wn英語虛擬語氣的用法詳解fb

虛擬語氣的用法薈萃一概念虛擬語氣是指和現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)，是對真實(shí)情況的主觀臆想或是一種主觀愿望。二虛擬語氣涉及的情況1用在由IF引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中。條件句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句。A真實(shí)條件句即條件是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的客觀事實(shí)或者真實(shí)情況。如IFYOUHEATICE,ITMELTS融化IFIMAKEAPROMISE,IKEEPITIFWECATCHTHEEARLYBUS,WEWILLSHALL,CAN,MAY,GETTHEREBYLUNCHTIMEIFITISFINETOMORROW,WECANPLAYBASKETBALL客觀事實(shí)IFITRAINS,IGOTOSCHOOLONFOOTBIF引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，即虛擬條件句中。主要涉及到對三種情況的虛擬對過去的虛擬；對現(xiàn)在的虛擬；對將來的虛擬。謂語動詞的時態(tài)變化符合“倒退一步法”。對過去真實(shí)情況的虛擬，或者對過去事實(shí)完全相反的假設(shè)公式IFHADVED分詞（從句）,WOULD（COULD,MIGHT,SHOULD）HAVEVED分詞（主句）如IFWEHADSTARTEDEARLIER,WESHOULDNOTHAVEMISSEDTHETRAINIFSHEHADNTBEENILL,SHEMIGHTHAVECOMEIFTHEYHADHELPEDUS,WEWOULDHAVEFINISHEDTHETASK實(shí)際上沒幫IFIHADMADEGOODPREPATATION,IWOULDNTHAVELOSTTHEJOB對現(xiàn)在真實(shí)情況的虛擬，或者對現(xiàn)在真實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)公式IFV過去式BE多用WERE,WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT動詞原形IFIWEREABIRD,IWOULDFLYTOTHETOPOFMOUNTHUAIFIHADTIME,IWOULDGOTOTHEMOVIESWITHYOU實(shí)際上沒時間IFIHADENOUGHMONEY,IWOULDBUYTHATNEWTOYFORYOU對將來情況相反的假設(shè)公式IF。動詞過去式/SHOULD動詞原形/WERETO動詞原形,。WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT動詞原形IFITSHOULD/WERETO/RAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME下雨的可能性很小IFKOBESHOULDCOMETOOURVILLAGE,IWOULDTAKEPHOTOSWITHHIM注意虛擬語氣的倒裝語序上述1,2,3三種時態(tài)的虛擬句中,如果IF從句里含有SHOULD,HAD,WERE或其他助動詞,則可將從屬連詞IF省去,將助動詞情態(tài)動詞BE或HAVE放在句首形成部分倒裝IFIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYHADIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYIFIWEREYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYWEREIYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYIFITSHOULDRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOMESHOULDITRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME2）錯綜時間IF虛擬條件句通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的,但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式如IFIWEREYOU,IWOULDHAVETAKENHISADVICE從句指一般情況,主句指過去IFIHADTAKENMYRAINCOATWITHMETHISMORNING,IWOULDNOTBEWETNOW從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在IFIHADBOUGHTTHATTICKETLASTNIGHT,IWOULDGOTOTHETHEATER劇院WITHYOUTOMORROW3）THAT從句及其他特殊句型中的虛擬語氣A在SUGGEST,ORDER（命令）DEMAND（要求）,REQUEST（要求），REQUIRE（要求），PROPOSE（建議）,MOVE（提議），COMMAND,（指揮）,RECOMMEND（推薦）,DECIDE,INSIST（堅持）,DESIRE（渴望）,URGE（督促）等動詞后的賓語從句中要用“SHOULD動詞原形”來表示愿望,建議,命令,要求等注意由上述動詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞形式，如SUGGESTION,PROPOSAL,PLAN,MOTION,RECOMMENDATION,DEMAND,ORDER,DESIRE,REQUEST,REQUIREMENT,INSISTENCE,ADVICE,DECISION,）等的同位語從句或表語從句中也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式如賓語從句如下表HEORDERED（THAT）ALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCEIPROPOSETHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR班長THETEACHERDEMANDEDTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASSTHEDOCTORINSISTED/DECIDEDTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEAT表語從句及同位語從句如下表HISORDERWASTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE表語從句HEGAVETHEORDERTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE同位語從句MYPROPOSEWASTHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR表語從句THETEACHERSDEMANDWASTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASS（表語從句）THEDOCTORSDECISIONTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEATWASREASONABLE合理的B在ITIS/WAS某些形容詞THAT從句的句型中,THAT從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,即“SHOULD動詞原形”。這些形容詞有IMPORTANT,NECESSARY（必要的）,ESSENTIAL（關(guān)鍵的，及其重要的）,IMPERATIVE（必需的）,NATURAL,STRANGE,ADVISABLE（可取的，明智的）,DESIRABLE（可取的）,POSSIBLE,PROBABLE（很可能的）,ASTONISHING（令人震驚的）,SURPRISING,DESIRED,SUGGESTED（被建議的）,REQUESTED,（被要求的）RECOMMENDED（被推薦的）,ORDERED,PROPOSED,DECIDED,OBLIGATORY（義不容辭的,必須的,MOVED（被提議的）等如ITISNECESSARY/ESSENTIAL/IMPERATIVE/IMPORTANTTHATHESHOULDBEGIVENTHECHANCEITSORDEREDTHATHESHOULDCOMEBACKWITHOUTDELAY他被命令不許回來遲了。ITSVERYESSENTIALTHATWESHOULDLEARNTOSPEAKENGLISHUNDERTHEBACKGROUNDOFECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONITSADVISABLETHATHESHOULDTAKEPARTINTHEPARTY注意SHOULD動詞原形或完成形式”可表示驚奇,遺憾,懷疑,不滿等。I用于EXPECT,BELIEVE,THINK,SUSPECT等動詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中如INEVEREXPECTEDTHATTHENEWAPARTMENTSHOULDBESOSMALLII用于“ITISAPITY,ITISASHAME,ITISNOWONDER等THAT”等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中如ITISAPITYTHATHESHOULDBESOCARELESSIII在由FORFEARTHAT,INCASE,LEST（以防）等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,用“SHOULD動詞原形”表示“惟恐，防備，推測”的意思SHOULD可以省略。EGHEHANDLEDTHEINSTRUMENTWITHCAREFORFEARTHATITSHOULDBEDAMAGEDHEWALKEDOUTOFTHEROOMQUIETLYLESTHISMOTHERSHOULDNOTICEHIM4）用在WISH之后的賓語從句中。表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時，BE換成WEREIWISHIWERENOTATTHEPARTY我希望現(xiàn)在自己沒在這個晚會上。表示過去的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或COULDHAVEVEDIWISHIHADSTUDIEDHARDERLASTTERM我希望上學(xué)期我學(xué)習(xí)更努力就好了。表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語用WOULDVIWISHHEWOULDINVITEMETOTHEPARTYTHISWEEKEND5用在ITISABOUTHIGHTIMETHAT從句中（表示應(yīng)該做，但還沒做）。THAT從句的謂語用一般過去時，THAT可省略。如ITSHIGHTIMEWEWENTTOBED6在WOULDRATHER,WOULDSOONER寧愿,WOULDJUSTASSOON寧愿的賓語從句中，從句謂語動詞有兩種情況表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硖摂M時，謂語一般都用一般過去時；如IWOULDRATHERYOUCAMENEXTWEEKINSTEADOFTODAY表示過去虛擬用過去完成時。如；IWOULDRATHERTHATIHADNTFINISHEDTHETASK7在“ASIF/ASTHOUGH”引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動詞與WISH的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同如HEWORKSWITHSUCHENTHUSIASM（熱情）ASIFHENEVERKNEWFATIGUE（疲勞）HESPEAKSENGLISHASTHOUGHHEWEREANAMERICAN注意若ASIF從句表示的是真實(shí)情況，則不用虛擬語氣，照常用陳述語氣。如ITSEEMSASIFTHEYKNOWEACHOTHER真實(shí)情況ITSEEMSASTHOUGHITWEREALREADYSPRING虛擬語氣8）用在IFONLY（要是。就好了）引起的感嘆句中EGIFONLYTH