[考研英語]完型填空講義

1、20122012 考研英語強化班完形填空講義考研英語強化班完形填空講義 完型填空是考研英語中多年來的一個穩(wěn)定題型，變化不大完型填空是考研英語中多年來的一個穩(wěn)定題型，變化不大 2000 年以前：150-180 字文章，10 個填空 2000 年以后：240-280 字文章，20 個填空 完型是一個很科學(xué)的語言考試形式：完型是一個很科學(xué)的語言考試形式：考查考生從語法、詞匯、閱讀的全面能力， 并且是在對文章整體把握的基礎(chǔ)上進行考查。 完型從技術(shù)的角度其實并不難完型從技術(shù)的角度其實并不難 完型閱讀量不大且閱讀難度不高 完型并不側(cè)重考察偏詞、難詞 完型真正完型真正“做不好做不好”的關(guān)鍵其實在于考生的關(guān)鍵

2、其實在于考生“不會做不會做” ，即不會按照好的方法去做。，即不會按照好的方法去做。 完型做題方法的一大誤區(qū) 憑“感覺”做題，此方法恰恰違背完型的規(guī)律。 如何尋找做完型的“好方法” 探尋完型的核心規(guī)律，完型恰恰是考研英語 中最有規(guī)律可循的題型。 完型的兩大規(guī)律完型的兩大規(guī)律 根據(jù)完型選項的分布規(guī)律 完型可以“猜” ； 根據(jù)完型的命題規(guī)律 完型的填空題可以進行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化分類去“做” ； 完型填空一部分靠完型填空一部分靠“猜猜” ，一部分靠，一部分靠“做做” 完型如何完型如何“猜猜”- 依靠完型填空選項的分布概率來“猜”：abcd 四個選項基 本上是平均分布，即每個選項基本上均有 5 次充當(dāng)答案的機會；

3、這樣的話完型 的 20 道題，首先就不需要全做，最多只需要做一半的題，即考生把完型的 20 道題區(qū)分成“會做的題”和“不會做的題” ，首先把“會做的題”做完，之后研 究這些選項的分布規(guī)律，找出其中出現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項，把這個選項全部填入 “不會做的題”中，猜中的幾率則最高。 會做的題會做的題不會做的題不會做的題 比如：會做 5 道題，研究其答案選項 分布，如下：aabbc；等于這部分出 現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項為 d 有 15 道不會做的題，則全選 d； 首先把“會做的題”做完，之后研究 這些選項的分布規(guī)律，找出其中出現(xiàn) 幾率最小的選項。 這部分則全部填入“在會做的題目部 分出現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項” ，則猜

4、中的 幾率為最大。 此方法就可以確?？忌耐晷头?jǐn)?shù)在 4 分至 8 分之間，且是在最短的時間內(nèi)以 最高效率方式獲取的分?jǐn)?shù)，即完型不用全做，只需做 2 道至 10 道題即可； 完型如何完型如何“做做” 完型填空的命題思路分析完型填空的命題思路分析 完型填空的命題形式 完型填空的基本命題形式是給考生一篇短文（按照新大綱的規(guī)定在 240-280 字 左右） ，出題者有目的地在每隔一定數(shù)量的詞語后去除一處詞語，形成總共 20 處詞語空缺，然后在相應(yīng)的空缺處設(shè)置（包括三個干擾項在內(nèi)）的四個備選答 案，需要考生從四選中選出一個最佳（最佳（the best）的答案。 從命題形式分析命題思路: 從完型填空的命

5、題形式來看，20 個填空不是孤立存 在的，而是處在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。 從這個角度，完型文章實際上是由兩部分信息構(gòu)成： 基本解題思路: 通過已知“猜”未知 + + 既然未知信息與已知信息整合在一起就組成了一篇完整的完型文章，這就說明 未知信息與已知信息之間絕不是互相孤立存在的，而是有著各種各樣、千絲萬 縷的關(guān)系，未知信息與已知信息之間存在著直接的緊密的互動關(guān)系。 官方的命題思路: 大綱將完型填空的命題思路概述為：“完型填空主要測試考生結(jié)合上下文的綜 合理解能力和語言運用能力，即在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上把握英語知識運用的能力” 根據(jù)上述分析，我們可以把完型的基本命題思路概括為以下幾

6、點： 未知信息未知信息 （即（即 2020 處填空）處填空） 已知信息已知信息 （即（即 2020 處填空之外的原文信息）處填空之外的原文信息） 一篇完整的一篇完整的 完型文章完型文章 先對原文進行閱讀 解題 先對整體整體環(huán)境進行把握和理解 解決具體具體問題 先對已知已知信息進行把握和理解 破解未知未知信息 更進一步: 每一個未知信息點都處于整篇文章包含的龐大的已知信息體系之中， 所以對于一個具體的填空來說，并不是整篇文章包含的所有已知信息都與其有 關(guān)系，解出一個具體完型填空的關(guān)鍵是要找出與這個填空所有相關(guān)聯(lián)的已知信 息（線索） 。 完型解題的基本方法（理論）可以概括為：完型解題的基本方法（理

