六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的方法.doc

名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的方法 1. 在名詞后面加-y可以變成形容詞(尤其是一些與天氣有關(guān)的名詞)。例如：rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy, healthhealthy, lucklucky等。 注意：1)如果名詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，這時(shí)應(yīng)雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-y。如：sunsunny, funfunny等。 2)少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí)，應(yīng)去掉e再加-y。例如：noisenoisy, iceicy 等。 2. 一些抽象名詞在詞尾加-ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。例如：carecareful, thankthankful, helphelpful, useuseful, beautybeautiful等。 3. 一些表示國(guó)家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese, -ish或-n構(gòu)成表示國(guó)籍、語(yǔ)言的形容詞。例如：ChinaChinese, JapanJapanese, EnglandEnglish, AmericaAmerican, IndiaIndian, Australia Australian(注意CanadaCanadian)。 4.在名詞后加-ous變?yōu)樾稳菰~。例如：dangerdangerous等。 5. 在名詞后加-ly變?yōu)樾稳菰~。例如：friendfriendly, lovelovely等。 6.在名詞后加-less構(gòu)成含有否定意義的形容詞。例如：carecareless(粗心的)，useuseless(無(wú)用的)，hopehopeless(沒希望的)，homehomeless(無(wú)家可歸的)等。 7. 一些以-ence結(jié)尾的名詞，把ence改為ent變成形容詞。例如：differencedifferent, silencesilent等。 二、動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~的方法 1.詞形不變，詞性改變。例如：work, study, water, plant等可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞。 2. 一些動(dòng)詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示“某一類人”的名詞。例如：workworker, teachteacher, singsinger, jumpjumper, playplayer, learnlearner, visitvisitor, inventinventor等。 注意：1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-r。例如：drivedriver, writewriter等。 2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er。例如：runrunner, winwinner， beginbeginner等。 3. 在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞(方法與動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的方法相同)。例如： meetmeeting, buildbuilding, waitwaiting, washwashing, swimswimming, shopshopping, beginbeginning等。 三、形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~的方法 一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞。例如：quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等。但是，以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意： 1. 一些以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把y改為i再加-ly。例如：happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily 等。 2. 有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉e加-y。例如：possiblepossibly, terribleterribly等。 3. 少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：truetruly等。但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。例如：politepolitely, widewidely等。 4. 以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)仍然要在詞尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll結(jié)尾的才在詞尾只加-y。例如：usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully等。動(dòng)詞變名詞小結(jié)1.在詞尾加er,r ,雙寫加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在詞尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在詞尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice， die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,sit _ deat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance,fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，faile _ failure,appear _ appearance,breathe _ breath 動(dòng)詞變形容詞小結(jié)1.詞尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankfulpeace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.詞尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.詞尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite - excitingdevelop - developing, frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live - livingrock - rocking, sleep - sleeping4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrifiedsatisfy - satisfied5.詞尾加able:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyabe,suit - suitableadjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它：lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - aducational,world - worldwide To 后跟動(dòng)名詞，不跟動(dòng)詞原形的情況。用法歸納 由于to既可用作介詞，也可用作不定式符號(hào)，所以許多人在其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，弄不清到底該用動(dòng)詞原形，還是用動(dòng)名詞。介詞to后接動(dòng)名詞的常考結(jié)構(gòu)27個(gè)，并根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，分為以下四類： 一、動(dòng)詞+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞1. admit to doing sth 承認(rèn)做了某事 2. apply to doing sth 適用于做某事3. object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事4. see to doing sth 負(fù)責(zé)做某事 5. stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事6. take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事，逐漸習(xí)慣做某事應(yīng)用實(shí)例：He admitted having stolen the money. 他承認(rèn)偷了錢。These methods apply to learning English. 這些方法適用于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。He objected to being treated like a child. 他反對(duì)被當(dāng)作小孩子看待。Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 記者應(yīng)堅(jiān)持調(diào)查事實(shí)。Soon he took to sleeping late. 不久他就養(yǎng)成了睡懶覺的習(xí)慣。 二、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞專心致力于做某事把獻(xiàn)給做某事9. devote oneself to doing sth 獻(xiàn)身于做某事10. limit sth to doing sth 把限制在做某事的范圍內(nèi) 11. reduce sb to doing sth 使某人淪為做某事12. give ones life to doing sth 獻(xiàn)身于做某事13. give ones mind to doing sth 專心做某事14. have a dislike to doing sth 厭惡做某事15. have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事15. have an eye to doing sth 16. have an objection to doing sth 反對(duì)(反感)做某事17. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 18. set ones mind to doing sth 決心做某事應(yīng)用實(shí)例：She applied herself to learning English. 她專心學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于幫助窮人。I have a strong dislike to playing cards for money. 我極討厭打牌賭博。He has a strong objection to getting up so early.他很反感這么早就起床。 你應(yīng)該更注意團(tuán)結(jié)那些自己意見不同的人一道工作。 三、be+形容詞(含過去分詞)+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞19. be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事 20. be used to doing