醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語經(jīng)驗(yàn)及作文技巧.doc

全國醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語考試新的心得1.首先，考試要找到感覺，最好要做幾套題 ，尤其是考前一個(gè)月要做幾套題，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，分析得失！2.如果時(shí)間充分，詞匯量的提高擴(kuò)展很重要，因?yàn)檫@與單詞和閱讀都相關(guān)，建議看托福詞匯！3.考試前模擬考試過程！一定要分配好時(shí)間，考場上常有考生交卷時(shí)還沒有涂完答題卡！4.聽力、作文非常重要！一定下功夫搞好！半壁江山！ 大家都知道聽力最快的提高法，就是多聽，最好的提高法，就是邊聽邊默寫。建議聽托福真題聽力，做完題反復(fù)聽，我備考時(shí)耳朵上一直掛著托福聽力MP3，考場上一定要聚精會(huì)神聽錄音內(nèi)容，有些題目其實(shí)很簡單！ 很多學(xué)校是采用，放錄音機(jī)或在階梯大教室從大音箱里播放英語聽力，其語音清晰度比我們平時(shí)多采用的耳機(jī)聽英語要差很多，所以平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)音響、錄音機(jī)播放英語聽力的練習(xí)，有些考生平時(shí)沒有這方面練習(xí)者，不適應(yīng)，因此聽力丟分不少，聽力為英語考試的第一部分且占30分的高分，如考不好直接影響到繼續(xù)考下去的信心、情緒、發(fā)揮及成績，有些就產(chǎn)生了放棄的心理。5.平時(shí)考聽力多有預(yù)讀題干及選項(xiàng)的習(xí)慣。6.有多余的時(shí)間（考高分最好有這時(shí)間），建議聽聽歷年TOEFL考試聽力，非常有用，沒準(zhǔn)兒還出現(xiàn)原題。7.真題最有用！分析歷年真題題目最可靠！蔣躍的模擬題和聽力也有用，反復(fù)做題也是熟悉題型和掌握知識(shí)的好方法。8.考前一定要在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)寫幾篇作文：作文，只要復(fù)習(xí)充分都能考高分，大家復(fù)習(xí)一定要趁早，開始多抄寫一些范文，最重要的一點(diǎn)，字跡一定要清晰。作文就是個(gè)框子，往里套就行，平常讀文獻(xiàn)時(shí)如果看到好的abstract，往往寫的又好又簡練，多多學(xué)習(xí)！9.詞匯部分占的比例少，千萬別專門去背單詞，做完往屆的題把不會(huì)的詞記牢，其實(shí)考博英語詞匯經(jīng)常重復(fù)，另外，詞匯還需要拓展，在閱讀中會(huì)體會(huì)到。10.閱讀，除了真題之外我還做過很多其他輔導(dǎo)書的題，覺得用處不大，做真題就可以了，但如果真的要提高英語閱讀，光做題也不夠，拓展是非常必要的。向大家推薦Scientific American和Nature等高級(jí)科普、專業(yè)雜志。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀多了就非常有用，對(duì)詞匯和聽力也有很大幫助。這就是我的一點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了，希望對(duì)大家有點(diǎn)幫助！附 原創(chuàng)作文策略總結(jié)一、原則與要求：不直譯原文，抓主要論點(diǎn)，果斷舍棄次要內(nèi)容，突出新點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)清晰,主要寫中長句子！25個(gè)長句！不寫或少寫短句！1215句話。二、摘要的結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作大綱 推薦結(jié)構(gòu) 1 導(dǎo)言段 2正文段 （正反兩方面） 3 結(jié)論段 保守結(jié)構(gòu) 1原文結(jié)構(gòu) 2原文要點(diǎn) 3 無結(jié)論點(diǎn)睛1.文章分段; 2.充分利用標(biāo)題;3.段段都有主題句;4末句重復(fù)主題句（首尾呼應(yīng)）三、三種類型如何做how to do；描寫議論whats it and why is it so；綜合型what and how to do常用句式：記住what， how ，why寫作思路，以及正反兩方面分別論述！ 如果涉及到使用主語是可用the author/essay , 不用第一人稱 my 、me、I等！四、考場寫作技巧劃線，劃出實(shí)質(zhì)性，實(shí)詞性句子。翻譯標(biāo)題，有標(biāo)題就譯，充分引用標(biāo)題（標(biāo)題嵌入首段的末句），沒有標(biāo)題不能加。三段式，導(dǎo)言+正文+結(jié)論，不用第一人稱，注意客觀性?；蛘甙丛囊c(diǎn)格式！主題句，段段都有，復(fù)合句不宜太短。規(guī)范主題句，結(jié)論有標(biāo)志。末尾重復(fù)標(biāo)題，首尾呼應(yīng)。起草摘要，切忌照抄或逐字翻譯，要用自己的語言，擺脫原文束縛，達(dá)到摘要的目的。整理修改，使文章簡練，同時(shí)使用連接詞，使文章具有連貫性和統(tǒng)一性。五、寫作中幾個(gè)禁忌1.逐字翻譯;2.引用過細(xì)，例子、數(shù)字、人名、地名等;3.引用故事，原話（除非故事占大部分內(nèi)容）;4.被原文牽著鼻子走。5.使用原文意以外的稱呼或個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)！？六、摘要文章的框架：內(nèi)容為醫(yī)學(xué)科普文章，時(shí)間和字?jǐn)?shù)：50分鐘；約200詞，一般是幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)就可分幾個(gè)小段落，大約是12-15個(gè)句子左右。七、背誦模版：This essay focus on the topic of that . However，why did happen? what should be done to?With the speedup of/increasing , /Now an increasing number of people come to realize that It is said that/Accumulated data have indicated that結(jié)尾總結(jié)回應(yīng)主題Taking into account all the factors listed above, the author/paper reaches the conclusion /suggests that concerted efforts should be made to；have access to醫(yī)學(xué)考博寫作常用核心關(guān)鍵詞匯1.