TEM4(語法講座)

1、TEM 4Grammar 近年來專業(yè)四級(jí)考試中Grammar and Vocabulary部分中，50%為詞匯、詞組和短語的用法，約50%為語法結(jié)構(gòu)。該題在總分中雖占分不多,但作為測(cè)試考生英語水平之基礎(chǔ),它對(duì)于TEM4中所有題項(xiàng)影響之大是眾所周知的，因?yàn)槿魏我婚T外語的學(xué)習(xí)均始于詞匯和語法，且對(duì)于詞匯數(shù)量及其深度的掌握程度在一定意義上反應(yīng)一個(gè)人的英語水平。因此，掌握詞匯和語法對(duì)于在TEM4中取得好成績(jī)顯得尤為重要。 綜觀這近幾年考題，可發(fā)現(xiàn)： 1語法考題的涉及面寬，近年考題曾經(jīng)考到：幾乎所有詞類；三種動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式；各種從句及關(guān)系詞的用法；動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、虛擬語氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法；獨(dú)立主格，主謂一致

2、，倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)、并列結(jié)構(gòu)等基本語法知識(shí)。 2語法考試的重點(diǎn)突出，語法考試的重點(diǎn)為內(nèi)容龐雜較難掌握的項(xiàng)目，這些項(xiàng)目還反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，如：虛擬語氣，狀語從句，定語從句，獨(dú)立主格，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 具體考查重點(diǎn)為以上項(xiàng)目中的特殊用法，不常用的情況 1）虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)為： would ratherthat從句一般過去時(shí) It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般過去時(shí)It is vital necessary important urgent imperative desirable advisable natural essentialthat動(dòng)詞原形 proposalsugg

3、estionthat動(dòng)詞原形； lestthatshould動(dòng)詞原形； if onlythatwould動(dòng)詞原形。 2）狀語從句狀語從句的考點(diǎn)為： 非if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，此類句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等來替代if； 由even ifso，now that，for all等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句； justhardly.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句； more than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。 3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多以邏輯主語分詞的形式出現(xiàn)。

4、 4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多與完成時(shí)形式連用。 5）定語從句定語從句重點(diǎn)考查介詞關(guān)系代詞（which）和as作為關(guān)系代詞。 全國(guó)專業(yè)四級(jí)英語填空題常考結(jié)構(gòu)全國(guó)專業(yè)四級(jí)英語填空題常考結(jié)構(gòu) 一、主句單一原則一、主句單一原則 任何一個(gè)句子中只可能有一個(gè)主句。做題時(shí)考生需要首先任何一個(gè)句子中只可能有一個(gè)主句。做題時(shí)考生需要首先判斷原題中已經(jīng)給出的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果已經(jīng)有一個(gè)主句，判斷原題中已經(jīng)給出的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果已經(jīng)有一個(gè)主句，那么就絕對(duì)不能夠再出現(xiàn)另一個(gè)主句，除非中間有連接詞那么就絕對(duì)不能夠再出現(xiàn)另一個(gè)主句，除非中間有連接詞進(jìn)行聯(lián)系。進(jìn)行聯(lián)系。二、謂語動(dòng)詞專一原則二、謂語動(dòng)詞專一原則任何一個(gè)句子只可能存在一

5、個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。句子中不可能沒任何一個(gè)句子只可能存在一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。句子中不可能沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，也不能多于一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞有謂語動(dòng)詞，也不能多于一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞(除非中間存在連除非中間存在連接詞接詞)。三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)技巧：如果填空題中空格的后面有三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)技巧：如果填空題中空格的后面有and, 或或者者and后面有空格，那么這道題目一定是考察平行結(jié)構(gòu)。后面有空格，那么這道題目一定是考察平行結(jié)構(gòu)。填空題中平行結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的形式是：填空題中平行結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的形式是： A and B, A , B, and C 語法和詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)思路：語法和詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)思路： 1 1全面掌握基本語法點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)記住各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的全面掌握基本語法點(diǎn)，

