動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和分類.doc

第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)73北京中考2012攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)之第八戰(zhàn)役動(dòng)詞的分類，時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一、 裝備：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)I. 直擊中考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)這一講，在中考試卷中占的比例非常大，難度較大，體現(xiàn)在單選、完型、閱讀和作文各個(gè)題型中，通過(guò)本講的學(xué)習(xí)，我們主要掌握以下幾點(diǎn)： 了解動(dòng)詞的分類 掌握并能正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞各種形式 區(qū)分和熟練運(yùn)用八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法 掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 了解被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法II. 知識(shí)精講1. 動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)，而動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生有具體的時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)方式，這就是英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示。動(dòng)詞包括_、_、_和_。答案或提示: 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能夠獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。 及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意思完整。賓語(yǔ)一般由名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)，也可由動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。Examples :我非常喜歡這本書。_ .不要說(shuō)話了。 _ .我想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。 _ . 不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整，其后無(wú)須跟賓語(yǔ)。如果接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需與介詞一起搭配。如：Examples :他正站著。 _ .那個(gè)男孩坐在椅子上。 _ .關(guān)注成長(zhǎng)每一天74【注意】有一些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。區(qū)別它們，要看后面是否有賓語(yǔ)。Examples :他非常努力學(xué)習(xí)。 _ .他非常努力得學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 _ .答案或提示：I like this book very much. Dont speak. I want to be a doctor.He is standing. The boy is sitting on the chair. He studies very much. He studies English very much.(2).系動(dòng)詞：連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞：be, look, seem, appear, taste, sit, stand 等。Examples :他友好且正直。 She _ kind and honest.你今天看起來(lái)非常漂亮。 You _ very beautiful today.答案或提示：is; look(3).助動(dòng)詞：本身無(wú)意義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。它和主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣，以及幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句、否定句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句。常用的助動(dòng)詞有：do / does、be (is am are)、have / has、will、would、shall、should等。Examples :我已經(jīng)去過(guò)北京兩次了。 I _ _ to Beijing twice.湯姆的媽媽被救了。Toms mother was saved.今天下午將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。There _ _a meeting this afternoon.答案或提示: have been； will be(4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：有一定詞義，主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度和看法。它要和另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。初中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can / could、may / might、must、shall / should、will / would、need.Examples :我能幫助你。 _ .你必須在五點(diǎn)前完成你的作業(yè)。 You _finish your homework before 5 oclock.答案或提示：I can help you; must(5) 動(dòng)詞的各種形式英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示。英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式為：動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去分詞。如：workworksworkingworkedworked.動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式變化表：形式構(gòu)成例詞動(dòng)詞原形不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，也就是詞典中一般給出的形式be, 有_ ,做_,學(xué)_第三人稱單數(shù)形式在動(dòng)詞原形后加-sruns, 喜歡_第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)75答案或提示：have; do; study; likes; teaches; washer; goes; tries; studies; flies; stays; plays; reading; teaching; living; writing; sitting; beginning; dying; lying; working; carrying; studying; living; stopping; planning.2. 八種時(shí)態(tài)的講解與運(yùn)用(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法，構(gòu)成，句式，特征詞構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + be，主語(yǔ) + 行為動(dòng)詞原形（主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單形式）用法： 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。我經(jīng)常乘車去學(xué)校。 I _ _ _ school by bike. 表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。The earth _ _ the sun. 表示愛(ài)好等心理活動(dòng)。他喜歡游泳。He _ swimming. 在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。以ch, sh, s, o, x結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-esteach _wash_, go _以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y變i再加-estry_, study_fly_以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-sstay _play_現(xiàn)在分詞在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ingread_teach , _以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-inglive_, write_以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫該輔音字母再加-ingsit_begin _少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要變ie為y,再加-ingdie_, lie_過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則變化）在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwork _,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y變i,再加edcarry_, study_以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-dlive_,以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，雙寫該輔音字母再加-edstop_,plan_關(guān)注成長(zhǎng)每一天76當(dāng)我長(zhǎng)大以后，我將去美國(guó)。When I _ _, I will go to America.特征詞：often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示頻度的詞。Examples :他經(jīng)常幫助他的媽媽做一些家務(wù)。He _ _ his mother _ some housework.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。 The sun _ in the east.如果明天下雨，我們將不去公園。If it _ tomorrow, we won t go to the park.