人畜共患病zoonosisanthropozoonosis.人獸共患病，霍亂（傳染?。ヽholera，acute gastroenteritis；aloe lu n. 蘆薈, 蘆薈葉汁 2.蟲媒insect pollination，entomophil；蟲媒傳染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease：vector-borne infectious diseases：malaria,dengue fever, schistosomiasis，and viral encephalitis/yellow fever瘧疾、登革熱、血吸蟲病；腎病綜合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome；3.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血熱；arthropod-borne virus encephalitis 節(jié)肢動(dòng)物傳播的病毒性腦炎；4.爆發(fā)流行：break out, burst out,explode; an epidemic outbreak of，outburst ,explosion5.傳染：infect/infection/ infectious,catching,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； communicable可傳達(dá)的, 會(huì)傳染的，醫(yī) 有傳染性的; communicative a. 健談的, 愛說話的, 交際的6.傳播途徑route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission7.傳播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation 8.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 9.福祉 well-being, happiness；衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile10.sensual肉欲的, 色情的, 世俗的, 感官的, 感覺論的 11.from bad to worse每況愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent膿的,化膿的 doctor-patient communicationcommunication between doctors and patients；history, complain of, complaint, examine；Sanlu scandal三鹿事件； food safety/security；12.嬰幼兒保健the baby and child /Infant health care13.Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.做最好的打算，最壞的準(zhǔn)備。14.下降、減少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; 16.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; 抗氧化藥物和食品 anti-oxidation drugs and foods;AIDs;抗抑郁藥物 anti-depression drugs;人工心臟 artificial heart; 公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件public health emergencies; 應(yīng)急反應(yīng) immediate response to;關(guān)注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) peoples livelihood/well-being;城鄉(xiāng)衛(wèi)生體系urban-rural medical and health system17.預(yù)防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服務(wù)體系service system；講究衛(wèi)生pay attention to hygiene；個(gè)人和環(huán)境衛(wèi)生personal and environmental hygiene18.孝敬的filial piety filial piety to，treat their parents with filial respect19.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加飲食；tuna金槍魚(肉), 金槍仙人掌；green beans青豆,綠蠶豆；kidney bean四季豆；mung bean 綠豆preventive initiatives=preventive measures預(yù)防的措施20.a flash in the pan 曇花一現(xiàn)，曇花一現(xiàn)的人物，一時(shí)的成功 21.過勞死 karoshi; death from overwork 22.長期以來 for a long time ; over the years22.養(yǎng)生preserve ones health; nourishing of life; keep in good health23.更年期和老年期婦女衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)health care services for peri-menopausal and old women；hygienic health care of menopausal women24.承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任：assume the primary responsibility for25.分類 be divided intofall into three categoriesbe grouped according to their origin, into three classes.be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.26.