小學英語語法總結與練習(包括六年級).doc

感嘆句感嘆句是表達喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚奇、驚訝等強烈感情的句子。感嘆句通常由 what 或 how 引導?，F(xiàn)分述如下：一、由 what 引導的感嘆句，其句子結構可分為以下三種：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an 形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！”。如：What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的禮物??！What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的書?。?. 可用句型：“ What 形容詞可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)主語謂語！”。如：What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花??！What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子??！3. 可用句型：“ What 形容詞不可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！”。如：What fine weather it is today! 今天天氣多好??！What important news it is! 多重要的新聞啊！二、由 how 引導的感嘆句，其句子結構也分為三種：1. 可用句型：“ How 形容詞 / 副詞主語謂語！”。如：How careful she is! 她多么細心?。ow fast he runs! 他跑得多快??！2. 可用句型：“ How 形容詞 a/an 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！”。如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是個多么漂亮的姑娘??！3. 可用句型：“ How 主語謂語！”。如： How time flies! 光陰似箭！由 what 引導的感嘆句與由 how 引導的感嘆句有時可以轉換，但句中部分單詞的順序要有所變化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!三、有時感嘆句也可以由一個單詞、詞組、祈使句、陳述句等構成。如： Good idea! （好主意?。﹚onderful! （太精彩了！） Thank goodness! （謝天謝地?。└袊@句巧解：感嘆句要看后面，即看形容詞后的東東，1) 若形容詞后緊跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，就用what a/an；是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，只用what。2）若形容詞后后緊跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Toms等等亂七八糟的東西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是個多么好的男孩??！例句2：What good boys they are! 他們是多么好的男孩啊！例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天氣啊！例句4：How good the boy is! 這男孩多好?。?若沒有形容詞，而出現(xiàn)副詞或是句子，直接用how.例：i)How well he plays the guitar!（what不可以修飾副詞，看到副詞直接用how）ii)How time flies!( 句子) iii)How fast Liu Xiang runs打油詩一首: 感嘆句往后看；形容詞后是名單；就用what a或what an；形后若是不可數(shù)或名復數(shù)；只用what就可以；形容詞后亂糟糟；只寫how就OK了。感嘆句專項練習一、填入適當?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are!二、選擇填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an三、所給句子填空，使填空句變?yōu)橄鄳母袊@句：1. The boy swam very fast.（同義句）_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. （同義句）_ _ the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同義句）_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同義句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students are listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!時態(tài)復習：一、 一般現(xiàn)在時 1.概念：經常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 2.時間狀語： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本結構：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式） 4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont, 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。Eg:i) It seldom snows here. Ii) He is always ready to help others. Iii) Action speaks louder than words.課堂練習1：按照要求改寫句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) Daniel TV every evening.2. I do my homework every day .(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答) you homework every day？No,I .3. She likes milk.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答） she milk? Yes.,she .4. Simon is from Beijing.(同義句改寫) Simon Beijing.5. Millie is clever at Maths.(同義句改寫) Millie Maths .6、Sandy has long hair in a ponytail. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答) Sandy long hair in a ponytail? Yes , .7、Simon and Daniel are good friends .(改為否定句) Simon and Daniel _ good friends.8、We are in the school football team. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答) you in the school football team? Yes, .9、Amy likes playing computer games. (改為一般疑問句并作否定回答) _ Amy _ playing computer games? No, _ _.10、We go to school every morning . (改為否定句) We _ _ to school every morning.11、She is always ready to help others. (改為一般疑問句并作否定回答) _ she always ready to help others? No, _ _.12、The earth goes around the sun. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)_ the earth _ around the sun? Yes, _ _.13、He speaks English very well. (改為否定句) He _ speak English well.14、John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問) Where _John _ from?15、I like taking my dog for a walk after supper.What _ you _ _ after supper?.改錯:1.Is your brother speak English? 2. Does he looks like his father? 3.He likes play games after class. 4. Mr Wu teachs us English. 5. She doesnt her homework on Sundays. 二、 一般過去時 1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。 2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本結構：be動詞；行為動詞 的過去式 4.否定形式：主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句：was或were放句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。 Eg:i)She often came to help us in those days. Ii) I didnt know you were so busy.課堂練習2寫出下列動詞的三單現(xiàn)和過去式 go _ _ enjoy _ _ buy _ _ eat_ _ get _ _ walk _ _ take_ _ dance_ _ write _ _ run_ _swim_ _ find _ _begin_ _ play _ _ study _ _句型轉換1. The children had a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音樂會) 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_3. Ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_4. Last week I read an English book. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 對劃線部分提問：_對劃線部分提問：_5. She had some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 對劃線部分提問：_6. They read English last night. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 對劃線部分提問：_三、現(xiàn)在進行時 1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。 2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本結構：主語+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主語+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。Eg: i)How are you feeling today? Ii) He is doing well in his lessons.四、現(xiàn)在完成時 1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 2.時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結構：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 4.否定形式：主語+have/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問句：Have或Has 放于句首。 Eg:i)Ive written an article. Ii) The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 課堂練習4：I用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice4. He _ just _ (finish) his homework.5. _ the young woman ever _(travel) to England?6. _ each of you _(read) “Gone with the wind” yet?7. Have you _(get) any new CDs?8. My family have never _ (be) to Sanya.9. They _ ever _ (eat) fish and chips.10. I _ just _ (lose) my science book.11. Has Tom _ (finish) his work?12. I have already _ (read) this book.13. She hasnt _(return) her book yet.14. _ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.15. My father _just _(come) back from work. He is tired now.16. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.17. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it _ (become) a large city.18. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.19. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.20. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.21. I _ just _ (finish) my homework.22. He _ (go) to school on foot every day.23. _ you _ (find) your science book yet?24. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.25. She doesnt like the children _ (play) in the room.26. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in.27. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree.28. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday.29. How many sheep _ you _ (get)? Only one.30. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere?II.句型轉換(每空一詞)。1. I have been to Macau before.(改否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ learned English ?4 I bough a new bike just now.(用just改寫) I _ just _ a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three yearsIII. 填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabels Restaurant last night.Diana： No, it wasnt me. I never there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they? Where they ? Sue：To Florida, again.Sam： How many times they there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Joe： Can I have an apple, please?Mary： We havent got any. I not to the shops today.4. Alan： Wheres Tony?Mary： Hes got a headache so he to bed.5. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： Shes out, Im afraid. She to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She already to the cinema three timesthis week.IV. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.單項選擇 ：課后作業(yè)1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. Has bought B. Has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C.already have asked D.asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years already. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. Youd better go on _ English. A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study 五、 一般將來時 1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。 2.時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本結構：主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語+will/shall + do+其他 4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are not going to do ；主語+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 Eg：i)They are going to have a competition with us in studies. Ii) It is going to rain.課堂練習3( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _（不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.( ) 16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go( ) 17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing( ) 18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; wi