外文翻譯--GSM無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化.doc

GSM無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化快速增長(zhǎng)的移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量需求與有限的頻率資源之間的矛盾正嚴(yán)重困擾著移動(dòng)通信運(yùn)營(yíng)商，網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃和網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化日益受到重視。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃是移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，它對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)成本和運(yùn)行質(zhì)量都存在著很重要的影響。在國(guó)外，大多數(shù)GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)運(yùn)商對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)都非常重視，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化上投入了大量的人力、物力和財(cái)力。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)各省移動(dòng)通信公司和聯(lián)通公司在其移動(dòng)通信設(shè)備招標(biāo)過(guò)程中也把設(shè)備供應(yīng)商的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)重要的考核指標(biāo)對(duì)象，由此可看出網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化在移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中的重要意義。一、網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容首先是對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)域的前期勘測(cè)包括對(duì)地形、地貌、建筑物分布、交通和商業(yè)發(fā)展情況、居民的生活水平以及他們的生活習(xí)慣等各方面情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，從而預(yù)測(cè)目前及未來(lái)當(dāng)?shù)貪撛诘挠脩羧簲?shù)目。根據(jù)營(yíng)運(yùn)商的服務(wù)等級(jí)，從而確定整個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)主要部分的話務(wù)量分布和布站策略、站型的配置、站點(diǎn)數(shù)目、投資規(guī)模等，充分考慮到當(dāng)?shù)馗邔咏ㄖ锛八姆植迹敬_定站點(diǎn)分布和數(shù)目。對(duì)于站點(diǎn)位置的選擇及覆蓋半徑，必須考慮到話務(wù)需求量、傳播環(huán)境、上下行信號(hào)平衡等對(duì)基站覆蓋半徑的限制以及建站的綜合成本等諸多因素。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的目的是以最低的成本建造成符合近期和遠(yuǎn)期話務(wù)需求、具有一定服務(wù)等級(jí)的移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從而為業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大的支撐。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃是個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的工程，它受到多方面因素的制約，因此，它不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)問(wèn)題。在這里需特別指出的是電波傳播性能的測(cè)試，它是網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃過(guò)程中一個(gè)不容忽視的重要方面。它將被用于電波傳播模型的校正，從而預(yù)測(cè)站點(diǎn)覆蓋半徑。對(duì)站點(diǎn)覆蓋半徑的預(yù)測(cè)是否準(zhǔn)確，將直接影響到網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的質(zhì)量與成本，所以，國(guó)外的GSM營(yíng)運(yùn)商對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播性能測(cè)試都很重視。二、網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的故障分析及對(duì)策當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一旦建成以后，由于前期規(guī)劃與實(shí)際用戶發(fā)展存在一定的偏差，造成忙區(qū)資源緊張而閑區(qū)資源過(guò)剩的情況，以及用戶在通話過(guò)程當(dāng)中所碰到的如話音斷續(xù)、擁塞、無(wú)線掉話等諸多現(xiàn)象，這些都不利于業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。針對(duì)這些情況，GSM工程師們必須對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，在滿足廣大消費(fèi)者需求的同時(shí)，使現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得最佳經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，它是一項(xiàng)重要而且長(zhǎng)期的工作。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化比規(guī)劃更加復(fù)雜，在這一方面，我們的移動(dòng)通信營(yíng)運(yùn)商們，特別是從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的工程師們都有深刻的體會(huì)與教訓(xùn)，而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃密切相關(guān)，所以許多營(yíng)運(yùn)商在對(duì)已有系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)容或是新建系統(tǒng)時(shí)，都無(wú)一例外地把優(yōu)化與規(guī)劃兩部分作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)重要環(huán)節(jié)而在進(jìn)行設(shè)備招標(biāo)時(shí)把它單獨(dú)列出，由此可見(jiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃同樣重要。1故障分析（1）對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)的覆蓋、同頻鄰頻干擾小區(qū)進(jìn)行測(cè)量與分析，從而提出對(duì)小區(qū)的天線方向、天線的俯仰角、基站系統(tǒng)的最大發(fā)射功率（MAX_TX_BTS）、最大的手機(jī)發(fā)射功率(MAX_TX_MS)以及手機(jī)允許接入系統(tǒng)時(shí)的最低接入電平(RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)的調(diào)整方案。（2）對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)的話音質(zhì)量、小區(qū)切換、小區(qū)選擇、小區(qū)重選、擁塞、掉話等進(jìn)行測(cè)量與分析，找出問(wèn)題，提出解決方案。