6、重點(diǎn)記住各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的“偏，特，難偏，特，難”點(diǎn)。點(diǎn)。 2 2掌握常用習(xí)慣用法和詞組。掌握常用習(xí)慣用法和詞組。 3 3注意在閱讀中培養(yǎng)語感，因?yàn)樵谡Z篇層次上培注意在閱讀中培養(yǎng)語感，因?yàn)樵谡Z篇層次上培養(yǎng)的語感往往可以直接幫助答題。養(yǎng)的語感往往可以直接幫助答題。 4研究以往考試試題，適當(dāng)做些練習(xí)記住典型題研究以往考試試題，適當(dāng)做些練習(xí)記住典型題例。例。 BackSuggestions 建議大家盡量做真題建議大家盡量做真題。把以前做過的所有真題再仔細(xì)讀把以前做過的所有真題再仔細(xì)讀一到兩遍，并且仔細(xì)分析做錯(cuò)題目的原因何在一到兩遍，并且仔細(xì)分析做錯(cuò)題目的原因何在。 題目不要做得太多，但是要精做，每道題做完

7、了以后，題目不要做得太多，但是要精做，每道題做完了以后，大家應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地歸納這個(gè)題中反映出來的問題，力求大家應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地歸納這個(gè)題中反映出來的問題，力求避免下次做題的時(shí)候犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。這樣才能精益求精避免下次做題的時(shí)候犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。這樣才能精益求精，做好我們考試前的準(zhǔn)備。，做好我們考試前的準(zhǔn)備。Important Structuresv非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞v虛擬語氣虛擬語氣v情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和倒裝情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和倒裝 v定語從句定語從句v狀語從句狀語從句v名詞性從句名詞性從句v其它其它Back1）謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷）謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷 近幾年的語法測(cè)試中非謂語動(dòng)詞約占31.1%，平均每年近平

8、均每年近5道題道題，可謂是語法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢？ 對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如： All things _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled D2) 謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與分詞的選擇謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與分詞的選擇謂語動(dòng)詞后

9、接不定式不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞也是四級(jí)語法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題眼。如： I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows, the thief would not have got in.A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having

10、closed Your hair wants _ . Youd better have it done tomorrow. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut這類題涉及三個(gè)方面： 謂語動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞？ 即可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上有何差別？ 不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式？ BACA. 下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語：afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起aim針對(duì)agree同意appear似乎，顯得arrange安排ask問attempt企圖bear承受begin開始beg請(qǐng)求bother擾亂，煩惱care關(guān)心，喜歡cease停止ch

11、oose選擇claim要求contrive設(shè)法，圖謀consent同意，贊同decide決定decline推卻demand要求design設(shè)計(jì)，預(yù)定desire愿望determine決定destine注定dread害怕enable能夠endeavor努力expect期望fail不能forget忘記happen碰巧hate憎恨，厭惡hesitate猶豫hope希望incline有傾向intend想要learn學(xué)習(xí)like喜歡loathe不喜歡，討厭long渴望love愛manage設(shè)法mean意欲，打算need需要neglect忽視offer提供omit忽略，漏plan計(jì)劃prefer喜歡，寧愿

12、prepare準(zhǔn)備pretend假裝profess表明promise承諾，允許propose提議refuse拒絕regret抱歉，遺憾scorn忽視seek找，尋覓start開始swear宣誓try試圖undertake承接volunteer志愿vow起誓want想要wish希望B. 下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式。advise勸告allow允許announce宣布ask要求，邀請(qǐng)assist協(xié)助authorize授權(quán)，委托bear容忍beg請(qǐng)求bride收買cause引起command命令compel強(qiáng)迫condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé)deserve應(yīng)受direct指導(dǎo)drive

13、驅(qū)趕enable使能夠encourage鼓勵(lì)entitle使有資格entreat懇求exhort告誡，勉勵(lì)forbid禁止force強(qiáng)迫get請(qǐng)，得到hate憎惡help幫助implore懇求induce引誘inspire鼓舞instruct指示intend想要，企圖invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)lead引起，使得leave使，讓like喜歡mean意欲，打算need需要oblige不得不order命令permit允許persuade勸導(dǎo)pray請(qǐng)求prefer喜歡，寧愿press迫使prompt促使pronounce斷定，表示recommend勸告，推薦remind提醒report報(bào)告request