答案或提示：go to school; goes around; likes; grow up; often; helps with/with; rises; rains(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。用法： 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。今天早上我六點(diǎn)起床。I _ _ at six this morning. 用于since引導(dǎo)的從句。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。自從1990年這家工廠來(lái)辦以來(lái)，他就在這里工作。He has worked in the factory _ .特征詞：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1195, in the past, the other day（那天）, at that time, just now等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Examples :我們上周參觀了那個(gè)工廠。We _ the factory_ _.自從我上一次見(jiàn)到你以來(lái)，你沒(méi)有大的變化。You havent changed much_答案或提示：got up; since the factory opened in 1990; since I met last time.(3) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+will/be going to+動(dòng)詞原形用法： 表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，常指已經(jīng)決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。他們下周將去上海。They _ _ _ShangHai next week. be doing 有時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等。下周日你打算干什么？ What _you _ _do next Sunday?特征詞：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Examples :你將在兩天后回來(lái)嗎？_ you be back in two days?明天我的小妹妹就要上學(xué)了。My little sister _ _ _ school tomorrow.看那些烏云，暴風(fēng)雨就要來(lái)臨了。（客觀跡象）Look at the clouds. There _ _ _ _ a storm.第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)77我們就要?jiǎng)由砣惗亓?。We _ _ _ London.他明天要去那里。She _ _there tomorrow.答案或提示：are going to; are going to; Will; will go to; is going to be; will go to; will go提示：此處表達(dá)形式較多，可根據(jù)學(xué)生具體水平做適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)充，如：be doing 表示將來(lái)等特殊用法。詞用法下文有講述。(4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成: 主語(yǔ)+be（am/ is/ are）+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。用法： 表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。你在干什么？ _ ? 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。他們這個(gè)學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)一直很努力。They_ _ _ this term. go, leave, arrive, start等動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。他要去上海。He _ _ _Shanghai.特征詞：now, listen, look等Examples :我正在讀英語(yǔ)。 I _ _ a book.這些天我們一直在農(nóng)場(chǎng)摘蘋果。We _ _ _ on a farm these days.車不久就回來(lái)了。_ .答案或提示：What are you doing; are working hard; is leaving for; am reading; are always working(5) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be（_ / _）+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。用法：表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I _ _ TV when he _ in. 當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我正在看電視特征詞：this time yesterday, at that time, then, at 9:00 last night等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Examples :-昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么？ What were you doing _ _ _ .？-我在看電視。 _ .答案或提示：was/ were；was watching, came; this time yesterday； I was watching TV(6) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have/ has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。用法： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電視劇了。 I _ _ watched the TV play. 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常與for或since短語(yǔ)連用，表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。關(guān)注成長(zhǎng)每一天78從2000年開(kāi)始我們一直住在這里。（說(shuō)明一直住在這里，也許還要住下去）We have lived here _2000.特征詞：already, yet, ever, never, just，yetExamples :你找到丟失的筆了嗎？ _ you _ your lost pen yet?不，我還沒(méi)有找到。 No. I _found it _.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)三年了。I have learned English _ three years.【注意】for 后接時(shí)間段，since后接表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，用how long。Uncle Wang has worked here since five years ago.= Uncle Wang has worked here for five years.王叔叔已經(jīng)在這工作了五年了。Ive known LiLei for five years.我認(rèn)識(shí)李磊已經(jīng)五年了。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy_borrow_openbe openclosebe closedbegin/start_comebe heregobe awayfinishbe overdiedbe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake up_fall asleepbe asleeplosenot have_be（in）leave_arrive/reach_答案或提示：have already; since; Have found; havent yet; have; keep; be on; be up; get to; be away; be in(at)（7）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（了解）構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。用法： 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。概括的說(shuō)即為過(guò)去的過(guò)去。過(guò)去完成時(shí)在句中使用時(shí)一般必須有或者暗示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與其相比較，使過(guò)去完成時(shí)中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在該動(dòng)作之前。She had left by the time I arrived.我到達(dá)以前，她已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.在他來(lái)這之前，他已經(jīng)在上海住了十年了。 表示某一動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間。The film had been on for ten minutes when we got there.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)播了十分鐘了。特征詞：by last week, by the end of last year等，也可用when, before等引導(dǎo)的從句或者通過(guò)上下文表示。第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)79（8）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(了解)構(gòu)成： would/ should+動(dòng)詞原形（should用于第一人稱）was/ were going to+動(dòng)詞原形用法：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。I didnt know if she would come.我不知道她是否會(huì)來(lái)。Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle the next Saturday.王蕾說(shuō)她打算下周六去探望她叔叔3. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，是人們常用的語(yǔ)態(tài)；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的_。(1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞他被聽(tīng)到在房間里唱歌。He was _ _ sing in his room.