寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)導(dǎo)練1.doc

寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)導(dǎo)練1：句子成分句子主要成分：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 寫(xiě)作離不開(kāi)句子，要寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)的句子，首先要了解英語(yǔ)的句子由哪些成分構(gòu)成，能充當(dāng)這些成分的各是什么詞。 句子的組成部分分為：主語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)、一賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，其中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其它成分可根據(jù)具體的句子加以選擇。本單元復(fù)習(xí)句子的主要成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。一、主語(yǔ)句子的主體，表示句子所說(shuō)的是誰(shuí)或是什么。練習(xí)請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)并指出什么（詞、短語(yǔ)或句子）可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。1. The boy comes from America.2. He usually goes to school alone.3. Learning English is very important.4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5. That he won the prize excited everyone.6. It is important for us to. have our dreams.7. It is obvious that he was wrong.8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.歸納主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、，或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)（包括、還有）。另外，當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)為、或時(shí)，主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)，為使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。二、謂語(yǔ) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征；由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)；除了倒裝等特殊情況外，謂語(yǔ)總是位于主語(yǔ)的后面，即：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。 【注意】謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要一致。練習(xí) 請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)并指出謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式？1. His parents are teachers.2. The sun rises in the east.3. We have finished reading the book.4.l You ought to work harder.5. I felt cold.6. He doesnt like music.三、賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、賓格代詞，或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)（包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語(yǔ)從句）。練習(xí)請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)并指出充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的詞（名詞、賓格代詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)從句？）1. He has never met her in person.2. She handed him a book.3. He likes to play basketball.4. We enjoy listening to music.5. She said that she felt sick.6. They sent the injured to hospital.7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer.8. We consider it no good getting up late.9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.注意：當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ)為_(kāi) 或時(shí)，常用形式賓語(yǔ)it，以保持句子的平衡。綜合練習(xí)分析下列句子，請(qǐng)找出其中的主語(yǔ)（下劃單橫線）、謂語(yǔ)（下劃雙橫線）和賓語(yǔ)（下劃波浪線）。1. The boy comes from America.2. He found it no use trying to persuade her.3. To be a teacher is my dream.4. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5. Many changes took place in my home town.6. Id like to swim this afternoon.7. It is a pity that he missed the film.8. He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9. She understood what he said finally.10. He told me that the lecture was a failure.11. The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.12. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.一、1. The boy，名詞 2. He，代詞 3. Learning English，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 4. To teach him a lesson，不定式短語(yǔ) 5. That he won the prize，主語(yǔ)從句 6. it形式主語(yǔ)to have our dreams不定式短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ) 7. it形式主語(yǔ)，that he was wrong主語(yǔ)從句作真正主語(yǔ) 8. it形式主語(yǔ)，crying over spilt milk動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ) 歸納：主格代詞（1, she等）；不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句二、1. are teachers，系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) 2. rises,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 3. have finished，助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 4. ought to work，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十動(dòng)詞的原形 5. felt cold，連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) 6. doesnt like，助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的原形三、1. her，賓格代詞 2. him，賓格代詞作間接賓語(yǔ)，a book名詞作直接賓語(yǔ) 3. to play basketball，不定式短語(yǔ) 4. listening to music，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 5. that she felt sick，賓語(yǔ)從句 6. the injured，名詞化的形容詞 7. it形式賓語(yǔ)，to believe her any longer. 不定式短語(yǔ)作真正賓語(yǔ)8. it形式賓語(yǔ)，getting up late動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作真正賓語(yǔ)9. it形式賓語(yǔ)，that he should have done that. 賓語(yǔ)從句作真正賓語(yǔ) 注意：不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句綜合練習(xí)1. The boy comes from America.2. He found it no use trying to persuade her.3. To be a teacher is my dream.d. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5. Many changes took place in my home town.6. Id like to swim this afternoon.7. It is 7M pity that he missed the film.8. He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9. She understood what he said finally.10. What he told me was that