語(yǔ)法：初中英語(yǔ)中必須掌握的八種否定形式.docx

語(yǔ)法：初中英語(yǔ)中必須掌握的八種否定形式1完全否定英語(yǔ)中的完全否定可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither.nor, nowhere等表示。如：1.Nothing is difficult for him. 沒(méi)什么難得到他。2.Mary never has beef. 瑪麗從來(lái)不吃牛肉。3.Neither answer is correct. 兩種答案都不對(duì)。2部分否定英語(yǔ)中表示“全體”意義的代詞, 形容詞或副詞。如：all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等與not搭配時(shí)，通常表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是”“不完全是”“不是每個(gè)都是”等。例如：1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fools jokes.并不是每個(gè)人都覺(jué)得這些玩笑有趣。2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. 對(duì)食物的好惡似乎并不總與營(yíng)養(yǎng)有關(guān)。比較：Nothing makes him happy.（全部否定）沒(méi)有哪一件事情讓他開(kāi)心。Not everything makes him happy.（部分否定）并不是每一件事都讓他開(kāi)心。None of the students went to visit the science museum last week.（完全否定）上周沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生去參觀科技博物館。Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week.（部分否定）上周并不是所有的學(xué)生都去參觀了科技博物館。3幾乎否定（半否定）一些半否定詞表否定之意。他們不可再與否定詞連用，他們與謂語(yǔ)肯定式連用，構(gòu)成幾乎否定句。如：hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等詞。例如：1.I could hardly hear what he said.我?guī)缀鯖](méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他說(shuō)了什么。2.There is little water in the bottle, isnt there?瓶子里幾乎沒(méi)有水，不是嗎?4雙重否定雙重否定句由not + 具有否定意義的詞構(gòu)成，形成“否定+否定=肯定”的語(yǔ)言效果。雙重否定可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以表示委婉的含義。例如：1.Her name cant escape me forever.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了她的名字。2.The songs never fail to make the children smile.這些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。5轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定，即句中的否定雖然出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)部分，否定范圍卻不在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本身，而轉(zhuǎn)移到了句子中的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或其他成分上。這種形式在初中比較常見(jiàn)的有以下兩種情況：1.轉(zhuǎn)移否定多用于表思維活動(dòng)如：believe(相信), expect(期望), hope(希望), imagine(想象), think(認(rèn)為)等。例如：I dont think he will pass the exam.我認(rèn)為他考試會(huì)不及格的。2.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表感覺(jué)的系動(dòng)詞，通常也用于轉(zhuǎn)移否定句這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：seem(好像), feel(感覺(jué)), appear(出現(xiàn)), look like(看起來(lái)像)等。例如：It doesnt look like its going to rain.=It looks like it isnt going to rain. 好象不會(huì)下雨。No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的學(xué)習(xí)，他似乎永遠(yuǎn)也考不及格。6運(yùn)用某些結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)否定意義1.too.to 太而不能He is too tired to walk. 他太累了，走不動(dòng)了。2.more A than B（與其B不如A）或more than +含有can的從句The young man is more brave than wise.這年輕人有勇無(wú)謀。The gratitude for your help is more than I can express.對(duì)于你給我的感激之情我無(wú)法言表。3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿（喜歡）而不愿，例如：He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them.他喜歡自己寫(xiě)信而不愿口授自己的信。7運(yùn)用含否定意義的詞或詞組表否定意義1.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)表否定意義，如：differ from 與不同prefer.to. 喜歡而不喜歡keep/prevent/stop/protect . from 阻止，使不keep off 不接近， 不讓接近lose sight of 看不見(jiàn)例如：The Great Green Wall stops the sand from moving to the rich land in the south. 綠色長(zhǎng)城阻止了風(fēng)沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。He lost sight of his wife and went away alone.他沒(méi)看見(jiàn)他的妻子，獨(dú)自走了。Sally prefers singing to dancing.莎麗喜歡唱歌而不喜歡跳舞。2.動(dòng)詞表否定意義如，absent(缺席), fail(不及格), refuse(拒絕), miss(未趕上，錯(cuò)過(guò)), escape(被忘掉)等。例如：Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?昨天你為什么不來(lái)上學(xué)？He missed the 9:30 train and therefore missed the accident.他沒(méi)趕上9:30的那班火車(chē),也因此而逃過(guò)那次車(chē)禍.3.介詞表否定意義without(無(wú)，沒(méi)有), against(反對(duì)), beyond(超出，無(wú)法), except/but(除外), past(超過(guò)), off(離開(kāi)), above(超出之外)等。例如：I cant finish the work without your help.沒(méi)有你的幫助,我完不成這工作。His conduct has always been above suspicion.他的行為一直無(wú)可置疑。His stupidity is past all belief.他的愚蠢簡(jiǎn)直不可思義。8運(yùn)用連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)表否定意義運(yùn)用連詞bef