全世界的人們都喜歡足球。Football _ _ by people all over the world.各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）答案或提示：承受者；heard to；is played基礎(chǔ)：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are + doneWe clean the classroomThe classroom is cleaned by us一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/were + doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall/be going to + dowill/shall/be going to + be doneThey will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must + docan/may/must + be doneI can find him.He can be found by me.拓展：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are + doingam/is/are + being doneShe is watching flowers.Flowers are being watched by her.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has + donehave/has + been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were + doingwas/were + beingShe was writing a letterA letter was being關(guān)注成長(zhǎng)每一天80done this time yesterday. written by her this timeyesterday.過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + done had been doneJim had finished thework.The work had beenfinished by Jim.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should/begoing to + dowould/should/begoing to + be doneHe said he would makea kite.He said a kite would bemade by him.（2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況： 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Example :Such books are written for children. 翻譯：_。 沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Example :More trees must _ _ every year. 每年都必須種植更多的樹木。 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Example :Chinese _ _ by more and more people in the world.世界上越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。答案或提示：這些書是為孩子們寫的；be planted；is spoked（3）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)a. 要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語(yǔ)成分變成被動(dòng)句中的_成分，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要將賓格變?yōu)開(kāi)格。b. 把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，主格變?yōu)橘e格，并由_引導(dǎo)。c. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式 + 動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作_ + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞_形式 + 動(dòng)作_Examples :Students plant trees. Trees are planted by students.We asked him to sing an English song. _.答案或提示：主語(yǔ)，主，by，承受者，被動(dòng)，執(zhí)行者, he was asked to sing an English song by us . 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成主語(yǔ)，也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成主語(yǔ)。若將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成主語(yǔ)，則保留直接賓語(yǔ)；若將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成主語(yǔ)，則保留間接賓語(yǔ)，且在被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to 或for。Examples :She gave me a book. I was given a book.（間接賓語(yǔ)me 改為主語(yǔ)）She gave me a book. _.（直接賓語(yǔ)a book 改為主語(yǔ)）答案或提示：A book was given to me .第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)81短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Examples :We should speak to old man politely. Old man should _ _ _ politely.（to 不可省略）老人應(yīng)該被照顧好。 _ .【注意】短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞,副詞。答案或提示：be spoken to The old man should be taken good care of .帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)仍保留在原處，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Example :I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. _ _ _ playing the piano in her room.答案或提示：Jane was heard被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇主動(dòng)句中在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等，以及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have 等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。Examples :He makes the girl stay at home. The girl is made to stay at home.I heard him sing songs in the room. He _ _ _ sing songs in the room.答案或提示：He was heard to【注意】主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 (了解)a.打開(kāi)_ ,鎖_寫_,讀_,賣_,打掃_(dá),清洗_,切_,開(kāi)車_等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Examples :這個(gè)橘子很容易剝皮。This orange _ easily.這種樣式的襯衫在這很好賣。This kind of shirt _ well here.這種布耐洗。This kind of cloth _ well.這輛車很好開(kāi)。The car drives well.答案或提示：open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, drive; peels, sells, washesb. 看_,聽(tīng)_,嘗_,聞_,感覺(jué)_等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Examples :我們穿著制服很難看。 Uniforms _ ugly on us.月餅嘗起來(lái)很好。 Moon cakes _delicious.這首歌聽(tīng)上去極棒。 The song _wonderful.答案或提示：look, sound, taste, smell, soundsc. 在be worth doing 中，doing 表被動(dòng)意義。Example :關(guān)注成長(zhǎng)每一天82這本書值得一讀。 _ .這場(chǎng)足球賽很值得觀看。The football match is well worth _.答案或提示：The book is worth reading. watchingd. want, need, require 等動(dòng)詞表示需要，后面?？筛鷙.+ ing 形式表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于to be done。如：My bike needs repairing. My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行車需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. Your hair wants to be cut. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。The room needs cleaning. The room needs to be cleaned. 這個(gè)房間需要打掃。e. 當(dāng)break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定等意思時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式。如：The plan worked out successfully. 計(jì)劃很切實(shí)可行。An earthquake took place in Tangshan in 1976. 1976 年唐山發(fā)生地震。