初中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納(基本全了)

初中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納初中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納 冠詞 a an 的用法 a 用于輔音音素前 a useful book a university a u Once a week have a swim walk talk look dance drink rest have a cold headache fever cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while an 則用于元音音素前 an hour an honest boy an A E F H I L M N O R S X keep an eye on 定冠詞 the 的用法 1 特指雙方都明白的人或物 Give me the book 2 上文提到過(guò)的人或事 Do you know the lady in blue Yes she is a teacher of a university 3 指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物 the sun sky moon earth world nature universe 4 單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物 如 the dollar 美元 The lion is a wild animal 或與形容詞或分詞連用 表示一類人 the rich poor blind aged living impossible 5 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí) 及形容詞 only very same 等前面 I live on the second floor 6 用在表示身體部位的名詞前 She caught me by the arm 7 用在表示樂(lè)器和表方位的名詞之前 She plays the piano violin guitar in the north of China 8 用在普通名詞構(gòu)成專有名詞前 the People s Republic of China the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace 9 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前 表示一家人 the Greens are playing the piano 10 in the day in the morning afternoon evening in the middle of in the end all the time at the same time on the whole by the way go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky water field country in the dark in the rain 不用定冠詞的情況 1 國(guó)名 人名前通常不用定冠詞 China Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒 2 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí) 通常不加冠詞 當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí) 需 要加定冠詞 Failure is the mother of success 失敗乃成功之母 3 在季節(jié) 月份 節(jié)日 假日 日期 星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前 不加冠詞 Children s Day Mother s Day Father s Day 4 在稱呼或表示官銜 職位的名詞前不加冠詞 He is captain of the team 5 在三餐 四季 球類運(yùn)動(dòng) 學(xué)科 娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前 不加冠詞 如 have breakfast supper lunch play basketball football volleyball chess in spring summer autumn winter 6 當(dāng) by 與火車(chē)等交通工具連用 表示一種方式時(shí) 中間無(wú)冠詞 by bus train taxi bus ship 7 Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school work home at first last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi bike at noon at night on TV at town 部分詞組有無(wú)冠詞的區(qū)別 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里 in front of 在 的前面 in the front of 在 內(nèi)部的前面 go to school 上學(xué) go to the school 到學(xué)校去 a number of a lot of 許多 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) The number of 的數(shù)目 的總數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 第三人稱單數(shù) 名詞 專有名詞和普通名詞 個(gè)體名詞 集體名詞 物質(zhì)名詞 抽象名詞 可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù) 一般情況加 s 以 s x sh ch 等結(jié)尾的詞加 es bus buses watch watches 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞 無(wú)生命的加 s 如 photo photos piano pianos 有生命的 es 如 potato potatoes tomato tomatoes 均可 如 zero zeros zeroes 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞 去 f fe 加 ves 如 half halves knife knives leaf leaves wolf wolves wife wives life lives thief thieves 加 s 如 belief beliefs roof roofs safe safes gulf gulfs 以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的詞 變 y 為 i 再加 es baby babies 不規(guī)則 a 單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣 Sheep deer Chinese Japanese People police scissors trousers b 其他的 foot feet tooth teeth child children mouse mice man men woman women businessman businessmen German Germans women doctors 集體名詞 People police 一般表示一個(gè)整體 謂用復(fù)數(shù) class family glasses 不可數(shù)名詞 常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有 information news room 空間 work work weather advice bread food milk tea ice glasses meat A little a bit of some much a lot of quite a lot of 常修飾不可 數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 如果用 and 連接兩個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Time and money are A cup glass bottle box kilo group crowd class pair of Two and a half kilos of two kilos and a half of 名詞所有格 在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加 s 來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系 帶這種詞尾的名詞形式 稱為該名詞的所有格 如 a teacher s book 