人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)及句型總匯及各單元精選練習(xí)題.doc

八年級(jí)（下）新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)及句型總匯（Units6-10） 人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)及句型總匯及各單元精選練習(xí)題八年級(jí)（下）新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)及句型總匯（Units6-10）Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?1. raise money籌錢 2. collect stamps集郵 3. run out of用盡 4. by the way順便說(shuō)一下5. on the way to.在的路上6. be interested in對(duì)感興趣 7. more than=over超過(guò)8. fly kites放風(fēng)箏9. three and a half years =three years and a half三年半10. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲l How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?l How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?本單元目標(biāo)句型：全椒三中許俊華英語(yǔ)資料，版權(quán)所有Hot line:139055026981. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ 2. Ive been skating since nine oclock./since I was four years old.我從九點(diǎn)一直滑到現(xiàn)在/我從四歲一直滑到現(xiàn)在。3. Ive been skating for five hours.我一直滑了五小時(shí) 。4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我對(duì)中國(guó)的歷史了解得越多， 我就越喜歡住在中國(guó)。本單元語(yǔ)法講解現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直在延續(xù)的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has +been+ doing1I have been writing the letter since then.從那時(shí)起我一直在寫這封信。（動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）2I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集）。3 How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。（“居住”動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?1. turn down/turn up關(guān)小聲/調(diào)大聲音（電器）2. turn on/ turn off 打開/關(guān)閉（電器）3. move the bike移動(dòng)自行車4. in a minute/right away/in no time立刻,馬上 5. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上學(xué)/上課遲到6. wait in line=stand in line排隊(duì)等候7. cut in line=jump a queue插隊(duì) 8. get mad/annoyed變得生氣 9. happen to sb 發(fā)生在身上 10. half an hour半小時(shí)11. at first首先12. at last=in the end=finally 最后13. allow sb. to do /not to do sth.允許某人做/不做某事14. be allowed to do /not to do sth.某人不被允許某人做/不做某事15. in public 當(dāng)眾地；公開地；公然地16. in public places在公共場(chǎng)所 17. break the rule 不遵守規(guī)則 18. pick up撿起 19. put out熄滅 20. drop litter扔垃圾 21. keep the voice down控制聲音本單元目標(biāo)句型：全椒三中許俊華英語(yǔ)資料，版權(quán)所有Hot line:139055026981. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打掃院子嗎?2. Not at all. Ill do it right away. 一點(diǎn)也不. 我馬上就掃.3. Would you mind not playing baseball here.你介意不要在這打棒球嗎?4. Sorry, well go and play in the park.對(duì)不起，我們到公園去打.5. Could you (please) make dinner? 請(qǐng)做晚飯好嗎?6. Thats no problem.沒問題.7. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please dont feed the dog, will you?請(qǐng)不要喂狗好嗎? 常見動(dòng)名詞、分詞的習(xí)慣用法總結(jié)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball？What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么樣?I am interested in playing football.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中第7頁(yè)1. enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事；2. finish doing sth；完成做某事；3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事；4. stop doing sth停止做某事（原來(lái)的事）5. forget doing sth忘記做過(guò)某事；6. go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事（原來(lái)的事）；7. remember doing sth記得做過(guò)某事；8. like doing sth喜歡做某事；9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing發(fā)現(xiàn)/看到/聽到/觀看某人做 10. try doing sth試圖做某事；11. need doing sth需要做某事；12. prefer doing sth寧愿做某事；13. mind doing sth介意做某事；14. miss doing sth錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事；15. practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事；16. be busy doing sth忙于做某事；17. cant help doing sth禁不住做某事；18. waste time/money doing浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做;19. keep sb.doing讓始終/一直做20. stop sb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事21. prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜歡做A更喜歡做B22. “do some +doing”短語(yǔ)如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking23“go doing”短語(yǔ)去做某事（主要指文娛活動(dòng)等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵).注意動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的常見搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lostKeepclosed/ a boy called/named TomUnit 8 why dont you get her a scarf?1. fall asleep 入睡 2. give away 贈(zèng)送；分發(fā) 3. rather than 寧愿而不是，勝于4. would dorather than do寧愿不愿做5. hear of 聽說(shuō)6. make friends with 和交友7. photo album 像冊(cè)8. too personal 太私人化9. not interesting enough不夠有趣10. make a special meal 做一頓特別的飯11. an 8-year-old child 一個(gè)六歲的孩子12. these days 最近13. notat all 根本不14. different kinds of 不同種類15. make her happy 使她高興16. someone else 別人（else總是后置）17. improve English 提高英語(yǔ)18. in different ways 以不同的方式19. encourage sb to do鼓勵(lì)某人做20. make progress 取得進(jìn)步21. take an interest in/be interested in 對(duì)感興趣本單元目標(biāo)句型：全椒三中許俊華英語(yǔ)資料，版權(quán)所有Hot line:139055026981. What should I get my mom for her birthday? 我應(yīng)該為我的媽媽買什么?2. Why dont you/Why not buy /What about buying/How about buying a scarf? 為什么不買條圍巾呢?3. Whats the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好禮物是什么?4. What a lucky guy! 多幸運(yùn)的家伙!常見動(dòng)詞不定式詞組、句型用法總結(jié).固定用法(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)：以下是帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式常見搭配希望做某事hope to do sth.決定做某事decide to do sth.同意做某事agree to do sth.需要某人做某事need to do sth.使用某物做某事use sth to do sth迫不及待做某事cant wait to do準(zhǔn)備做某事get/be ready to do盡力/努力做某事try to do sth計(jì)劃做某事plan to do sth.不得不have to do 輪流做某事take ones turns to do sth.拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.請(qǐng)某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.doencourage sb to do鼓勵(lì)某人做Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.Its time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時(shí)候了例句:Its time for me to go home.Its +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是（當(dāng)adj.是表示性格、品德的形容詞時(shí)用of）例句: It is easy for me to learn it well.It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時(shí)間 例句:1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太.而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到做某事是例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. 序數(shù)詞+to do 第.個(gè)做某事例句:Who is the first to get there?我不知/忘記了怎么辦。I didnt know/forgot what to do. 離開房間時(shí)不要忘記/記住關(guān)燈 例句:Dont forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room be+adj+to do sth例句:I am very sorry to hear that.I am ready to help others.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.順口溜：本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表定補(bǔ)賓和狀；樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢；大家千萬(wàn)要小心，有時(shí)它把句型改；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用it，自己在后把身藏；七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。以下是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(即動(dòng)詞原形)的常見用法 let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 make do sth使得某人做某事 hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事see do sth do sth看見某人做某事 why not 或why dont you +動(dòng)詞原形？為什么不.?（表示建議）例:Why not/Why dont you take a walk? 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may /must /should+ 動(dòng)詞原形（包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式+動(dòng)詞原形） 助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/will/would在構(gòu)成疑問句或者構(gòu)成否定句即dont /doesnt /didnt /will not /would not+ 動(dòng)詞原形 be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形（表示“即將”“打算” 做某事）Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?1. take a ride 兜風(fēng)2. end up 結(jié)束3. take a holiday/vacation度假4. all year round 全年5. such as 例如6. a zoo called/named 一個(gè)叫做的動(dòng)物園7. during the daytime 在白天8. wake up 醒來(lái)9. wake somebody up 喚醒/叫醒某人10. have a great/nice/wonderful/great time 玩得高興11. a wonderful place to take a holiday/to visit一個(gè)度假/游覽的好地方12. an English-speaking country一個(gè)講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家13. be asleep=fall asleep 睡著14. Three quarters of the population are Chinese.四分之三的人口是中國(guó)人（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）15. Whats the population of China?中國(guó)的人口是多少？（不用how much提問） 16. the population of China is 1.3 billion中國(guó)的人口是13億。（謂動(dòng)詞用單形式）本單元語(yǔ)法講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。