賓語從句講解

1、賓語從句賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復合句中充當賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。用法賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+由連詞引導賓語從句（陳述語序）從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問詞（what， how， where， when .)。1）that （無詞義，不做成分）; if,whether(表達是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分)that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not引導表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。If和wh

2、ether的區(qū)別：if和whether在作“是否”理解時，引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if。少數(shù)動詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。在不定式前只能用whether。一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。2）連接代詞主要有：who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,wha

3、tever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？3）連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。注：賓語從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面。賓語從句-動賓從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句。部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句。動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句，常見的這些詞有：make sure（確保）、make up

4、ones mind（下決心）、keep in mind（牢記）可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it（雙賓語）這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell賓語從句-介賓從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句。用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句，有時候

5、except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導的賓語從句。賓語從句-形容詞+賓從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句；例句：I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised賓語從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移注： 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine

6、,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來.否定前移的反意問句完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否定前移。eg I dont think you are right,are you？ I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they？賓語從句時態(tài)和語序當主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當主句為過去時從

7、句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導詞置于句首無論任何時候都為陳述語序.但也有部分口語提問例外 E.G:Whats the matter?Whats wrong with you?賓語從句學習技巧學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、引導詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導詞that或

8、將that省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副詞作引導詞。 注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他。從句的引導詞有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判斷時態(tài)情況1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)。2主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)。 注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般

9、現(xiàn)在時。He answered that he was listening to me.3關(guān)系代詞：that，who，whom,whose,which1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round. A.was B. is C. were D. are2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match. A.win B. wonC. will winD. wins三、賓語從句的用法1.that引導賓語從句無意義，不充當句子成分常省略。但是在書面上最好不要省略。下列情況除外：介詞賓語從句的that

10、不能省略。 and連接的兩個從句，兩個從句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2.許多帶復合賓語的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓

11、語補足語 + 賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible

12、.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 帶有賓語從句的復合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細節(jié)請看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He want

13、ed to know why he was crying in the corner.（4）賓語從句后置如果賓語從句后有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）that不可省略賓語從句that?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略A當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get betterB當it作形式賓語時egShe mad

14、e it clear that she had nothing to do with himC當賓語從句前置時egThat our team will win，I believe(6)由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.(7)賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：I dont know what I should do next.- I dont know what to do next.1 Can you see_ A.what hes reading B. what is he reading C.what does he read D. he reads what2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個句子)-Do you know_Jack _from Japa