War was on the French Riviera, which he vacated temporarily in 1940. He became Companion of Honor in 1954 and he died in 1965.2.2 Somerset Maughams worksIn 1897 Maughams first novel Liza of Lambeth was published. He was off for a year to Spain, spending most of his time in Seville, but by his own words I amused myself hugely and wrote a bad novel.-from A Fragment of Autobiography, the Magician (1908). the Land of the Blessed Virgin; Sketches and Impressions in Andalusia was published in 1905. Other works published around this time include the Hero (1901), Mrs. Craddock (1902), the Merry-Go-Round (1904), the Explorer (1907), the Moon and Sixpence (1919), the Trembling of a Leaf (1921), and the Painted Veil (1925).Back in London, Maugham continued to write, his first drama, A Man of Honour (1903) earned him notice with Londons intelligentsia; Among his almost two-dozens plays are Lady Frederick (1907), Jack Straw (1912), the Unknown (1920), the Circle (1921), Our Betters (1923), the Constant Wife (1927) and Sheppey (1933).Maugham decided to move permanently to the French Riviera in 1928. He bought the Villa Mauresque at Cap Ferrat and continued to entertain guests and write. In his later years he wrote numerous essays and short stories, further publications including Cakes and Ale (1930), the Narrow Corner (1932), Don Fernando (1935), the Summing Up (1938), Up At The Villa (1941), the Razors Edge (1944), Then And Now (1946), Creatures of Circumstance (1947), Catalina (1948), and the Art of Fiction: an Introduction to Ten Novels and Their Authors (1955). Chapter III. About the novelThis novel is a short novel by William Somerset Maugham based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin. The story is told in episodic form by the first-person narrator as a series of glimpses into the mind and soul of the central character, Charles Strickland, a middle aged English stock broker who abandons his wife and children abruptly in order to pursue his desire to become an artist.Maugham Commentaried for the Moon and Sixpence, the meaning of the title: Some young people only see the sky when the moon, never fail to see that six pence. Now, we can still see the moon, but we are standing on the ground looking up into the moonlight. And when our love is not a time for vision and imagination, but found the reality of the moon is shining bright. Only talk about our lives we had so many happy, but at that time but never feel happy, then the most important point: in the new life must be able to let himself happy.About this novels plot summary and influence, I will display in detail for the everybody in this chapter.3.1 Plot summaryCharles Strickland, a middle aged English stock broker who abandons his wife and children abruptly in order to pursue his desire to become an artist. Mrs. Strickland was a model mother, but her husband seemed bored with her and with his children.Strickland first goes to Paris and lives a destitute b