名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下 1 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加 s 復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有 s 也要加 s 如 the boy s bag men s room Children s Day Mother s Day Father s Day 2 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 s 只加 如 Teachers Day ladies room twenty minutes walk 3 凡不能加 s 的名詞 都可以用 名詞 of 名詞 的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系 如 the title of the song 歌的名字 A picture of family a map of China 4 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí) 名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所 修飾的名詞 如 the barber s 理發(fā)店 5 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列 并且分別有 s 則表示 分別有 只有一個(gè) s 則表示 共有 John s and Mary s room 兩間 John and Mary s room 一間 6 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ) s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾 如 a month or two s absence 7 雙重所有格 a friend of mine hers his theirs a friend of Mary s mother s 代詞 人稱代詞 物主代詞和反身代詞 I me my mine myself you you your yourself yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself we us our ours ourselves they them their theirs themselves 人稱順序 you he she I we you they 主格作主語(yǔ) 賓格作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞和介詞之后通常作賓格 形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú) 使用 通常放在名詞之前 名詞性物主代詞 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞 of 名詞性物 主代詞 表示所屬關(guān)系 A friend of mine 我的一位朋友 teacher of hers 她的老師 代詞 it 的用法 指代前面提到過(guò)的事物 表天氣 表距離 指嬰兒和不明身份的人 John someone in your class phoned you this morning Oh who was it 用作形式主語(yǔ) It s kind good nice clever polite foolish of sb to do sth It s important necessary possible easy difficult for sb to do sth It s time to get up It s time for lunch It s one s turn to do It seems that It takes sb some time to do sth 用作形式賓語(yǔ) Find think feel it adj to do sth It one 的區(qū)別 It 特指上文提到的同一對(duì)象 同一事物 one 同類而不同一 that 常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中 代替前面提到的名詞 以避免重復(fù) 反身代詞 構(gòu)成規(guī)則 一 二物主 三為賓 運(yùn)用 hurt teach wash buy enjoy oneself by Help oneself one selves to Look after oneself Say to oneself Come to oneself 不定代詞 little a little few a few several some some any much too much much too more then over less than nearly something 某事 某物 用于肯定句 anything 任何事物 某事物 用于否 定句 疑問(wèn)句 everything 每件事 一切事物 用于 各種句型 nothing 沒(méi)什么 沒(méi)有任何東西 not any thing somebody 某人 有人 someone anybody 任何人 用于否定句 疑問(wèn)句 條件從句中 nobody 沒(méi)有人 注意 由復(fù)合不定代詞作主 語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù) Everyone is here 修飾不定代詞的形容詞后置 I have something important to tell you 在反意疑問(wèn)句中 表示人的 復(fù)合代詞在陳述句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 附 加問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用 he 或 they 表 物的用 it little 幾乎沒(méi)有 表示否定意思 用以修飾不可數(shù)名詞 A little 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 表示肯定 用以修飾不可數(shù)名詞 Only a little 僅一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 也可修飾形容詞和副詞 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 放在動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)后 few 幾乎沒(méi)有 表示否定意思 用以修飾可數(shù)名詞 a few several 幾個(gè) 一些 表示肯定意思 用以修飾可數(shù)名詞 some 一些 修飾可數(shù)名詞 后跟復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞或 ones 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞 在表 示請(qǐng)求 委婉語(yǔ)氣的疑問(wèn)句和表示希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答的問(wèn)句中 常用 some Could you give me some apples any 一些 任何一些 一般用于疑問(wèn)句中或否定句中和 IF 引導(dǎo)的條件句中 much 許多 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 放在不可數(shù)名詞前 可用 a lot of 替換 too much 太多的 用法相當(dāng)于 much 放在不可數(shù)名詞前 Heath is very important to us We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much rich food much too 太 用法相當(dāng)于 too 放在形容詞和副詞前 Keep quiet It s much too noisy here more than 超過(guò) 多于 over more or less 或多或少 差不多 about at least 至少 a lot 許多 修飾動(dòng)詞 Thanks a lot a lot of lots of 許多的 可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 a number of 許多的 many 只用于修飾復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞 放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前 every 用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上 著眼于整體 后可跟數(shù)詞 詞組有 every ten minuets each 用于兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上 著眼于個(gè)體 詞組有 each of