本時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：already （“已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中，放在have /has之后或句尾）； yet （“仍然”“還”，用于疑問句或否定句的句尾） just（“剛剛”，放在have /has之后）； before（“以前”，放在句尾）；ever（“曾經(jīng)”，放在have /has之后） never （“從沒有”，在have /has之后）例句：1.Our teacher has just left. 2.We have studied English already.3.I have not finished the homework yet.4.He has never been to Beijing before.2.某個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還有可能持續(xù)到將來(lái).動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性要通過(guò)一段時(shí)間來(lái)表示一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for: +一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince +過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since nine since last week Since +一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since you came ; since you got home.注意：結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是它們可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy have；catch(get) a cold have a cold；borrowkeep；becomebe；put on- wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞 join the army be a soldier；join the Party be a Party member；go to school be a student 3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞 diebe dead；finish be over；beginbe on；leavebe away ； fall sleep be asleep close be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地be in(at) +某地4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ)go to school be in school ； get up_ be up；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)常見標(biāo)志詞1. already（已經(jīng)）, just（剛剛）, never（從未/從沒有）, ever（曾經(jīng)）, yet（仍然/還）, before（以前（句尾時(shí)） 2. since+點(diǎn)時(shí)刻或從句; for+段時(shí)間; how long（疑問句中用來(lái)提問since/for短語(yǔ)的）3. so far；till now；by now（到目前為止；迄今）4. recently近來(lái)in the past/last+段時(shí)間 在過(guò)去的幾年中5. once(一次)，twice,three(four) times6. It is the+最高級(jí)+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done 例：Whats the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好禮物是什么?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型舉例：1. Have you ever been to an amusement park?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)游樂園嗎?Yes, I have./ No, I havent. 2. I have never been there. Me neither=Neither have I. 我也沒有.3. Where is he? He has gone to the Beijing.4. How long has he been in Beijing? （不能用come/arrive）5. Ive never been to an aquarium. 我從沒去過(guò)水族館.6. I have been a student here for a year.我成為這的學(xué)生有一年了. （不能用become） =I became a student here a year ago.7. He has been dead for two years.（不能用die）=he died two years ago.8. I have been a teacher since ten years ago(for ten years.) （不能用become）9. I have just/ever/already/never seen the movie. Have you ever heard of the man before?Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?1. feel like doing=want to do sth.想做某事2. like to do sth./like doing sth.喜歡做某事3. would like to do=want to do想要做某事4. like sb. to do想要某人做某事5. feel like sth. 覺得像.6. have a hard/difficult time doing sth費(fèi)了很大勁做某事7. have problem doing sth做某事有困難8. have fun doing sth樂于做某事9. need to do sth.需要做某事（主語(yǔ)是人，強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)）10. need doing=need to be done需要被（主語(yǔ)是物，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)） 例如：I need to do my homework The bike needs mending/reparing11. thank-you note感謝信12. look through 瀏覽13. get along/ on well 相處得好14. at least 至少15. at most最多 16. be careful =look out 當(dāng)心,小心17. be careful to do/not to do sth. 小心做/不做某事18. cross a street =go across a street 過(guò)街（穿過(guò)表面） 19. go through 穿過(guò)（空間/房間/森林等）20. go past經(jīng)過(guò)/路過(guò)21. come along 跟著來(lái)22. say in a low/loud voice小聲地/大聲地說(shuō)23. something cost+錢= something is worth+錢 某物值多少錢24. a high/low temperature高/低溫25. the price is high/low價(jià)格高/低26. do/try ones best to do sth. 努力/盡力做某事目標(biāo)句型：反意疑問句句型如下：注意：以下本單元語(yǔ)法反意疑問句容易考到的幾個(gè)句型：1. It looks like rain, doesnt it? Yes, it does./No, it doesnt看起來(lái)要下雨了,是嗎?2. Hes really good, isnt he? 他確實(shí)好,是嗎?3. You are new here, arent you? 你是新來(lái)的, 是嗎?4. You have never been to Beijing, have you?( never表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)5. She has few friends, does she?(few表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)6. Tom had little work to do, did he? (little表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)7. You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