二、攻略：例題精講例題：1. What a nice bike! How long _ you _it?Just two weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had【解析】D 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用錯(cuò)誤2._ my dictionary? I cant find it anywhere.I _ it on the shelf when I came in.A. Did you see, have been B. Have you seen, sawC. Did you see, saw D. Have you seen, have seen【解析】B 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)混淆3.I dont know if it _ tomorrow. If it _, I will stay at home.A. will rain, raining B. rains, will rainC. will rain, rains D. will rain, will rain【解析】C if / when 等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和條件 / 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句混淆4. Do you know where the twins are?Yes. They_ Fuzhou.巧學(xué)妙記主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義割鎖打開(kāi)拼讀寫，洗凈關(guān)上開(kāi)車買；看著酷，聽(tīng)著美，聞起來(lái)香，嘗起來(lái)鮮；燒過(guò)的食物感覺(jué)棒。第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)83A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone D. went to【解析】A本題考查have / has been to和 have / has gone to的區(qū)別。5.Did you go to Sams weekend party.No, I _.A. am not interested B. wasnt invitedC. havent invited D. didnt invite【解析】B 對(duì)語(yǔ)境理解，正確分析主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。6. The boys were seen _ around the policeman, listening to him carefully.A. sit B. sat C. to sit D. sitting【解析】C 含感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如何變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。7. Many flowers _ Miss Gao on TeachersDay.A. given B. were given C. were given to D. have given【解析】C 含雙賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如何變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)8. Your exercise-book should be _ after class.A. hand B. hand in C. handed D. handed in【解析】D 含有短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如何變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)9.The book is worth _.A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read【解析】C 固定搭配10. Oh, the milk _ strange, do you think its OK to drink?A. was tasted B. tasted C. is tasting D. tastes【解析】D 系動(dòng)詞如何主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)11. All these computers need _.A. to require B. to be repaired C. be repaired D. to have repaired【解析】 B 表示“需要”的幾個(gè)詞的兩種用法三 闖關(guān)：反饋練習(xí)第一關(guān)1.Light _ much faster than sound.A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling2.Im sorry to hear that Bill failed the exam again.Dont worry about him. Im sure that he will never give up until he _.A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded D. succeeding3.He turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. leaves B. will leave C. is leaving D. left4.When _ you _ your old friend? The day before yesterday.關(guān)注成長(zhǎng)每一天84A. will, visit B. did, visit C. have visited D. do, visit5.He has studied at this school since he _ to this city.A. comes B. come C. came D. has come6.Mr. Smith _ a talk on country music next Monday.A. gives B. gave C. has given D. will give7.Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?Sorry, dad. I_ to the shop.A. go B. went C. am going D. have been8.Never trouble me while I _ in my room.A. will sleep B. asleep C. am sleeping D. slept9.I called you this morning, but nobody answered.I _ the flowers in my garden at that time.A. watered B. was watering C. water D. has watered10.The world without thieves is a very moving film. I _ it twice already.A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen答案：1-5. BBDBC 6-10. DCCBD第二關(guān)：1.The Smiths moved to China ten years ago and _ there since then.A. has lived B. was living C. live D. have lived2.Premier Zhou _ for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.A. died B. had died C. has been died D. has been dead3. Did you see Tom at the party?No. he _ by the time I got there.A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left4.He told us that he _ us the next week.A. will visit B. would visit C. can visit D. have visited5.The children _ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught6.Look! What a nice garden! Yes. It _ every day.A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned7.The new computers _ to the village school as presents last month.A. are given B. given C. were given D. gave8.Where did you go last night?I _to go to Li Lei birthday party.A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked9.A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over.A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sent第八戰(zhàn)役 動(dòng)詞的分類 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)8510.Teaches should _ carefully.A. be listened B. be listened to C. listen D. listen to答案： 1-5. DDCAB 6-10. DCDAB關(guān)底：1.The baby now _ by the nurse in this hospital.A. looks after B. is looking afterC. is being looked after D. has looked after2.He was seen _ football at that time.A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing3.Tom is often made _ for twelve hours a day by the boss.A. work B. working C. to work D. to be working4.The book written by Mr. Wang_ easily.A. read B. reads C. is read D. is reading5.The idea to eat in KFC_ wonderful.A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. feels6.The film is really worth _ twice.A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. be have seen7.These flowers _. Lets get some water.A. need to be watered B. need wateredC. have been watered D. are watering8.The World War I _ in 1914 and _ in 1918.A. broke out, over B. was broken, was overC. broke out, end D. broke out, ended（二）用括號(hào)里動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空9. Tom often _ (help) his parents do housework at home .10. The earth _(go ) a