either 兩個(gè)中任何一個(gè) either or both 兩個(gè)都 both and both of neither 兩個(gè)中一個(gè)也沒(méi)有 e g Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone Neither I enjoy using QQ neither nor any 三個(gè)以上中任何一個(gè) all 三個(gè)以上中全部 none 三個(gè)以上中一個(gè)也沒(méi)有 None of 中沒(méi)有一個(gè) 表示三個(gè)或以上數(shù)目的人 或物中沒(méi)有一個(gè) 表否定 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù) others 表示 泛指 除自己外 別的人 Some others the other 表示兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè) One the other the others 表示特指的另一些 another 后跟單數(shù)名詞 表示泛指另一個(gè)人 后跟帶數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示 再 還 要 的意思 other 別的 另外的 一般后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或 ones 在 other 前可加 some many 或 數(shù)詞 表示 幾個(gè) 一些別的 Such a tall building such an exciting football match so many people each other 相互 彼此 指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)物時(shí) one another 相互 彼此 指三者或 三者以上的彼此 one another s 相互的 彼此的 數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目多少 的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞 表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞 一 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 1 基數(shù)詞寫(xiě)法和讀法 百位與十位 用 and 十位與個(gè)位 寫(xiě)時(shí)用 先 確定分節(jié)號(hào) 從右至左 每隔三位數(shù)是一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào) 第一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)是千位 thousand 4 第二個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)是千位 million 第三個(gè)分號(hào)節(jié)是十億位 billion 1 234 567 892 one billion two hundred and thirty four million five hundred and sixty seven thousand eight hundred and ninety two 2 分?jǐn)?shù)表示法 構(gòu)成 分子基 分母序 分子大于 1 時(shí) 分母在序數(shù)詞后加 S 1 2 a half 1 3 one third 2 3 two thirds 3 4 three quarters three fourths 2 3 4 two and three fourths 3 表示 年代 用 in the 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù) in the 1980s 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代 4 表某人幾歲時(shí) in 物主代詞 數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 in one s twenties 5 He lives in Rom 88 One plus two is three Three times five is fifteen 6 hundred thousand million 等詞前有具體的數(shù)字時(shí) 不能加 S 如 three hundreds 這種說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的 7 hundreds of thousands of millions of 8 a 21 year old girl three days and a half three and a half days one and a half hours one hour and a half we ll have two weeks holiday two week holiday 9 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣 一 二 三特別記 th 從四以上記 怎么加很容易 八減 t 九減 e f 來(lái)把 ve 替 見(jiàn) y 變 ie 若是遇到幾十幾 變換個(gè)位就可以 One first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth thirteen thirteenth fifteen fifteenth eighteen eighteenth twenty twentieth twenty one twenty first thirty thirtieth forty fortieth fifty fiftieth sixty sixtieth seventy seventieth eighty eightieth ninety ninetieth 序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式 first 1st second 2nd thirty first 31st 形容和副詞 修飾 something anything everything anybody 等不定代詞的形容詞 形容詞 要放在不定代詞之后 I have Something important to tell you enough 修飾形容詞 副詞時(shí) enough 要放在形容詞和副詞之后 Far enough interesting exciting boring amazing surprising moving 主語(yǔ)為物 Interested excited amazed surprised frightened tired pleased 主語(yǔ)為人 Much far a lot a little even 等后要用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí) I fell even worse now 5 連系動(dòng)詞 be 感官動(dòng)詞 look smell taste sound feel 三個(gè)變 get become turn keep 后跟形容詞 既可作形容詞又可作副詞的詞有 hard 作形容詞 difficult 作副詞 放在 work rain 等后 表努力地做 well 作形容詞身體好 作副詞 做得好 long 作形容詞 表事物的長(zhǎng)度 作副詞 放在 last talk 等后 表動(dòng)作持續(xù) Fast 作作形容 放在系動(dòng)詞后 作副詞放在 rain make sth 等詞后 表 做得快 High 作形容詞 山 海浪的高 作副詞 放在 fly jump 等后表飛得高 跳得高 五 形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~ ly useful wide strong 改 y 為 i 再加 ly healthy heavy happy lucky noisy good well terrible terribly probable probably 多數(shù)以 ly 結(jié)尾的詞是副詞 但 friendly lonely lovely likely daily lively 是形容詞 China is larger than any other county in Asia 同一范圍內(nèi) China is larger than any county in Afirca 不同范圍內(nèi) how many 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的提問(wèn) How many people are there in your family How much 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的提問(wèn)和提問(wèn)價(jià)格 How long 多久 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 回答常用 for 