《醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語速記》PPT課件

醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語速記howtomastermedicaltermrapidly,認(rèn)識世界的基本方法：3“w”原則,whatwhyhow,what,thrombocytopenialymphocyticleukemia,醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語（medicalterm）:上述這些單詞來源于希臘或拉丁詞根,有特定的醫(yī)學(xué)含義，我們將之統(tǒng)稱為醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語;醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語學(xué)（medicalterminology）：將專門研究它的學(xué)問稱為醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語學(xué):anintroductiontothelanguageofveterinaryandhumanmedicine.,上述的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語有的人可能不認(rèn)識，但下面的單詞相信您是認(rèn)識的,carcinoma癌hepatitis肝炎cholesterol膽固醇,why,三個數(shù)字10萬：醫(yī)學(xué)辭典1.0萬：常用醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯0.1萬：每年醫(yī)學(xué)新詞,醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語究竟有多少?很難說清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下1萬條左右，若包括較常用的在內(nèi)總有數(shù)萬條；一部比較完全的醫(yī)學(xué)詞典，通常都收載有10萬條左右的醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯。,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)及其邊緣科學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展，新的術(shù)語仍在與日俱增。特別是最近幾十年來，每年差不多要出現(xiàn)1000條左右新術(shù)語。因而總的說來，醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語的條數(shù)是一個非?？捎^的數(shù)量。,除了上述三個原因以外，還有一個“詞條冗長”的問題。固然有些醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語和普通的英語單詞差不多，僅由幾個字母或十幾個字母組成，通過反復(fù)地讀和寫能夠記住它們，但也有不少的醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語，卻是長長的一大串.,例如：cystoureteropyelonephritis膀胱輸尿管腎盂腎炎hepatocholangioenterostomy肝管小腸吻合術(shù),請看這樣的醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語，一般由30個字母組成，如果憑藉我們的記憶能力，硬是把它們一個字母一個字母地連續(xù)背下來，顯然也不是一件輕松的事。,問題已經(jīng)擺出來了，一個是數(shù)量大，一個是詞條長，怎么解決呢?我們能不能仔細(xì)地研究分析一下這千千萬萬條醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語的構(gòu)成規(guī)律，找出一條“捷徑”來，使其由多至少、化繁為簡、從難變易，以利于我們更快、更多、更好地把它們掌握起來?,howtomastermedicaltermrapidly,規(guī)律性,medicalterm：按構(gòu)詞規(guī)則構(gòu)成的詞占80；另一部分是人名，藥名等構(gòu)成的詞,占20；,先介紹幾個有關(guān)詞結(jié)構(gòu)方面的概念。,詞根是一個單詞的核心詞綴包括前綴和后綴（prefixandsuffix）詞素（morpheme）泛指詞根和詞綴一條醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語的構(gòu)成，“原則上”應(yīng)該是采用來源一致的詞素。當(dāng)以兩個或兩個以上詞素構(gòu)成一條醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語時，為了讀音上的便利，常常需要在兩個詞素之間額外加上一個“連合元音”(也叫“復(fù)合形”或“結(jié)合形”，combiningform)。一般說來，在兩個希臘詞素之間常加用元音“o”，而在兩個拉丁詞素之間常加用元音“i”(但有時也有例外)。,第一章醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語構(gòu)詞規(guī)則,下面先舉出幾個例子，以便取得一個初步印象。