（3）據(jù)規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)各個(gè)基站的話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)、切換與掉話等情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，對(duì)小區(qū)的射頻參數(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，從而適當(dāng)調(diào)整各個(gè)小區(qū)的定向重選邊界；對(duì)小區(qū)切換邊界進(jìn)行調(diào)整，使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)各小區(qū)的話務(wù)負(fù)荷盡量均衡，并且使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋與干擾情況得以改善。網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的目的是分析系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行情況，找出現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能存在的問(wèn)題，確定解決方案，提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能，保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定、良好運(yùn)行。2系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源（1）OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各網(wǎng)元的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，可以通過(guò)OMC_R終端進(jìn)行采集。OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)是了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能指標(biāo)的重要途徑，它具有全面的網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，可以了解各個(gè)小區(qū)的話務(wù)量、信道可用率、TCH掉話率、TCH擁塞率、切換成功率、接通率等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，從而了解到各小區(qū)TCH、SDCCH、RACH等的信道占用和信令承載情況，掌握全網(wǎng)的話務(wù)和信令流量，對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題和潛在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化提供重要依據(jù)。OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果一般都具有原始數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果、圖表形式等幾種顯示方式，優(yōu)化工作一般應(yīng)根據(jù)所需檢查的指標(biāo)項(xiàng)及分析需求，選擇合適的數(shù)據(jù)顯示方式，對(duì)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析。（2）CQT，DT測(cè)試用測(cè)試手機(jī)對(duì)各小區(qū)的覆蓋場(chǎng)強(qiáng)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，并定期地做CQT測(cè)試；而對(duì)小區(qū)的擁塞、切換、掉話、話音質(zhì)量等進(jìn)行測(cè)試時(shí)，則有一部分優(yōu)秀的測(cè)試后臺(tái)分析軟件會(huì)提供對(duì)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的顯示、標(biāo)注、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等。在MOTOROLA系統(tǒng)中主要是應(yīng)用TEMS軟件來(lái)完成這一進(jìn)程，也就是數(shù)據(jù)采集的過(guò)程。路測(cè)（DRIVETEST）的目的在于評(píng)估網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體服務(wù)質(zhì)量，了解各小區(qū)的場(chǎng)強(qiáng)分布、通話質(zhì)量是否滿足要求。測(cè)試時(shí)，路測(cè)設(shè)備報(bào)告用戶所在位置、基站距離、接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度、接收信號(hào)質(zhì)量、切換點(diǎn)、相鄰小區(qū)的基本狀況、整個(gè)頻段的掃描結(jié)果等，并可完整地記錄各項(xiàng)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，便于進(jìn)行后臺(tái)分析。測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)可按地圖統(tǒng)計(jì)分布，有效地反映無(wú)線小區(qū)的覆蓋范圍、RXLEV、RXQUAL和干擾區(qū)，便于分析干擾源的位置，確定頻率配置是否合理，檢查鄰區(qū)關(guān)系和觀察切換、掉話事件的發(fā)生。此外，還能檢查天饋系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際安裝和性能是否達(dá)到預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)要求。根據(jù)測(cè)試結(jié)果，對(duì)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、天線狀態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，其中系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的調(diào)整主要包括：調(diào)整基站的發(fā)射功率、改變頻率的配置方案、切換電平的調(diào)整、相鄰小區(qū)參數(shù)設(shè)置調(diào)整、話務(wù)負(fù)荷調(diào)整以及SDCCH和TCH的配置數(shù)目和調(diào)整等，調(diào)整天線狀態(tài)對(duì)改善覆蓋、降低干擾具有重要作用。（3）對(duì)用戶的投訴加以仔細(xì)分析由于手機(jī)用戶分布的隨機(jī)性，可能遍及了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的每一個(gè)角落單元。手機(jī)能否正常呼入與呼出，他們往往是網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量好壞的最先感受者。諸如上行鏈路的隨機(jī)接入信道RACH數(shù)目的配置，下行鏈路的尋呼信道PCH和接入準(zhǔn)許信道AGCH數(shù)目的配置，獨(dú)立專用控制信道SDCCH數(shù)目的配置，小區(qū)話務(wù)是否有擁塞，是否存在盲區(qū)，小區(qū)之間是否有越區(qū)覆蓋等等，我們都可以從用戶的投訴上獲取第一手資料。GSMnetworkplanningandnetworkoptimizationBetweenthefastgrowthmobilecommunicationnetworkcapacitydemandandthelimitedfrequencyresourcescontradictionseriouslyispuzzlingthemobilecommunicationoperationbusiness,thenetworkplanningandthenetworkoptimizesreceivesdaybydaytakes.Thenetworkplanningisinthemobilecommunicationnetworkconstructionimportantlink,itallhastheveryimportantinfluenceregardingthenetworkconstructioncostandthemovementquality.Inoverseas,themajorityGSMnetworkcampconveyanceallextremelytakestothenetworkconstructions,investedthemassivemanpower,thephysicalresourceandthefinancialresourceinthenetworkplanningandtheoptimization.Atpresent,thedomesticvariousprovincesmobilecommunicationcompanyandtheassociationpassthecompanyinitsmobilecommunicationequipmenttenderprocessalsotheequipmentsuppliersnetworkplanningandtheoptimizedtechnologytookanimportantinspectiontargetobject,fromthisisworthyoflookingatthenetworkplanningandtheoptimizationinthemobilecommunicationnetworkconstructionvitalsignificance.First,networkplanningkeycontentFirstistoplanstheregionearlierperiodsurvey,includingtotheterrain,thelandform,thebuildingdistribution,thetransportationandthecommercialdevelopmentsituation,inhabitantslivingstandardaswellastheirhabitsandcustomsandsoonvariousaspectssituationcarriesonthegeneralizedanalysis,thusforecastatpresentandfuturelocalitypotentialusergroupnumber.Accordingtocampmerchantgradeofservice,thusdeterminedinentireregionmainparttrafficloaddistributionandclothstationstrategy,stationdisposition,standnumber,investmentscaleandsoon,fullyconsideredthelocalhigh-risebuildingandthetowerdistribution,basicallydeterminesthestanddistributionandthenumber.Regardingthestandpositionchoiceandthecoverradius,mustconsiderthetelephonetrafficdemandquantity,thedisseminationenvironment,aboutthegoodsignalbalanceandsoontoBTSthecoverradiuslimitaswellasthestationconstructioncomprehensivecostandsoonmanyfactors.Thenetworkplanninggoalwillbeconstructsbythelowestcostconformstothenearfutureandtheforwardtelephonetrafficdemand,hasthecertaingradeofservicethemobilecommunicationnetwork,thuswillprovidetheformidablestrutfortheservicedevelopment.Thenetworkplanningisamorecomplexproject,itreceivesthevariousfactorstherestriction,andtherefore,itnotmerelyisthesimpletechnicalquestion.Mustespeciallypointoutinhereistheradiowavepropagationperformancetest,itisinthenetworkplanningprocessanotallowtoneglectimportantaspect.Itusesintheradiowavepropagationmodeladjustment,thusforecaststhestandcoverradius.Tostandcoverradiusforecastiswhetheraccurate,directlywillaffectthenetworkconstructionqualityandthecost,therefore,theoverseasGSMoperationbusinessmanallverymuchwilltaketothenetworkdisseminationperformancetest.Second,thenetworkoptimizesfaultanalysisandcountermeasureOnceafterwhenthenetworkcompletes,becausetheearlierperiodplanandactualuserdevelopmentexistencecertaindeviation,createsthebusyarearesourcestenseandtheidlearearesourcessurplussituation,aswellastheuserlikethevoicewhichbumpsintointhemiddleofthetelephoneconversationprocessoffandon,thejam,wirelessfallsthespeechandsoonmanyphenomena,thesealldonotfavortheservicethedevelopment.Inviewofthesesituations,EngineerGSMmustcarryontheoptimizationtothenetwork,whilemeetsthegeneralconsumerneed,causestheexistingnetworktoobtainthebesteconomicefficiency,itisoneitemimportantmoreoverthelong-termwork.Becausethenetworkoptimizestheplanismorecomplexthan,ontheonehandinthis,ourmotionsignalbattalionsaltmerchants,speciallyisengagedinengineerswhothenetworkoptimizesalltohavetheprofoundexperienceandthelesson,moreovernetworkoptimizationandnetworkplanningclosecorrelation,thereforemanybattalionsofsaltmerchantsintohadsystemdilatancyperhapstimethenewlybuiltsystem,butallwithoutoneexceptionoptimizesandplanstwopartswhentocarryonasthenetworkconstructionimportantlinktheequipmenttendersalonelistsit,thusitcanbeseenthenetworkoptimizationandthenetworkplanningaresimilarlyimportant.1.faultanalyses(1)pairplanstheareacover,thefrequencyneighbouringfrequencydisturbstheplottocarryonthesurveyandtheanalysis,thusproposestotheplotantennadirection,theantennaangleofpitch,base-stationsystembiggestemissivepower(MAX_TX_BTS),biggesthandsetemissivepower(MAX_TX_MS)aswellashandsetpermissionturningontimesystemnetworkparameterandsoonlowestturningonlevel(RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)adjustmentplans.(2)pairplanstheareavoicequality,theplotcut,theplotchoice,theplotgravityseparation,thejam,fallsthespeechandsoontocarryonthesurveyandtheanalysis,discoversthequestion,proposesthesolution.(3)basisplanareaeachbasedepottelephonetrafficstatistics,thecutandfallsituationsandsoonspeechtocarryonthegeneralizedanalysis,carriesontheadjustmenttotheplotradiofrequencyparameterandthenetworkparameter,thustheappropriatereadjustmenteachplotdirectiondetectionseparatesbygravitytheboundary；Cutstheboundarytotheplottocarryontheadjustment,causesthenetworkvariousplotsthetelephonetrafficloadtobeasfaraspossiblebalanced,andcausesthenetworkthecoverandthedisturbancesituationcanimprove.Thenetworkoptimizesthegoalisanalyzesthesystemtheactualmovementsituation,discoversquestionwhichtheexistingnetwor