段時(shí)間 since 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 How soon 多快 多久以后 回答常用 in 段時(shí)間 How often 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次 提問(wèn)頻率 回答常用 once twice a week three times a day often How far 多遠(yuǎn) 對(duì)距離提問(wèn) 回答常用 fifteen minutes walk 10 meters away 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 原級(jí) as 原級(jí) as not as so 原級(jí) as 反義詞 than English is as interesting as Chinese Mr Zhang isn t as old as Mr Li Mr Zhang is younger than Mr Li 比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞 than Lily s bag is bigger than hers much far a little even next time which who A B Which is more beautiful Tom Jim the 比較級(jí) the 比較級(jí) The more we get together the happier we ll be 比較級(jí) and 比較級(jí) 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用 more and more 原級(jí) 越來(lái) 越 harder and harder our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful 最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞 the 最高級(jí) of in Shanghai is the biggest city in China One of the 最高級(jí) 名詞復(fù)數(shù) Zhou Jiekun is one of the most popular singers Which who 最高級(jí) A B or C Who city is the most beautiful Beijing Shanghai or Kunming 序數(shù)詞 最高級(jí) 表 第幾最 Chang jiang is the first longest river in China the second largest population 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 略 不規(guī)則 good well better best bad badly ill worse worst many much more most little less least far farther 較遠(yuǎn) farthest far further 進(jìn)一步 furthest tired more tired the most tired right tired glad pleased real 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) 名稱 結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)難點(diǎn)與 要點(diǎn) 一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí) am is are there be 結(jié)構(gòu) 行為動(dòng) 詞 sometimes often usually always every day once a week am is are done 注意第 三人稱單數(shù) 情況 現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí) am is are Ving now look listen right now at the moment it s 幾點(diǎn) am is are being done 動(dòng)詞 ING 形式的 構(gòu)成 一般 過(guò)去時(shí) was were 表語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu) Ved yesterday last ago 一家 just now in the old days a moment ago long ago ih the 1990s was were done 注意動(dòng) 詞的過(guò)去式 的構(gòu)成 一般 將來(lái)時(shí) will shall V 原 形 be going to V 原形 tomorrow next year this year at the end of this term from now on in the future in a few days time will shall be done be going to be done 注意動(dòng) 詞過(guò)去分詞 的構(gòu)成 與 過(guò)去式的區(qū) 別 P255 過(guò)去 進(jìn)行時(shí) was were Ving at 具體時(shí)間 at this time when 一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句 was were being done 與一般 過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū) 別 現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí) have has done already yet just never ever for since so far 注意瞬 間動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)中 的運(yùn)用 過(guò)去 將來(lái)時(shí) would should V 原形 was were going to V 原形 賓語(yǔ)從句中 從句 動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之后 發(fā)生 Would should be done be going to be done 過(guò)去 完成時(shí) had done by 過(guò)去某一時(shí)點(diǎn) before 過(guò)去某 一時(shí)間點(diǎn) by the time 從句 從句動(dòng) 作在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生 Had been done 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be done 注 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞詳見(jiàn)初三課本的 255 頁(yè) 祈使句 祈使句用以表達(dá)命令 要求 請(qǐng)求 勸告等 1 祈使句否定在句首加 Don t Don t move Don t be late 2 Let s shall we let us him will you won t you 感嘆句 How 形容詞或副詞 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 其它 How lovely the baby is What a an 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 其它 What a clever boy he is What 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 其它 What wonderful ideas we have What 形容詞 不可數(shù)名詞 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 其它 What cold weather it is 反意疑問(wèn)句 1 陳述部分用 no nothing nobody never few seldom hardly rarely little too to 等否定含義的詞時(shí) 疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義 Some plants never blown 開(kāi)花 do they 2 陳述部分有 have to v had to v 疑問(wèn)部分常用 don t 主語(yǔ) didn t 主語(yǔ) We have to get there at eight tomorrow don t we 3 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是 used to 