,希臘詞素連合元音希臘詞素希臘詞素pyel十o十nephr十itis詞根(腎盂)詞根(腎)詞尾(炎)pyelonephritis腎盂腎炎,希臘詞素連合元音希臘詞素連合元音希臘詞素leuk+o+cyt+o+peria詞根(白)詞根(細(xì)胞)詞尾(減少，不足)1eukocytopenia白細(xì)胞減少,拉丁詞素連合元音拉丁詞素mult十i十para詞根(多)詞尾(產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)婦)multipara多產(chǎn)婦,拉丁詞素連合元音希臘詞素希臘詞素fibr十o十chondr+itis詞根(纖維)詞根(軟骨)詞尾(炎)fibrochondritis纖維軟骨炎,醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語分類,從屬關(guān)系：詞根+詞綴關(guān)系并列關(guān)系：詞根+詞根,從屬關(guān)系：詞根+詞綴關(guān)系,gastr+o+itisgastritis胃炎規(guī)則一：后綴以元音開頭，“o”省略leuk+o+cyt+o+penia詞根(白)詞根(細(xì)胞)詞尾(減少）規(guī)則二：后綴以輔音開頭，“o”不能省略leukocytopenia白細(xì)胞減少,并列關(guān)系：詞根+詞根規(guī)則：元音（o）不能省略,gastr+o+enter+o+ic胃腸的并列關(guān)系從屬關(guān)系hepat+o+cholangi+o+enter+o+ostomy并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系從屬關(guān)系肝管小腸吻合,第二節(jié)常用后綴,簡單后綴復(fù)合后綴,簡單后綴:-ia(2),condition-病，-癥,復(fù)合后綴：-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,-ectasia,-malacia,-odynia,-plegia,-uria,-penia,-peniadeficiency,lack不足，缺少,減少,leucopenia白細(xì)胞減少erythropenia紅細(xì)胞減少lymphopenia淋巴細(xì)胞減少thrombopenia血小板減少,單詞重音在倒數(shù)第二音節(jié)的詞尾,-escence(2)adolescence-escent(2)adolescent-ian(2)pediatrician元音+tion(2)accomodation-ious(2)infectious-ate(2)reticulate-ity(2)disability,-uriaurinecondition尿（癥）hematuria(hemat/uria)血尿,-plegiastroke,paralysis中風(fēng)，麻痹,thermoplegia(therm/o/plegia)熱射病，中暑,-odyniapain痛,cardiodynia心痛,-malaciasoftening軟化,osteomalacia(oste/o/malacia)骨軟化,-ectasiaorectasisstretching,dilatation擴(kuò)張，膨脹,nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia)腎擴(kuò)張,-ectasis擴(kuò)張,angiectasis血管擴(kuò)張bronchiectasis支氣管擴(kuò)張,-algiapain痛,arthralgia(atther/algia)關(guān)節(jié)痛neuralgia神經(jīng)痛arthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛,-emiabloodcondition血病,血癥,leukemia(leuk/emia)白血病bacteremia菌血癥septicemia敗血癥hypercholesterolemia高膽固醇血癥,-orrhagia出血,gastrorrhagia胃出血,簡單后綴-y:condition,act,process-術(shù)，-法，-癥,復(fù)合后綴-metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)rrhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megaly,-scopy(3)examination,processofexaminingvisually鏡檢查，視診,laryngoscopy喉鏡檢查bronchoscopy支氣管鏡檢查gastroscopy胃鏡檢查colonoscopy結(jié)腸鏡檢查cystoscopy膀胱鏡檢查,-ostomyprocessofmakinganopeningintooraconnectionbetween開口或吻合造口(術(shù))或吻合(術(shù)),anastomosis吻合術(shù)colostomy結(jié)腸造口術(shù)gastrostomy胃造口術(shù),-(o)rrhaphysuturing,processofsuturing縫合術(shù),Hermiorrhaphy疝縫術(shù),疝修補(bǔ)術(shù),-rrhaphy縫合術(shù),colporrhaphy陰道縫合術(shù)herniorrhaphy疝縫合術(shù),-plasty(4)surgicalreshapingorrepair成形術(shù)arthroplasty關(guān)節(jié)成形術(shù)urethroplasty尿道成形術(shù)osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty)骨成形術(shù),成形術(shù),-pexy,afixingorsettingfirmlyinplacebysuturing固定術(shù)hepatopexy肝固定手術(shù),-ology(3)actorprocessofstudying學(xué),Pharmacology藥理學(xué),-logist(3)onewhostudiesandtreats學(xué)者和治療者,urologist(ur/o/logist)泌尿?qū)＜?-iatryoriatricshealing愈合,醫(yī).