7、論）可以概括為： 總體解題理論 細化為具體的、可操作的解題方法 “線索填字理論線索填字理論”下細化出的下細化出的“完型的十二種具體解題方法完型的十二種具體解題方法”- 如何如何“做做”完完 型的方法體系型的方法體系 從題型的角度從題型的角度從詞性的角度從詞性的角度 1、無關(guān)詞排除法5、對應(yīng)成分分析法9、動詞 2、同現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法6、總分結(jié)構(gòu)對照法10、形容詞 3、復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法7、時間、數(shù)字線索法11、副詞 4、關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)法8、邏輯關(guān)系定位法12、名詞 低端方法低端方法 針對完型中難度最高、占分值不大的金字塔尖的難題：一般的考生 可不去花費眾多時間去掌握 9、動詞 10、形容詞 11、副詞 12、名詞 高

8、端方法高端方法 - 其他 8 種方法是針對大多數(shù)考題，占分值大的主流題：是大多數(shù)考 生應(yīng)重點掌握的方法 相關(guān)已知信息（提示線索）定位分析法相關(guān)已知信息（提示線索）定位分析法 線索填字法線索填字法 通過定位、查找與每一個具體未知填空所有相關(guān)聯(lián)的已知信息， 通過對定位出來的這些相關(guān)聯(lián)的已知信息點的分析總結(jié) 從而在 4 個選項中定位出未知填空的答案 完型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)填空題型一（完型中最基本的填空考題）：完型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)填空題型一（完型中最基本的填空考題）：邏輯關(guān)系定位法邏輯關(guān)系定位法 例題：1994 年完型填空 46 題 the first and smallest unit that can be discuss

9、ed in relation to language is the word. in speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. the words used by the s

10、peaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down . 46 , inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. the speaker who does not

11、have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners. 46. a. moreover b. however c. preliminarily d. unexpectedly 基礎(chǔ)知識 - 完型文章中常見的 10 大類邏輯關(guān)系 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 遞進關(guān)系遞進關(guān)系 indeed; 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 讓步關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系 regardless of; anyway, anyhow 列舉（

12、順序）關(guān)系列舉（順序）關(guān)系 對比關(guān)系對比關(guān)系 時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系 條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系 舉例關(guān)系舉例關(guān)系 例題：1994 年完型填空 46 題 遞進關(guān)系 the first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. in speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communicati

13、on cycle. too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. the words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down . 46 , inaccurate or indefinite words

14、 may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. the speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners. 46. a. moreover b. however c. preliminarily d. unex

15、pectedly 例題: 1998 年考研英語完型的第 47 題 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 until recently most historians spoke very critically of the industrial revolution. they 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. but they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were

16、 widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the english population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when england was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. this view, 47 ,is generally thought to be wrong. specialists 48 h

17、istory and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 47.a)however b)meanwhile c)therefore d)moreover 例題: 1999 年考研英語完型的第

18、47 題 列舉關(guān)系 industrial safety does not just happen. companies _41_ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. when the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established _44_ time lost due to injuries is k

19、ept at a minimum. successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. others stress safe work practices by _46_ rules or regulations._47_ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. but, there a

20、re certain basic ideas that must be used in every progr8m if maximum results are to be obtained. there can be no question about the value of a safety program. from a financial stand-point alone, safety _48_. the fewer the injury 49, the better the workmans insurance rate. this may mean the differenc

21、e between operating at _50_or at a loss. 47. asome bmany ceven dstill 例題: 2004 年考研英語完型的第 34 題 因果關(guān)系 families have also (33) _ changes these years. more families consist of one parent households or two working parents, (34) _, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) _ was common in t

22、he traditional family (36) _. this lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. other (37) _ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) _ of child abuse and child neglect. a

23、ll these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 34. a contrarily b consequently c similarly d simultaneously 例題: 1997 年考研英語完型的第 42 題 對比邏輯關(guān)系 manpower inc., with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. every morning, its people 41

24、into the offices and factories of america, seeking a days work for a days pay. one day at a time. 42 industrial giants like general motors and ibm struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, manpower, based in milwaukee, wisconsin, is booming. 42. a)for b)because c)as d)since 例題: 1997 年

25、考研英語完型的第 48 題 對比邏輯關(guān)系 44 its economy continues to recover, the us is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. this 45 work force is the most important 46 in american business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. the phenomenon provid