14、請(qǐng)求require要求show(how)summon傳喚teach教tell告訴tempt勸誘train訓(xùn)練urge激勵(lì)，力說want想要warn告誡wish希望C.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn)admit承認(rèn)advocate提倡，主張appreciate感激，欣賞avoid避免bear忍受cant help不禁cant stand受不了consider考慮cease停止commence開始complete完成confess坦白contemplate細(xì)想defer拖延delay延遲deny否認(rèn)detest嫌惡dislike不喜歡，討厭discourage使沮喪dr

15、ead可怕endure忍受enjoy享有，喜愛envy嫉妒escape逃跑，逃避excuse借口fancy幻想，愛好favor造成，偏愛figure描繪，計(jì)算finish完成，結(jié)束forgive原諒imagine設(shè)想involve卷入，包含hate討厭keep保持loathe不喜歡，討厭mention說到，講到mind介意，留意miss錯(cuò)過pardon原諒，饒恕permit允許postpone延遲，延期practise實(shí)行，實(shí)踐prevent阻止quit放棄，停止recall回想report報(bào)道，發(fā)表repent悔悟resent怨恨r(nóng)esist抵抗，阻止resume恢復(fù)risk冒險(xiǎn)sugges

16、t建議save營(yíng)救，儲(chǔ)蓄stand堅(jiān)持，忍受肥沃tolerate忍受；寬容understand明白，理解D. 名詞(形容詞，不及物動(dòng)詞)+介詞to(不要把它視為動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志)。下面是大綱中所列短語中的“to”為介詞：(be)contrary to(與相反)，object(objection)to(反對(duì))，with a view to(為起見)，(be) opposed to (反對(duì))，in contrast to(與成對(duì)比)，be used to (習(xí)慣于)，be exposed to, be dedicated to(致力于)，resort to(訴諸于)，as to (關(guān)于)，be a

17、ccustomed to習(xí)慣于，be devoted to獻(xiàn)身于，be committed to委身于，react to對(duì)反應(yīng)，with regard to關(guān)于，look forward to期待，contribute to貢獻(xiàn)等。Stop; remember; forget; regret; try; mean Im still unable to make myself _ in the discussion, which worries me a lot. A. to be understood B. understanding C. understand D. understood I

18、d rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse The speech _, a lively discussion started.A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered 該結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做時(shí)間狀語，狀語分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)

19、詞之前，所以應(yīng)該用完成體。 DBD3) 做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇從近幾年的考查情況來看，對(duì)做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況： (1)對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。如： The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished If

20、I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _. A. to correct B. correcting C. having been corrected D. being corrected 掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷題答案為C，題答案為D。 CD(2)對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如： The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor o

21、f the new theory. A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed 題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，題為某些特定名詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為A。在英

22、語中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。 DA4) 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如： _ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being Believed _ a teacher i

23、n a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming Realizing that he hadnt enough money and _ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wantingD. wanting not _ it or not, his discov

24、ery has created a stir in scientific circles. A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. BelievedBACA從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有： (1)狀語類別的判斷 ： 不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如。 (2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系 根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。 (3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式 not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如。 (4) 獨(dú)立成分 有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。

25、如: generally speaking, judging from., to tell the truth., 等。 5) 做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞受謂語動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如： They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed After a few round

26、s of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _. A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising ADB His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C

27、. to wonder D. wondering When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seat

28、ed D. having been seatedDAC6) 做表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇表語的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語形式的選擇，很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是做表語的也就不用考慮。如： The house was very quiet, _ as it was on the side of the mountain. A. isolated B. isolating C. to be isolated D. having been isolated These surveys indicate that many crimes go _

29、 by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded 分詞做表語可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語，也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法規(guī)則是相同的。AA7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇to可以是介詞，也可以用來引導(dǎo)不定式，四級(jí)考試中對(duì)種類用法的考查也比較多。如： I hav

30、e no objection _ your story again. A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems. A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie t

31、o the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told 這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)to do something 和 to doing something，這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì)；另一種是to在題干中，如。BAD8) 分詞前連詞的使用分詞前連詞的使用分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了，使考生更加準(zhǔn)確地理解試題?？疾橛袃煞N情況 (1)根據(jù)連詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~形式 Michael used to look hurt and surprised whe

32、n _. A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scoldedwhen的使用說明非謂語動(dòng)詞做時(shí)間狀語，答案不可能是B，從scold與句子主語間的邏輯關(guān)系來看，應(yīng)該是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是D。 (2)根據(jù)狀語的功能選擇不同的連詞 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs _ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 由上下文的意思可以看出，分詞所做的是方式狀語，連詞應(yīng)該是as。 D

33、D9) 非謂語動(dòng)詞的體非謂語動(dòng)詞的體 非謂語動(dòng)詞中分詞的體有完成體和進(jìn)行體，即having done, having been done和being done，完成體只用于做狀語的場(chǎng)合，而進(jìn)行體可以用于做定語和做補(bǔ)足語。 動(dòng)名詞的體也有having done, having been done和 being done的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于做主語和賓語的場(chǎng)合。 不定式的體有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。10）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以做主語、賓語和表語，在對(duì)動(dòng)名

34、詞的考查中總是將其邏輯主語包括進(jìn)來，形成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The girls being educated D. The girl to be educated 本題涉及題眼比較多，A，為從句做主語，但缺少 that，D為不定式做主語，但缺少for (for the girl to be educated)， B結(jié)構(gòu)不能做主語，答案是C，為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

35、Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance 介詞后用動(dòng)名詞，表示存在時(shí)必須用there be句型，所以答案為A，這也是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，there為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。 CA I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your d

36、elaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make Mind要求接動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞，答案自然是B。 I would appreciate _ it a secret. A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep 本題與上一題類似，答案是A。BackBA虛擬語氣虛擬語氣-考試重點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)介考試重點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)介 英語中的虛擬語氣有4種，一種是條件句中的虛擬語氣，一種是含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣，一種是名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣，還

37、有一種是狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。其中虛擬時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用很大程度上和其所處的句型有關(guān)。95年以來，對(duì)虛擬語氣的考查有28題之多，占詞匯/語法總數(shù)的15.2%。 下面分四部分來看一下四級(jí)考試中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用。 1.條件句中的虛擬語氣條件句中的虛擬語氣 1) If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile 對(duì)于虛擬條件句中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，首先應(yīng)該區(qū)分主從句的不同。從句

38、中用過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，或were to/should +原形動(dòng)詞，而主句中用would/could/might/should + 原形動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞的完成形式。A2) _ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A. Not being B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been 虛擬條件句有單一條件句，也有混合虛擬條件句，所以不能只根據(jù)從句與某一事實(shí)相反來判斷主句就與該事實(shí)相反，同樣，也不能想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為主句與某一事實(shí)相反，從句也就與該事實(shí)相反。 如1）從句與過去事

39、實(shí)相反，而主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。再如： If he werent such a kind man, he wouldnt lent a hand to such people as you the other day. (從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過去事實(shí)相反。) Were my friends not to come tomorrow, I wouldnt have bought so many foods. (從句與將來事實(shí)相反，主句與過去事實(shí)相反。)B 3) _before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderf

40、ul dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive 熟記主從句動(dòng)詞與不同事實(shí)相反時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用規(guī)則。解題時(shí)根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念確定與什么事實(shí)相反，然后采用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。D4) Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A

41、. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)，可以將were/had/should提至句首，省略if?？荚嚂r(shí)經(jīng)常是將省略if的與含有if的選項(xiàng)并列，在這種情況下，應(yīng)注意分清從句的時(shí)態(tài)，盡管多數(shù)情況下都是倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)為正確選項(xiàng)。5) _ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leaves C. Were she to leave D. If she had left If it werent/hadnt