之術(shù),podiatry醫(yī)足術(shù),-graphy(3)processofrecording描記術(shù)-graph(3)thatwhichrecords描記器-gram(3)therecorditself描記圖,-ectomyexcision,processofcuttingout切除(術(shù)),laryngectomy喉切除術(shù)thyroidectomy甲狀腺切除術(shù)mastectomy乳房切除術(shù)cholecystectomy膽囊切除術(shù)appendectomy闌尾切除術(shù),-otomyincision,processofcuttinginto切開(術(shù)),laparotomy剖腹術(shù)tracheotomy氣管切開術(shù)cramiotomy顱骨切開術(shù),-metrymeasurement測量,測定(術(shù)）,dynamometry肌力測量法pelvimetry骨盆測量法,-megalylarge大,atriomegaly心房肥大ventriculomegaly心室擴(kuò)大splenomegaly脾大typhlomegaly盲腸巨大,-eaninstrument器械或名詞后綴,復(fù)合后綴：-scope,-tome,-cele,-cyte,-tomeinstrumentforcutting刀,arthrotome關(guān)節(jié)刀,-cytenounmarker,referringtoacell細(xì)胞,leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte)白細(xì)胞,-celehernia,herniation突出，疝，腫,thyrocele(thyr/o/cele)甲狀腺腫,-scopeinstrumentforviewing鏡,laryngoscope喉鏡bronchoscope支氣管鏡laparoscope腹腔鏡ophthalmoscope檢眼鏡,-itis(2)inflammation炎癥hepatitis(hepat/itis)肝炎,-istonewhospecializesin的專家，學(xué)者,dermatologist皮膚病專家,-or(er)referstoadoer,eitherapersonorthing工作者(人或工具),incisor(in/cis/or)切牙,-osis(2)acondition,usuallyabnormalorpathological異?；虿±砬闆rsclerosis(scler/osis)硬化癥,-oma(2)swelling,tumor腫脹，腫瘤,sarcoma(sar/oma)肉瘤,-ismacondition,usuallytheresultofapriorcondition情況，前一情況的結(jié)果,embolism(em/bol/ism)栓塞,-(i)um(2)referstoapartinrelationtoawhole,relatedto部分與整體關(guān)系，與有關(guān),pericardium(peri/cardi/um)心包epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium)上腹部,-ac的,cardiac(cardi/ac)心臟的,-al的,bronchial(bronch/i/al)支氣管的,-ar的,tonsillar(tonsill/ar)扁桃體的,-ic(2)的,hepatic(hepat/ic)肝的,-eal的,esophageal(esophag/eal)食道,-ary的,ciliary(cili/ary)睫狀的,-ous的含的分泌的,mucous(muc/ous)粘液的fibrous(fibr/ous)纖維性的sebaceous(seb/ace/ous)皮脂的,-oid(3)類似，象,cystoid(cyst/oid)囊樣的,-meterinstrumentformeasuring測量用器具,thermoneter(therm/o/meter)溫度計,-meter(3)計、表,spiromet呼吸量計,肺量計ophthalmometer檢眼計,-(o)rrhea(1)flow,discharge流出，分泌,diarrhea(dia/rrhea)腹瀉,-lysisdissolution溶解decomposition解體,hemolysis(hem/o/lysist)溶血,-pathydisease,diseasedcondition病，病理情況,ophthalmopathy眼病,-blastacellthatisundifferentiated,primitive,embryonic未分化的原始胚細(xì)胞,hemocytoblast成血細(xì)胞、原血細(xì)胞,-centesissurgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid外科穿刺吸液,amniocentesis羊膜穿刺術(shù),-centesis穿刺術(shù),paracentesis穿刺術(shù)thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺術(shù)amniocentesis羊膜穿刺術(shù)abdominocentesis腹腔穿刺術(shù),-clysiswashing,introductionoffluidforthepurposeofirrigation洗,bronchoclysis(bronch/o/clysis)支氣管灌洗,-ptosisafalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan落下,nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis)腎下垂,-ptysis咳、咯,hemoptysis咯血pyoptysis咯膿,-(o)rrhexisrupture破裂,hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis)肝破裂,-sclerosisahardening硬化,arteriosclerosis(hepat/o/sclerosis)動脈硬化,-stasisarresting,halting停止，制止,bacteriostasis(bacteri/o/stasis)制菌作用,-stenosisanarrowing,astricture變狹，狹窄,arteriostenosis(arteri/o/stenosis)動脈狹窄,-gram圖像,electrocardiogram心電圖electroencephalogram腦電圖,-graph描記器,pneumograph呼吸描記器,-emesis嘔吐,emetic催吐的antiemetic止吐的,50個常用詞根,adenangiarteriarthrblepharbronchcardicelicephalcerebr,glandvesselarteryjointeyelidbronchusheartabdomen(abdominalcavity)headcerebrum,brain,50個常用詞根,cheilcholangidermatencephalentererythresophaggastrhepathypn,lipbileductskinbrainintestinesredesophagusstomachliversleep,50個常用詞根,hysterlaparlaryngmammmeningmymyelmyelonnephrneur,uterusabdomenlarynxbreastmeningesmusclebonemarrow;spinalcordbonemarrowkidneynerve,50個常用詞根,psychrachirhinsplenstomatthoractracheurethrutervesic,mindvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumnnosespleenmouththorax(chest)tracheaurethrauterusbladder;sac,50個常用詞根,ophthalmorchidosteotpancreatpharyngphrenpleurpneumonproct,eyetestis;testicleboneearpancreaspharynxmindpleuralung;airrectum,第三節(jié)前綴a-,用于非h或非元音字母開頭的形容詞前（否則，變?yōu)閍n-）,a+adjadj表否定:withoutorabsenceof不,無,沒有,缺離amorphous無定形的apnea呼吸暫停anhydrosis無汗癥,a-,用在名詞前,含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意：a+nadvasleep在熟睡中(in)ahead在前頭(in)aside在一邊（by）abreast肩并肩地（with）,a-,a+nadjalight燃燒的,a-,a+adjadvaloud高聲地aright正確地,ab-from,awayfrom從，離開,在m,p,v之前用a-;在c,q,t之前用ab-abarticular關(guān)節(jié)脫位,ad-to,toward,near向，靠近，到上,adrenal腎上腺,ad-,在在g前變?yōu)閍gf前變?yōu)閍f,afferent在l前變?yōu)閍l在n前變?yōu)閍n在r前變?yōu)閍r在s前變?yōu)閍s在t前變?yōu)閍t在sc,sp,st前變?yōu)閍-在c,k,q同化成ac,ana-up,backagain向上，重回到,anabolism合成代謝,ante-before在前anteflexion前屈,bi(n,s)two,double兩，加倍,二,biceps二頭肌,auto-self自己,autotrophic自營的,apo-upon在之上,apogee遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn),anti-against反抗,antidote解毒劑,antero-front前,anteroposterior前后的,circum-around環(huán)行，圍繞,circumduction環(huán)行運(yùn)動,brady-slow緩慢的,bradycardia心率緩慢,cata-down,catabiosis老化現(xiàn)象,co(n)-with,together與，在一起,cocarcimogenesis輔致癌物質(zhì),co(n)-,h或元音字母前變成co-,l前變成col-b,m,p前變成com-r前變成cor-在c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v前用con-,contra-against反抗,contraceptive節(jié)育,dia-though;complete通過，透過，橫過,diarthermy透熱法,di-twice,double二倍，加倍,diarthric兩關(guān)節(jié)的,de-from;downfrom;lackof從.,缺乏，脫,deoxidation脫氧,dis-,apart,freefrom,separate,toundo;freefro離開，分開dislocation脫位，脫臼二，加倍disulfide,dys-bad,painful,difficult,labored,abnormal困難的，緩慢的，疼痛的.dysentery痢疾,ec(to)-outside,outer外面，在外,ectoderm外胚層,en-（在b,m,p之前變成em-）in,within內(nèi)，在內(nèi),encephalic腦,endo-inside,inner,within內(nèi),內(nèi)部,endocrine內(nèi)分泌,eu-(mal-)good,well,normal好、正常，佳，優(yōu),euphoria欣快，精神愉快,epi-over,upon,on外面，上面,表，表位，在.