26、es a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. for workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee. 48. a)but b)while c)and

27、d)whereas 例題: 2000 年考研英語完型的第 41 題 對比邏輯關(guān)系 if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. he must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. he can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplu

28、s. he must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. he may also need money to construct irrigation 4

29、6 and improve his farm in other ways. if no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . he must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in form of loans. naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable. 41.aother than bas well

30、as cinstead of dmore than 表達（特殊）對比邏輯關(guān)系的三大標(biāo)志詞 instead of rather than notbut 例題: 2001 年考研英語完型的第 48 題 對比邏輯關(guān)系 39 of the letter came two days after lord irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in european legislation would be left to judges 42 to parliament.

31、42 abetter than bother than crather than dsooner than 例題: 大綱樣題第 20 題 對比邏輯關(guān)系 they will take home not the problems of science and technology, 20 the benefit. 20.a except b nor c ord but 例題: 2001 年考研英語完型的第 31 題 舉例關(guān)系 the government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people i

32、nvolved in prominent cases 31 the trial of rosemary west. 31 aas to bfor instance cin particulardsuch as 例題: 2005 年考研英語完型的第 20 題 舉例關(guān)系 the brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 20. a similar

33、tob such asc along withd aside from 例題: 2003 年考研英語完型的第 28 題 舉例關(guān)系 teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. and they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not j

34、ust in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. however,

35、 the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. a variety of sma

36、ll clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background. 28. a. in effect b. as a r

37、esult c. for example d. in a sense 例題: 2010 年考研英語完型的第 15 題 舉例關(guān)系 it turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to _ 14_ interpretation of what happened. _15_, lighting was always changed on sunday. when work started again on monday, output _16_ rose compared with the pre

38、vious saturday and _17_ to rise for the next couple of days. _18_ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on monday. workers _19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the working week in any case, before _20_ a plateau and then slacken

39、ing off. this suggests that the alleged “hawthorne effect “is hard to pin down. 15. a in contrast b for example c in consequence d as usual 例題: 1996 年考研英語完型的第 50 題 讓步關(guān)系 48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. many people, 50 , believe in bei

40、ng on the safe side and thus take extra vitamins. however, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body s vitamin needs. 50. (a) nevertheless (b) therefore (c) moreover (d) meanwhile 如何區(qū)分轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步 轉(zhuǎn)折：后面直接推翻前面 讓步：后面沒有直接推翻前面，而是出現(xiàn)了與前面正常預(yù)期相反的結(jié)果 最大的區(qū)別：對立推翻的對象不一樣 例題: 2005 年考研英語完型的第 1 題 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 the human

41、nose is an underrated tool. humans are thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. this means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. 1. a alth

42、oughb asc butd while 例題: 2006 年考研英語完型的第 11 題 讓步關(guān)系 _11_when homeless individuals manage to find a _12_ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day_13_ the street. 11ahence bbut cevencevendonly 例題: 1996 年考研英語完型真題 48 enough vitamin

43、s is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. many people, 50 , believe in being on the safe side and thus take extra vitamins. however, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body s vitamin needs. 歷年真題中考察邏輯關(guān)系的題目匯總（題號如下）：歷年真題中考察邏輯關(guān)系的題目匯總（題號如下）： 2011 年: 1、

44、6、13、20 2010 年：7、12、15、18 2009 年：15、17、18 2008 年：5、14 2007 年：9、12 2006 年：1、7、11、14、18 2005 年：1、5、6、9、16、20 2004 年：22、25、27、34、40 2003 年：24、28、35、38 2002 年：22、29、31 2001 年：31、36、42、46 2000 年：41、42 1999 年：47 1998 年：47 1997 年：42、44、48 1996 年：46、50 1995 年：50 1994 年：46 例題：2011 年考研英語完形填空真題 ancient greek p

45、hilosopher aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” but _1_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumptio

46、n. but because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. _6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_

47、8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one c

48、lassical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. it was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15

49、_ muscular responses. in an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist fritz strack of the university of wrzburg in germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. those forced to

50、exercise their smiling muscles _18_ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1. a among b except c despite d li

51、ke 2. a reflect b demand c indicate d produce 3. a stabilizing b boosting c impairing d determining 4. a transmit b sustain c evaluate d observe 5. a measurable b manageable c affordable d renewable 6. a in turn b in fact c in addition d in brief 7. a opposite b impossible c average d expected 8. a

52、hardens b weakens c tightens d relaxed 9. a aggravate b generate c moderate d enhance 10. a physical b mental c subconscious d internal 11. a except for b according to c due to d as for 12. a with b on c in d at 13. a unless b until c if d because 14. a exhausts b follows c precedes d suppresses 15.

