Unit 6 Enjoying a Story 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 3.doc

Unit 6 Enjoying a Story 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Part 4 語(yǔ)法Noun clauses as the Appositive and PredicativeI.概念: 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句：在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就叫同位語(yǔ)從句，它對(duì)其前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成：同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也會(huì)用wh- 連詞或how引導(dǎo)。The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us.我們隊(duì)得了第一名，這消息使我們都很興奮。We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.我們昨天聽(tīng)到消息說(shuō)英國(guó)女王在中國(guó)進(jìn)行為期三天的訪問(wèn)。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。注意：同位語(yǔ)從句中的that連詞不作任何成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，但不能省略。1) 可跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞主要有fact， news， idea， promise， reason， order， hope等。2)在名詞suggestion(建議)，proposal(提議)，order(命令)， demand(要求)等名詞后從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 Its my suggestion that he be our captain.3)在question， idea， doubt等表示疑問(wèn)的詞后面，可以由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 The question how he arrived here is unknown. 他是怎么到這兒的，這個(gè)問(wèn)題還不知道。There is a doubt whether he will do it or not. 他會(huì)不會(huì)做那件事情還值得懷疑。注意：同位語(yǔ)從句不能用if引導(dǎo)。思考：同位語(yǔ)從句中的that連詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的that連詞有何區(qū)別？2. 表語(yǔ)從句:在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就叫作表語(yǔ)從句，它位于be動(dòng)詞或其它連系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)從句的三種基本類(lèi)型： 1)由that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句2)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 3)由how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 The problem is that they cant find the watch. This is what I want to say.This is how they overcame the difficulties. The question is whether he can speak English. The reason is that they cant keep up with the society.主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that，不能用because。例如：The reason why he failed was that he was careless.表語(yǔ)從句也可以由以下結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成：It seems that(好像)/ It appears that(似乎)/ It turns out that(結(jié)果是)，It happens that(恰好，碰巧)e.g. : It seems that he will go abroad.注意： a. 表語(yǔ)從句中的that連詞不作任何成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，但不能省略。b. 表示“是否” ， 在表語(yǔ)從句中不能用if，只能用whether。II. 連詞的正確選用: 根據(jù)連詞的詞義和所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞终_選用連詞。【試一試】1. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 2. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what3. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom？ A. that B. what C. as D. which4. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game？ Oh， thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. as though C. as D. like6. Maria has to baby-sit. That s _ she cant come out with us. A. why B. how C. when D. whatIII名詞性從句需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題：所有名詞性從句都用陳述語(yǔ)氣。2. 時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題：從句的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句相呼應(yīng)。3名詞性從句中的that/which和定語(yǔ)從句中的that/which 的區(qū)別。4名詞性從句中that和what的區(qū)別。5. 名詞性從句中which和what的區(qū)。6. 名詞性從句中if和whether的區(qū)別。下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if 。A. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)； B. 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；C. 從句后有“or not”時(shí)； D. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)； E. 作discuss 的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；7. Who / whoever， what / whatever 與 no matter who / what.A. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無(wú)論什么/無(wú)論誰(shuí)”(含有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味)。B. whatever， whoever. 既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句； 而no matter what / who .只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句?！驹囋嚳础?. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her int