國際護(hù)士協(xié)會(huì)(ICN=international council of nurses)；基本職責(zé)=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；基本原則fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle; 27.抗旱能力drought resistance capacity；cold resistance capacity抗寒能力28.激烈運(yùn)動(dòng)strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；月經(jīng)期menstrual period 29.生活的節(jié)奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace30.民眾the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; 31.大規(guī)模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak32.死亡人數(shù)death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying fromThe death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning. How much is the death toll? 死亡人數(shù)是多少？33.歸結(jié)為 boil down to；come down to；歸因?yàn)?歸功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute to、oweto; 歸咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blameon、ascribe or attribute to、impute to。34.etiquette禮儀，禮節(jié)；差距/差別程度difference，disparity，gap35.解密decode，decipher, decrypt, disclocse；旗鼓相當(dāng)/勢(shì)均力敵：well-matched adversaries /rivals; 旗鼓相當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)手/勁敵：a foe/rival /an enemy /an opponent worthy of ones steel；dingdong fight 勢(shì)均力敵的比賽；旗鼓相當(dāng)?shù)膽?zhàn)爭。36.dingdong did n. 叮當(dāng)聲, 叮咚聲a. (非正式)(比賽)雙方不相上下的, ad.起勁地37.基因芯片genechip，又稱DNAchip 或 cDNA 微矩陣列cDNAMicroarray 38.inhale 吸入，吸氣；exhale呼出，呼氣；無生命的,非生物的abiological/abiotic, non-living things; insular 海島的，狹隘的; 固定不變的changeless, steadfast.39.大規(guī)模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；40.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; 因果關(guān)系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;孤立現(xiàn)象an isolated phenomenon；復(fù)雜的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；極端復(fù)雜性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。41. board of directors 理事會(huì)，董事會(huì)；A board or council董事會(huì)或理事會(huì)Administrative/administration Leadership and Business Management make a Branch of Science. 行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作和業(yè)務(wù)管理工作是一門科學(xué)。42. 獲得認(rèn)證be certified /has been certificated, gain/earn approval certification43. 后勤部門 rear-service department; logistics department；back office；department of support services；膳食科dietary division；人事科personnel office/egrate (v.) 結(jié)合，整合，集于一體incorporate45.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) endowment insurance；退休養(yǎng)老金retirement pension；Health Care Reform醫(yī)療改革 46. 潮濕的環(huán)境humid environment/moist situations; 慢性鉛中毒chronic lead poisoning; 意外事故fortuitous accidents=unforeseen event or circumstance=an accident=contingency意外事件;娛樂活動(dòng)：recreational activities ,recreation，entertainment，leisure activities，amusement 47.建立基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，提高全民健康水平。Establish /set up a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation. 48. H1N1 Flu 寫作中需要的詞匯包括：H1N1 virus, communicable (transmittable, contagious, infectious), susceptible, infect, symptoms, latent (latency), communicable period, acute, respiratory diseases, high-risk population ，nationwide/worldwide; It is latent for 1 to 7 d