53、 a into b from c towards d beyond 16. a fetch b bite c pick d hold 17. a disappointed b excited c joyful d indifferent 18. a adapted b catered c turned d reacted 19. a suggesting b required c mentioning d supposing 20. a eventually b consequently c similarly d conversely 1. aamong bexcept cdespite d

54、like 6. ain turn bin fact cin addition din brief 13. aunless buntil cif dbecause 20. aeventually bconsequently csimilarly dconversely 1、答案: c 分析: 本題考查上文邏輯關(guān)系，這是完型 12 類填空中最基本、也是最容易得分 的一類填空?？忌灰炀氄莆毡緯偨Y(jié)的完型上下文（句）邏輯關(guān)系就能做 出此類填空。而且本題尤其簡單，因為出題人已經(jīng)在本填空所處的句子開頭給 出了已知線索“but” ，等于已經(jīng)直接告訴了考生是“轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系” ，答案自然 只能是選項 cde

55、spite。despite 表示讓步，但讓步屬于轉(zhuǎn)折的一種，其意思是 “盡管，但是”，與“but”的意思最雷同，所以本題也是一種復(fù)現(xiàn)。 例題: 2004 年考研英語完型的第 40 題 all these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) _ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 40. a provided b since c although d supposing 6、答案

56、: b 分析：本題目考查邏輯關(guān)系。本題目十分簡單，因為出題人以復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式在本 填空所在的句子中已經(jīng)給出了標(biāo)志詞“instead of”，此標(biāo)志詞表達一種對比、 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只能選擇bin fact，因為in fact也表達轉(zhuǎn)折的概念。 13、答案: d 分析：本題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。首先考生可以看出本填空所在的句子是對 之前那個理論的進一步詳細論述，而之前的理論是說明“我們情感部分源于身 體反應(yīng)” ，即人的“心理”與“生理”之間的互動關(guān)系。把握了這一點，本題的 邏輯關(guān)系就很好定位了。定位本填空的前后的原文信息，之前的信息為 “humans do not cry”；之后的信息為：“they

57、are sad”，這就是“生理”和 “心理”的互動關(guān)系，因此本填空最佳的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是“因果關(guān)系”，答案 為選項dbecause。 20、答案: c 分析：本題考查邏輯關(guān)系，是很簡單的題。考生只要根據(jù)填空后的句子意思為： “the physical act of laughter could improve mood（發(fā)笑的生理行為可以改善情 緒）”，此句子信息顯然與前面的信息是一致，答案明顯是csimilarly。 20112011 年完型為例：只做邏輯關(guān)系題年完型為例：只做邏輯關(guān)系題 + + 加加“猜猜”題方法的得分題方法的得分 “做做”的題的題“猜猜”的題的題 1、 c 6、b 13、d

58、 20、c 其他的 16 道題均填 a； a 選項從未出現(xiàn)過，為出現(xiàn)幾率最小 的選項 猜中 5 道題 得分：2 分得分：2.5 分 完型文章的布局結(jié)構(gòu)特點完型文章的布局結(jié)構(gòu)特點 完型文章一般都有明確的中心主線完型文章一般都有明確的中心主線 整個文章的中心主線包括鮮明的主題（foucs） ，同時文章往往又具有很強 的導(dǎo)向性或者作者態(tài)度具有傾向性；這個主題以及這種導(dǎo)向性或傾向性其實就 構(gòu)成了完型文章的中心主線，成為從整體上把握完型文章的關(guān)鍵點。中心主線 貫穿全文，即整篇文章就是圍繞著中心主線展開。 完型文章- 主線控制全文的文章 完型文章往往采用總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)完型文章往往采用總分對照結(jié)構(gòu) 從文章結(jié)構(gòu)

59、的角度來看，能夠?qū)⑽恼碌闹行闹骶€非常簡潔地表達清晰的結(jié) 構(gòu)往往是總分對照的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，我們通過大量的總結(jié)個分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)考研英語 的完型文章在文章結(jié)構(gòu)上經(jīng)常采用總分對照的形式，這就為我們迅速從整體上 把握一篇完型文章提供了非常便利條件。 總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)是由總述部分和分述部分構(gòu)成，總述是對分述的總結(jié)和概括， 而分述是對總述的展開和祥述，兩者之間有著明確的互相支持，互相印證的對 照關(guān)系。 完型文章：一個主線、一個結(jié)構(gòu)（總分結(jié)構(gòu)） * 分析分析 2001 年考研英語完型填空文章的布局結(jié)構(gòu)年考研英語完型填空文章的布局結(jié)構(gòu) the government is to ban payments to witnes

60、ses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of rosemary west. in a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. lord irvine, the lord chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amoun