上面,epigastrium上腹部,eso-inward,esocataphoria內(nèi)下隱斜視,e-外出，除去，缺,ecaudate無尾的,ex（o）-outof,from,outside,outward外面，向外的,在之外，離開,excision切除在b,d,g,h,m,n,r之前有時變成e-在f前變成ef-efferent傳出的,extra-outsideof,beyond在外面，超過,extracorporeal體外的,hemi-half(一)半,hemiparalysis偏癱,hyper-above,excessive高，過度，過多的,hypertention高血壓,hypo-under,lessthannormal,below,incomplete,deficient低少于正常,低，不足的，有缺陷的,hypoglycemia低血糖,in-in,into在內(nèi),進(jìn)入,ingestion攝入,in-not否定,不,incoagulability不凝性在b,m,p之前變成im-在l前變成il-在r前變成ir-,infra-below,lower在下,低于,infracostal肋下的,intra-within（在）內(nèi),intravenous靜脈的,inter-between在-之間,interventricular室間的,meta-after,beyond,change偏,旁,變macro-large大mal-bad,malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良meso-middlemesoderm中胚層,micro-small小multi-many多neo-（paleo-）new新nulli-none無,ob-（在c,f,g,p前分別變成oc-,of-,og-,op-）對抗，顛倒，在前，朝向，接近,obovate倒卵形的,pan-all,total(在b,m,p之前變成pam-)完全，全部，總，泛，多,panangitis血管全層炎,para-beside,alongside,abnormal,beyond,around旁，附著，異常,paranephric腎旁的，腎上腺的(-para)產(chǎn),per-through通過,peroral經(jīng)口的,post-after,behind在后，在-后方,postnasal鼻后的,peri-surrounding(outer),around周圍,perihepatitis肝周炎,pre-before,infrontof,premolar前磨牙,semi-half半,semisynthetic半合成的,pros-to,near,inadditionto到，靠近，加上,prosthetice修復(fù)學(xué),pro-before,infrontof在之前,prognosis預(yù)后,poly-many,much,polypeptide多肽,re-backretro-back;behind,sub-under,below在下,subcutaneous皮下的,supra-above,over高于，超過,supracranial顱上的,super-above,over高于，超過,superlactation泌乳過多,syn-（在b,m,p之前變成sym-）with,together,joined與在一起，合成,synapse突觸，神經(jīng)鍵,trans-across,through,over,beyond,transabdominal通過腹部的,tachy-fast;rapid,tachycardia心動過速,tetra-four,tetralogy四聯(lián)癥,tri-threetrimester三月期uni-oneunilateral單側(cè)的,ultra-beyond;excess,ultrasonic超聲的,part各系統(tǒng)常用詞根與例詞表,第一章心血管系統(tǒng),cardi(o)-心,cardiovascular心血管的cardiogenic心源性的cardiopulmonary心肺的cardiopathy心臟病,atri(o)-心房,atrial心房的atriopeptin心房肽激素atrioventricular房室的atriomegaly心房肥大,ventricul(o)-心室,ventricular(心)室的ventriculoarterial心室動脈的ventriculography心室造影術(shù)ventriculomegaly心室擴(kuò)大,valv(o)-valvul(o)-瓣膜,valvular瓣膜的valvotomy瓣膜切開術(shù)valvoplasty瓣膜成形術(shù)valvuloplasty瓣膜成形術(shù),vas(o)-angi(o)血管,vascular血管的vasoconstriction血管收縮vasodilator血管舒張(的)vasculitis脈管angiography血管造影術(shù)angiotensin血管緊張素,arteri(o)-動脈,arterial動脈的arteriography動脈造影術(shù)arteriosclerosis動脈硬化arteritis動脈炎,arteriol(o)-小動脈,arteriolar小動脈的arterioloscleroisis小動脈硬化arteriolopathy小動脈病arteriolonecrosis小動脈壞死arteriolitis小動脈炎arteriolovenous小動脈靜脈的,ven(o)-phleb(o)-靜脈,venous靜脈的venoconstriction靜脈收縮venography靜脈造影術(shù)venodilation靜脈擴(kuò)張phlebitis靜脈炎phlebotomy靜脈切開術(shù),venul(o)-小靜脈,venular小靜脈的venulitis小靜脈炎,aort(o)主動脈,aortic主動脈的aortography主動脈造影術(shù)aortitis主動脈炎aortotomy主動脈切開術(shù),capillar(o)-毛細(xì)血管,capillarity毛細(xì)作用capillaritis毛細(xì)管炎capillaropathy毛細(xì)血管病,puls(o)-脈搏,pulsed脈搏的，脈沖的pulseless無脈搏的pulsation搏動pulsate搏動,第二章呼吸系統(tǒng),-spir(o)呼吸,respiratory呼吸的expiratory呼氣的inspiratory吸氣的expire呼氣,pneum(o)-呼吸,pneumothorax氣胸pneumomediastinum縱隔積氣,pneumat(o)-呼吸,pneumatic氣的，呼吸的pneumotosis積氣癥,-pnea呼吸,apnea呼吸暫停dyspnea呼吸困難,pneo-呼吸,eupnea呼吸正常pneogram呼吸運(yùn)動描記圖,naso-鼻,nasal鼻的nasolacrimal鼻淚的,nas(o)-鼻,nasopharyngeal鼻咽的nasotracheal鼻氣管的,rhin(o)-鼻,rhinitis鼻炎rhinotracheitis鼻氣管rhinovirus鼻病毒rhinopneumonitis鼻肺炎,laryng(o)-喉,laryngeal喉的laryngitis喉炎laryngoscope喉鏡laryngoscopy喉鏡檢查,glott(o)-聲門,舌,glottic聲門的，舌的glottal聲門的glottitis舌炎glottology舌學(xué),trache(o)-氣管,tracheal氣管的trachectomy氣管切開術(shù)trachitis氣管炎tracheobronchial氣管支氣管的,bronch(o)-支氣管,bronchial支氣管的bronchoconstriction支氣管收縮bronchitis支氣管炎bronchiectasis支氣管擴(kuò)張bronchopulmonary支氣管肺的,bronchiol(o)-細(xì)支氣管,bronchiolitis細(xì)支氣管炎bronchioli(bronchiolus復(fù)數(shù))bronchiolar細(xì)支氣管的bronchiolectasis細(xì)支氣管擴(kuò)張,pulmo(n)-肺,pulmonary肺的pulmonology肺科學(xué)pulmonectomy全肺切除術(shù),pneumon(o)-肺,pneumonia肺炎pneumonectomy肺切除術(shù)pneumoconiosis塵肺病pneumococcal肺炎球菌的pneumocyte肺細(xì)胞,alveol(o)-肺泡,alveolar小泡的alveolitis肺泡炎alveoli(alveoli復(fù)數(shù))alveolocapillary肺泡毛細(xì)管的,pleur(o)-胸膜,pleural胸膜的pleuritis肺胸膜炎pleurisy胸膜炎pleuropneumonia胸膜肺炎,第三章消化系統(tǒng),-gest(o)-消化,digestive消化的maldigestion消化不良ingestion食入，攝入indigestion消化不良,peps(o)-消化,pepsin胃蛋白酶pepstatin胃酶抑素dyspepsia消化不良pepsinogenic胃蛋白原的,pharyng(o)-咽,pharyngeal咽的pharyngo1aryngeal咽喉的pharyngitis咽炎pharyngotonsillitis咽扁桃體炎pharyngoplasty咽成形術(shù)pharyngectomy咽部分切除術(shù),esophag(o)-食管,esophageal食管的esophagectomy食管切除術(shù)esophagitis食管炎esophagoscopy食管鏡檢查,gastr(o)-胃,gastrointestinal胃腸的gastrin促胃液素gastric胃的gastritis胃炎gastrectomy胃切除術(shù)gastroenterology胃腸病學(xué),stomach-胃,stomachial胃的stomachodynia胃痛stomachalgia胃痛stomachoscopy胃檢查,enter(o)-腸,enterotoxin腸毒素enterobacteriaceae腸桿菌科enteric,enteral腸的enterococcus腸球菌科,duoden(o)-十二指腸,duodenal十二指腸的duodenogastric十二指腸胃的duodenitis十二指腸炎duodenoscopy十二指腸鏡檢查,jejun(o)-空腸,jejunal空腸的jejunoileal空腸回腸的jejunitis空腸炎jejunostomy空腸造口術(shù),ile(o)-回腸,ileal回腸的ileocolic回腸結(jié)腸的ileitis回腸炎ileocolostomy回腸結(jié)腸吻合術(shù)ileocecal回腸盲腸的ileorectal回腸直腸的,colon(o)-結(jié)腸,colonic結(jié)腸的colonoplasty結(jié)腸成形術(shù)colonoscopy結(jié)腸鏡檢查colonofibroscope纖維結(jié)腸鏡,cec(o)-盲腸,cecal盲腸的cecoapendicular盲腸闌尾的cecocolonic盲腸結(jié)腸的cecorectal盲腸直腸的,typhl(o)-盲腸,typhlitis盲腸炎typhlostomy盲腸造口術(shù)typhlocolitis盲腸結(jié)腸炎typhlomegaly盲腸巨大,appendic(o)-闌尾,appendicitis闌尾炎appendiceal闌尾的append(ic)ectomy闌尾切除術(shù),sigmoid(o)-乙狀結(jié)腸,sigmoidal乙狀結(jié)腸的sigmoidoscopy乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查sigmoiditits乙狀結(jié)腸炎sigmoidostomy乙狀結(jié)腸造口術(shù),rect(o)-直腸,rectal直腸的rectocolitis直腸結(jié)腸炎rectoromanoscopy直腸乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查,an(o)-肛門,anal肛門的anorectal肛門直腸的perianal肛周的anoscopy肛門鏡檢查,procto(co)-肛門,proctalgia肛門痛proctatresia肛門閉鎖,arch(o)肛門,architis肛門炎archoptosis脫肛,cholecyst(o)-orcyst-膽囊,cholecystitis膽囊炎cholecystography膽囊造影術(shù)cho1ecystokinin縮膽素cholecystectomy膽囊切除術(shù)cholecystotomy膽囊切開術(shù)cholecyststomy膽囊造口術(shù),jec-肝,jecoral肝的jecoicacid肝酸,hepat(o)-肝,hepatic肝的heparin肝素hepatitis肝炎hepatocellular肝細(xì)胞的,pancreat(o)-胰,pancreatic胰的pancreatin胰酶pancreatitis胰腺炎pancreatopeptidase胰肽酶,choledoch(o)-膽總管,choledochal膽總管的choledochocele膽總管囊腫,cholangi(o)-膽管,cholangitis膽管炎cholangiopancreatography膽管胰造影術(shù)cholangiography膽管造影術(shù),第四章泌尿系統(tǒng),urin(o)-尿,urinary尿的，泌尿的urinalysis尿分析（法）urination排尿,ur(o)-uron(o)-尿,urology泌尿?qū)Wurodynamics尿動力學(xué)uremia尿毒癥urogenital泌尿生殖器的,ren(o)-腎,renal腎的renography腎x線照相術(shù)renin腎素renovascular腎血管的,nephr(o)-腎,nephrology腎病學(xué)nephrectomy腎切nephropathy腎病變nephritis腎炎nephron腎單位nephrotoxicity腎毒性,pelvi-腎盂,pelviscopy腎盂檢查術(shù)ueteropelvic輸尿管腎盂的pelviplasty腎盂成形術(shù)pelviureteral腎盂輸尿管的,pyel(o)-腎盂,pyelonephritis腎盂腎炎pyelography腎盂造影術(shù),ureter(o)-輸尿管,ureteral輸尿管的ureteroscopy輸尿管鏡檢查ureteric輸尿管的ureterocele輸尿管囊腫,vesic(o)-膀胱,vesical膀胱的vesicostomy膀胱造口術(shù)vesicovaginal膀胱陰道的veslcorectal膀胱直腸的,cyst(o)-膀胱,cystic囊(膀胱，膽囊)的cystoscopy膀胱鏡檢查cystitis膀胱炎cystostomy膀胱造口術(shù),meat(o)-尿道,meatal道的，口的meatoscope尿道窺鏡meatotomy尿道口切開術(shù)meatoplasty尿道成形術(shù),urethr(o)-尿道,urethral尿道的urethritis尿道炎u(yù)rethrotomy尿道切開術(shù)urethroplasty尿道成形術(shù),第五章內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng),secret(o)-分泌,secretory分泌的secretagogue促分泌的secrete分泌secretin促胰液素,crin(o)-分泌,endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)endocrinopathy內(nèi)分泌病endocrine內(nèi)分泌的autocrine自分泌,gland腺,prostaglandin前列腺素glandula腺，小腺glandular腺的,aden(o)-腺,adenosine腺(嘌呤核)苷adenovirus腺病毒adenocarcinoma腺癌adenoma腺瘤,hypothalam(o)-下丘腦,hypothalamic下丘腦的hypothalamitis下丘腦炎hypothalamoneurohypophyseal下丘腦-神經(jīng)垂體系統(tǒng),hypophys(o)-垂體,hypophyseal垂體的pituitarism垂體機(jī)能障礙hypophysiotropic促垂體的hypophysectomy垂體切除術(shù)hypophyseoprivic垂體分泌缺乏的,pineal(o)松果體,pinealopathy松果體病pinealectomy松果體切除術(shù)pinealoma松果體瘤pinealism松果體機(jī)能障礙,thyr(o)-甲狀腺,thyroiditis甲狀腺炎thyroxine甲狀腺素hyrotrophin促甲狀腺激素thyroglobulin甲狀腺球蛋白triiodothyronine三碘甲腺原氨酸,adren(o)-腎上腺,odrenaline腎上腺素adrenergic腎上腺素能的adrenoceptor腎上腺素能受體adrenocorticotrophic促腎上腺素皮質(zhì)的,gonad(o)-性腺,gonadotropin促性腺激素gonadal性腺的gonadorelin促性腺激素釋放激素,第六章肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng),muscul(o)-肌肉,muscular肌的musculoskeletal肌骨胳的musculotendinous肌腱的,my(o)-肌肉,myocardial心肌的myopathy肌病myocyte肌細(xì)胞myometrium子宮肌層,osse(o)-骨,osseocartilaginous骨軟骨的osseous骨的,oste(o)-骨,osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松癥osteosarcoma骨肉瘤osteoarthritis骨關(guān)節(jié)炎o(hù)steomyelitis骨髓炎,cartilagin(o)-軟骨,cartilaginoid軟骨樣的cartilaginous軟骨的,chondr(o)-軟骨,chondrocyte軟骨細(xì)胞chondrosarcoma軟骨肉瘤,ten(o)-tend(o)腱,tendomyopathy肌腱炎tendosynovitis腱鞘炎tendinitis腱炎tenalgia腱痛,ligament(o)-韌帶,ligamentous韌帶的ligamentrupture韌帶破裂,skelet(o)-骨骼,skeletal骨骼的skeletology骨骼學(xué),crani(o)-顱骨,cranial顱的craniotomy顱骨切開術(shù),spin(o)-脊柱,spinal棘的，脊柱的spinogram脊柱x線照片,rachi(o)-脊柱,rachitic佝僂病的rachischisis脊柱裂rachialgia脊柱痛rachianesthesia脊髓麻醉,coccyg(o)-尾骨,coccygeal尾骨的coccyalgia尾骨痛,sacr(o)-骶骨,sacral骶骨的sacroiliac骶髂的,cost(o)肋骨,costal肋骨的costochondral肋骨軟骨的,stern(o)-胸骨,sternocleidomastoid胸鎖乳突的,ischi(o)-坐骨,ischial/ischiatic坐骨的ischiopupic坐骨恥骨的,articul(o)-arthr(o)-關(guān)節(jié),articular關(guān)節(jié)的arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎,第七章液體、分泌物與免疫系統(tǒng),humor-液體,humoral體液的humoralism體液學(xué)說,sangui-血液,sanguineous血液的sanguinopurulent膿血的,hema-血液,hemafecia便血hemacytometer血細(xì)胞計數(shù)器,hem(o)-血液,hemostasis止血，血停止hemopoletlc生(造)血的heme血紅素hemolysin溶血素hemophilia血友病hemodilution血液稀釋,haem(o)-血液,hemorrhage出血hemolytic溶血的hemoglobin血紅蛋白hemodialysis血液透析,haemat(o)-血液,hematology血液學(xué)hematocrit血細(xì)胞比容hemttoma血腫hematuria血尿,hemat(o)-血液,hematologic血液學(xué)的hematogenous血原性的,plasm(o)-血漿,plasmin纖維蛋白溶解酶plasminogen纖維蛋白溶酶原,sero-血清,serotonin血清素serodiagnosis血清學(xué)診斷,lymph(o)淋巴,lymphocyte淋巴細(xì)胞lymphoadenitis淋巴結(jié)炎,lact(o)-乳,lactic乳的lactate乳酸鹽lactation泌乳lactogen催乳素,galact(o)-乳,galactorrhea乳溢galactopoietic生（催）乳的galactic（催）乳液的galactocele乳腺囊腫,bili-膽汁,biliary膽汁（道、囊）的bilirubin膽紅素,chole-膽汁,cholelithiasis膽石病cholemia膽血癥,saliv(o)-唾液,salivary唾液的，涎的salivation流涎，多涎,muc(o)-粘液,mucoid粘液（樣）的mucous粘液的，分泌粘液的mucoprotein粘蛋白mucocele粘液囊腫（息肉）,myx(o)-粘液,myxoma粘液瘤myxedema粘液水腫,blenn(o)-粘液,blennadenitis粘液腺炎blennothorax粘液胸,sud(o)汗液,sudomotor催汗的，促汗的sudation發(fā)汗,hidr(o)-汗液,hidradenitis汗腺炎hidrorrhea多汗癥，大汗,sput(o)-痰,sputal痰的expectoran祛痰的，祛痰藥,fecal(o)-糞,fecal糞便的fecaloma糞結(jié),copr(o)-糞,coproculture糞培養(yǎng)coprostasis便結(jié)，糞結(jié),immun(o)-免疫,immunology免疫學(xué)immunodeficiency免疫缺陷immunization免疫（接種）immune免疫，有免疫應(yīng)答的immunity免疫力immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白,thym(o)-胸腺,thymic胸腺的thymoma胸腺瘤,splen(o)-脾,splenic脾的splenomegaly脾大splenectomy脾切除術(shù)splenorenal脾腎的,allerg(o)-,allergic變應(yīng)性的allergosis變應(yīng)性病allergen變應(yīng)原a11ergization致敏作用,antigen(o)-抗原,antigenic抗原的antigenicity抗原性,第八章生殖與人類學(xué)系統(tǒng),genit(o)-生殖器,genital生殖的，生殖器的genitourinary泌尿生殖的genitoplasty生殖器成形術(shù),gyne(o)-女性,gynecology婦科學(xué)gynecopathy婦科病,ovari(o)-卵巢,ovarian卵巢的ovariectomy卵巢切除術(shù)ovariorrhexis卵巢破裂ovarlocentests卵巢穿刺術(shù),uter(o)-子宮,uterotonic子宮收縮的(劑)uteroplacental子宮胎盤的uterovaginal子宮陰道的,hyster(o)-子宮,hysterectomy子宮切除術(shù)hysterotomy子宮切開術(shù)hysteroscopy子宮鏡檢查hysteria癔病,metr(o)-子宮,metronidazole甲硝唑metrorrhagia子宮出血metrocarcinoma子宮癌metritis子宮炎,oviduct(o