時(shí) 疑問(wèn)部分用 didn t 主語(yǔ)或 usedn t 主語(yǔ) He used to take pictures there didn t he usedn t he 4 陳述部分有 had better v 疑問(wèn)句部分用 hadn t you You d better read it by yourself hadn t you 5 陳述部分由 neither nor either or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí) 疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其 實(shí)際邏輯意義而定 Neither you nor I am engineer are we 6 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞 everything that nothing this 疑問(wèn) 部分主語(yǔ)用 it Everything is ready isn t it 7 陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句 疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況 a 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定 Mr Smith had been to Beijing for several times he should have been in China now shouldn t he b 帶有定語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句 疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定 He is not the man who gave us a talk is he He said he wanted to visit Japan didn t he c 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是 think believe expect suppose imagine 等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ) 從句 疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句 I don t think he is bright is he We believe she can do it better can t she 8 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞 everybody anyone somebody nobody no one 等 疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù) they 有時(shí)也用單數(shù) he Everyone knows the answer don t they does he Nobody knows about it do they does he 9 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)部分用 will you Don t do that again will you Go with me will you won t you 注意 Let s 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 后用 shall we Let s go and listen to the music shall we Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 后用 will you Let us wait for you in the reading room will you 10 陳述部分是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的 疑問(wèn)部分用 there 省略主語(yǔ)代詞 There is something wrong with your watch isn t there There will not be any trouble will there 11 否定前綴不能視為否定詞 其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式 It is impossible isn t it He is not unkind to his classmates is he 并列句 and 和 并且 work hard and you can pass the exam but 但是 he is rich but he is not happy Or 否則 要不然 或者 在否定句中表和 Hurry up or you ll be late so 因此 所以 Kate was ill so she didn t go to school For 因?yàn)?I have to stay up late for I have a lot of work to do 狀語(yǔ)從句 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞為 If when before after until as soon as 等 主句和 從句有下列情況 主句從句 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 主將從現(xiàn) 一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí) I will go to the park if it doesn t rain tomorrow 祈使句一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 的句子 一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò) 去時(shí) 英語(yǔ)句子中如果一看到 Thought but because so 這種結(jié)構(gòu) 就是錯(cuò) 誤 倒裝句 so 助動(dòng)詞 BE 動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 另一主語(yǔ) 表示后者與前者一致 so 上句主語(yǔ) 助動(dòng)詞 BE 動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 真的 確實(shí)如此 Tom watched TV last night so did Ann Tom didn t watch TV last night Neither did Ann You ve left the light on So I have I ll go and turn it off 賓語(yǔ)從句 從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序 主句與從句的關(guān)系 A 主現(xiàn)從不限 B 主過(guò)從過(guò) C 真金不怕火煉 The earth moves around the sun 常見(jiàn)的賓語(yǔ)從句 She says that I hope think feel wonder I wonder if he will join us in the discussion tonight Could you tell show me Could you please tell me where the teacher s office is Do you know Do you know where Mr Li lives Please tell me She asked me I don t know I don t know whether Tom will go or not 定語(yǔ)從句 that 和 which 在指物的情況下一般都可以互換 但在下列情況下 一般用 that 而不 用 which 1 先行詞為 all everything nothing something anything little much 等 不定代詞時(shí) I am sure she has something that you can borrow 2 先行詞被 all every no some any little much 等修飾時(shí) I ve read all the books that are not mine 3 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) This is the first book that he has read 4 先行詞被 the only the very the same the last 修飾時(shí) This is the very book that belongs to him 一般用 that 而不用 who 1 先行詞是 who 或 who 引導(dǎo)的主句 Who is the girl that drove the car Who that broke the window will be punished 2 主句以 There be 引導(dǎo)時(shí) There are 200 people that didn t that 和 which 在指物的情況下一般都可以互換 但在下列情況下 一般用 which 而不 用 that 1 關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中緊跟介詞作賓語(yǔ) 介詞提前 Those are many trees under which they can have a rest 2 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 Football which is a very popular game is played all over the world 后跟 ing 的詞有 Finish doing Before 2008 Beijing we will finish building the Olympic Park enjoy doing 喜歡做某事 I enjoy reading English loudly mind doing 介意 反對(duì) 做某事 would you mind opening the window practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 we should practice speaking English as often as possible be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 feel like doing sth want to do sth 想要做某事 spend in doing sth 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 stop prevent keep from doing 阻止某人做某事 have trouble problem a hard time doing sth 做某事很困難 Have fun doing sth have a good time doing sth 做某事很快樂(lè) go on doing sth 接著做原來(lái)做著的事 go shopping swimming skating surfing do some running washing cooking 介詞 for with without about 后跟動(dòng)詞原形 why don t you why not you d better not would you please not make let have 注意 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中 t o 要加上 后跟 ing 和 TO 的區(qū)別 developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 stop to do sth 停下手中的事而去做另外的事 事情有兩件 Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情 事情只有一件 Remember to do sth 記住要去做某事 事情沒(méi)有做 Remember doing sth 記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事 事情已經(jīng)做 Forget to do sth 忘記去做某事 事情沒(méi)做 Forget doing sth 忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情 事情已經(jīng)做 Try to do sth 努力去做某事 Try doing sth 試著去做某事 Go on to do sth 做完一件事 接著改做另外一件事 Go on doing sth 繼續(xù)不停地做某事 See hear sb doing do 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Can 能 可能 表示能力 猜測(cè) 過(guò)過(guò)式 could 可能 也許 主要用在疑問(wèn)句 否定句中 表示懷疑 估計(jì) 不用肯定句中 對(duì) could 的委婉語(yǔ)氣回答一般不直接用 yes 和 no 要用 certainly of course Ok Sure would you please not do would you like to play football with me tonight Yes I d love to Sorry I am busy Yes I d love to But would you like some bananas Yes please No thanks 在表示請(qǐng)求 委婉語(yǔ)氣的疑問(wèn)句和表示希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答的問(wèn)句中 常用 some Could you give me some apples May 可以 表許可 may I 回答 Yes you may Yes of course No you may not No you d better not 也許 可能 表猜測(cè) 但把握性不是很大 maybe perhaps 是副詞 放在句首或句末 May be 和 Maybe 不同 Must Must I 否定回答用 No you needn t No you don t have to 必須 應(yīng)該 mustn t 禁止 絕對(duì)不能 must 表主觀 Have to 表客觀 Don t have to needn t must 一定 用于表推測(cè) 表示有很大的把握時(shí)用 只用于肯定句 不用疑問(wèn)句 否定句中 can t 有不可能之意 Need don t have to do sth needn t do sth 肯定回答 Yes must 否定回答 No needn t 不定式 不定式常跟在以下及物動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ) want like wish hope try ask start begin forget remember learn choose agree tell decide need E g Want to do sth Ask sb not to do sth Tell sb to do sth Decide to do sth Would like to do sth Set out to do sth Warn sb to do sth Help sb to do sth 動(dòng)詞不定式還可用在某些表示感情的形容詞之后 glad happy pleased sorry sad afraid 不定式作賓語(yǔ)的有 something to drink eat have sth to do the way to do sth 不定式作賓語(yǔ) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 what where 不定式 where to go 主謂一致 1 鄰近和靠近原則 由 there be either or neither nor not only but also 連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵守就近原則 2 Either of neither of each of 作主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 3 Each every many a no 修飾并列單句時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 4 在百分?jǐn)?shù) 分?jǐn)?shù)等后 如跟可數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 如跟不可數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 5 表示時(shí)間 重量 長(zhǎng)度 價(jià)值等名詞作為主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 6 動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 7 算術(shù)題中主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 8 The number of 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) A number of 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用復(fù)數(shù) 9 One and a half 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 單詞的詞性變化 單詞的詞性變化 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~ e r r cl