倒裝句 Michelle

倒裝句專題,英語句子按主謂排列順序來分有正常語序和倒裝語序。正常語序的結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+謂語”，倒裝語序為謂語（或謂語的一部分）+主語。倒裝語序分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種。完全倒裝是將整個謂語移至主語前面。例如：Thencomesthebus。部分倒裝是只將助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。例如：IssheanEnglishteacher?,一、完全倒裝：1、副詞here、there、in、out、up、down、away、back、now、then、ahead等位于句首，當謂語動詞是be、come、go、follow、run等表示位置移動的動詞，而且主語又是名詞時，需要把謂語動詞放主語之前，即完全倒裝。例句：Hereisyourletter.Aheadsatanoldwoman.,注意:A）此類倒裝不用進行時態(tài)。B）上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。,2.充當?shù)攸c狀語的介詞短語放句首，全倒。Inalecturehallofauniversitysitsaprofessor.,典型例題,1.-Letshurry.Listen!There_.-Oh，yes.Hastheteachercomeyet?-Look!Here_.Athebellgoes，ishecomingBgoesthebell，hecomesCthebellisgoing，heiscomingDgoesthebell，comeshe,二、部分倒裝：指將謂語的一部分（如助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞）倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞等，則需添加助動詞do、does或did，并將其置于主語之前。,（一）具有否定意義的副詞放句首：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little，scarely，few例句：1）NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.2）Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.,典型例題1）IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife_sohappy!(2000，spring)A.didIfeelB.IfeelC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt2）Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce_witheachother.(2003)A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled,（二）含有否定意義的連詞放句首:notonlybutalso.，neither.nor.，nosoonerthan.，scarely.than.，hardly.when.，notuntil.注意：1）notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。2）notonly，nosooner，hardly，scarely要倒，but(also)，than，when后面的句子不倒。3）neither.nor.兩部分都倒裝。,典型例題1）Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriouspollutionwas.(95)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize2）Notonly_interestedinfootballbut_beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis，allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis，areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself，areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself，allhisstudentsare,3）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow4）Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun5）NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize,（三）含有否定意義的介詞放句首：bynomeans，innotime，innocase，onnoaccount，undernocircumstances.典型例題WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermitted,（四）so，neither，nor作部分倒裝表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒裝。例句：1)TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.2)Ifyouwontgo，neitherwillI.典型例題-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow，_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,注意：當so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.-Itsraininghard.-Soitis.,典型例題-Youforgetyourpursewhenyouwentout.-Goodheavens，_.(2002)A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodid-Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.-_，and_.(1997)A.Sohehas，soyouhaveB.Sohehas，sohaveyouC.Sohashe，sohaveyouD.Sohashe，soyouhave,（五）only在句首要倒裝的情況-Onlyinthisway，canyoulearnEnglishwell.-Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。-Onlywhenheisseriouslyill，doesheeverstayinbed.,典型例題-_canyouexpecttogetapayrise.(2001)A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard-Onlyinthisway_tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.(2003)A.youcanhopeB.youdidmoreC.canyouhopeD.didyouhope,（六）as，though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。例句：-Tryhardashewill，heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.,注意:1、句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。2、句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。3、讓步狀語從句中，有though、although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。,典型例題-_，heknowsalotofthings.A.ThechildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasheisD.Childheasis-_，Ihaveneverseenanyonewhosascapable(有能力）asJohn.(2001)A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetravledsomuch,（七）虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were，should，或had，可將if省略，再把were，should或had移到從句句首，實行倒裝。-Weretheyherenow，theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow，theycouldhelpus.-Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhavemethim.-Shoulditrain，thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain，thecropswouldbesaved.,注意:在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用“were”，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。-IfIwereyou，Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會去找他。-Ifhewerehere，everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。,典型例題-_todothework，Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI-_itraintomorrow，wewouldhaveputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(94)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will-_forthetreetickets，Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmsooften.(95sh)A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HadnotitbeenD.Iftheywerenot,（八）其他部分倒裝1)so.that.，such.that.的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，若so，such和與其所修飾的詞置于句首，實行部分倒裝。e.g-Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.典型例題Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.(2001)A.IhavefeltB.ha