賓語從句及動詞不定式講解.doc

賓語從句如何區(qū)分賓語從句？They know the teacher. 主語 謂語 賓語They know the teacher is a man . 主語 謂語 賓語從句 句子做賓語就是賓語從句。賓語從句在復(fù)合句中做主句的賓語1. 時(shí)態(tài)一致:1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要,采用任何一種時(shí)態(tài). 例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow. I know that man lived here five years ago. 2)當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí),從句也應(yīng)該采用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)形式與之相對應(yīng).例如: He thought the train was like a big moving party. （從句為一般過去時(shí)） He said he was going to take care of the child. （從句為過去將來時(shí)） He said he had never seen the film. (在這句中，從句為過去完成時(shí))但當(dāng)從句所陳述的是客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理,從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.2. 引導(dǎo)詞: 1)當(dāng)賓語從句由陳述句 充當(dāng)時(shí),由that引導(dǎo),在口語或非正式文體中可以省略.例如:I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane. 2) 當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句 充當(dāng)時(shí),由if或whether引導(dǎo),作“是否”解。例如: Is his name John? / Could you tell me? Could you tell me if /whether his name is John?Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know.Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.3) 當(dāng)賓語從句由特殊疑問句 充當(dāng)時(shí),特殊疑問詞就是引導(dǎo)詞,例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves?3.語序: 1)當(dāng)賓語從句由陳述句 充當(dāng)時(shí),保持原來的語序, 即陳述句語序.例如: 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”= She said she would leave a message on the desk. He said (that )the fastest way to travel was by plane .2) 當(dāng)賓語從句由疑問句(包括一般疑問句和特殊疑問句)充當(dāng)時(shí),除引導(dǎo)詞外, 此后變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序.例如:即If / whether +主語+ 謂語部分或疑問詞主語謂語部分Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. =I asked him where the tickets were.I dont know if/whether he could answer the question.Please tell me who(whom) I will meet tomorrow. 4.賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分： eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”，整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動詞dont know的賓語。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達(dá)。 判斷方法： 1、可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”， 充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候” ( ) Were not sure if it _ tomorrow.If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.（2004年青海西寧）A.will snow；snows B.will snow；will snowC.snows；snows D.snows；will snow5. 賓語從句在一定條件下，可以簡化為“特殊疑問詞+不定式”、“it +形容詞+不定式短語”1）I dont know what I should do with the letter.（改為簡單句）（2005年山東煙臺）I dont know what _ _ with the letter.2）Can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital? (改為賓語從句)Can you tell me how _ _ _ _ the nearest hospital?3）I think it is very important to study English well. I think _ _ to study English well. 賓語從句習(xí)題（ ）1.Could you tell me _?A if he would come tomorrow B will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrow D If he comes tomorrow（ ）2.Could you tell me _?A where is the part ? B whos on duty ?C whose book is this ? D what are they doing ?（ ）3. I want to know _. A. which house does your sister live B. which houses does his uncle live in C. which house his uncle lives D. which house his uncle lives in （ ）4. Father told us that they _ on a field trip. A. will go B. are going C. have gone D. were going（ ）5. I want to know _. A. who is he waiting B. who is he waiting for C. who he is waiting D. who he is waiting for（ ）6. Can you tell me _? A. where she is going B. where she going C. where is she going D. where is she going to（ ）7. Do you know _ this time yesterday？ A.what she is cooking B.what is she cooking C.what she was cooking D.what was she cooking（ ）8. Do you know how much hot water_?AMum is needed Bdoes Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need( )9. Can you tell me_? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he( )10. I didnt know how _ to London? Awould they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going( )11.Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( )12.Do you know _?A. what the news are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news( )13.He said he would help me with my maths if he _ free. Awas Bwill be Cwould be Dis( )14I dont know if she _ If she _ ，please let me know Acomes；comes Bwill come；will come Ccomes；will come Dwill come；come( )15. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )16I didnt know what _ Awas the matter Bis the matter Cmatter was Dthe matter is ( )17I couldnt agree with _ at the meeting Athat you said Bwhich you said Cwhat did you say Dwhat you said ( )18My friend asked me _ Athat who is girl Bwho that girl was Cwho was that girl Dthat girl was who ( ( )20My teacher asked me _ Awho dictionary this was Bwhose dictionary this was Cwhose dictionary was this Dwho dictionary was this動詞不定式用法動詞不定式的基本形式是“to動詞原形”，有時(shí)可以不帶to。其否定形式not to +動詞原形動詞不定式（或不定式短語）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。 1作賓語 （不定式作賓語，前面的動詞為及物動詞）Indians like to eat hot food印度人喜歡吃辣味食品。 They need to look at a map他們需要查看地圖。 有的動詞不定式在作帶有補(bǔ)足語的賓語時(shí), feel, find, make, think, believe,前面往往帶有形式賓語it。例如： Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait？你認(rèn)為學(xué)會等待對我們來說很必要嗎？ They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers他們改進(jìn)了軟件，使人們使用計(jì)算機(jī)更簡便了。 I found it difficult to work with him.I feel it useful to learn English.Who made it possible to dive deep into the sea?2. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 （不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，接在賓語之后，即動詞賓語to do sth. ）He told me not to bring you anything他叫我不要給你帶任何東西。 Who taught you to play the music？誰教你彈這支曲子的？使役動詞let, have, make以及感官動詞feel, hear, see, watch, notice等的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),動詞不定式符號to要省略。例如: The teacher made him say the word like this.老師讓他像這樣說這個(gè)單詞。Our English teacher let us to listen to English every day. 作動詞help的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動詞不定式可帶to，也可不帶Can you help me (to )carry the box, please?3作狀語 ( 動詞不定式具有副詞的特征，所以可在句中作狀語)You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets當(dāng)列車員來查票時(shí)，你可以藏在我的座位下面。 In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft在三年級時(shí)，他為了去微軟公司工作而離開了哈佛大學(xué)。 4作定語 動詞不定式作定語時(shí)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。例如： In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do我在夢里總是做一些艱難的工作。 Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat他每天叫一個(gè)小動物給他帶來吃的東西。I have nothing to say on this question. 對這個(gè)問題我無可奉告。當(dāng)不定式中的動詞不能直接修飾前面的詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加介詞I need a pen to write with. 我需要用一枝鋼筆寫字This is the room to live in . 這個(gè)房子可以住Mary needs a friend to play with.That girl bas nothing to worry about.Although the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a