42、been for 以及其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)were it not for/had it not been for表示“如果不是的話”CC 6) Had he worked harder, he _ the exams. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 7) If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was no

43、t planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were not planned 正如真實(shí)條件從句中不用will一樣，虛擬條件從句中也不可使用would，應(yīng)特別注意。 BC解析解析 如果與過去事實(shí)相反，從句中用過去完成時(shí)，主句中用would/should/could/might + have done的形式，如2）6）和7）。 如果與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過去時(shí)，主句中用would/could/might/should + 原形動(dòng)詞，表示與正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)相反用would/might/could/should + be

44、 doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，如1）。 如果表示將來不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，從句中用過去時(shí)，或were to / should + 原形動(dòng)詞，以上3） 4） 5）表示的都屬于這種情況。 2含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣 含蓄虛擬條件句指沒有明確的條件從句的虛擬條件句，一般是條件用介詞短語、分詞短語或并列句的方式表達(dá)，這時(shí)主句的時(shí)態(tài)要求與含有條件從句的主句要求相同。四級(jí)測(cè)試中?？嫉暮钐摂M條件句句型有： But for/Without, 主句 eg: But for/Without your help, we wouldnt have accomplished the task on time.

45、, otherwise/or eg: He hadnt had food for two days, or/otherwise he wouldnt have fainted out at work. 分詞/不定式，主句 Having been born ten years earlier, you could have witnessed the disaster. Given more time, we could have done the work much better. You would be foolish to make friends with such people. ，

46、though/but Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich. He could have got the job, but he didnt apply for it. 1) Some women _a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would mak

47、e D. could have made 2) We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephonedDA3名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣與以上兩種虛擬語氣句式不同，這里虛擬語氣中時(shí)態(tài)的變化比較少，主要依據(jù)所處的句型?？忌枰氖橇私庠谀男┣闆r下用這種句式，測(cè)試中考生只需從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中辨認(rèn)答案即可。1) Wouldnt you rather your ch

48、ild _ to bed early? A.go B.went C.would go D.goes 2) Mikes uncle insists _ in this hotel. A.staying not B.not to stay C.that he would not stay D.that he not stay 3) Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place. A.be living B.were living C .would live D.would have lived 4) It is ess

49、ential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. A.must be sent B.will be sent C.are sent D.be sent BDBD5) It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A.is not started B.will not be started C.not be started D.is not to be started 6) We are all for

50、your proposal that the discussion_. A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to be out off 7) The suggestion that the mayor _the prizes was accepted by everyone. A.would present B.present C.presents D.ought to present 8) Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think it is about time _? A.we are go

51、ing home B.we go home C.we went home D.we can go home CABC 評(píng)析 該部分所包含的句型有： 表示“命令”“建議”或“要求”的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中用should + 原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。常用于該句型的動(dòng)詞有direct, order, command, require, ask, request, demand, insist, suggest, recommend等。 這里句型的考題中，一般都會(huì)有would, must等干擾項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)以省略should者居多。 另外這類考題還常借助于動(dòng)詞本身的句法結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)干擾項(xiàng)。如insist

52、后可接doing something 或 on doing something的結(jié)構(gòu)，suggest后也可接動(dòng)名詞。另外，這兩個(gè)單詞也有不用虛擬語氣的句式，如insist 表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，suggest表示“說明”“表明”時(shí)，從句中就不用虛擬語氣，考生應(yīng)注意分別。 表示“命令”“建議”或“要求”的名詞后面的同位語或表語從句中同樣是用should + 原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。 與上面一條相同，表示這些概念的名詞如suggestion, order, proposal等后面的that從句中虛擬語氣使用規(guī)則相同。 It is + 表示重要，有必要，吃驚，難以相信的名詞或形容詞，或表示“命令

53、”“建議”“要求”的過去分詞 + that 從句中用should + 原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。 這一句型可分解為: It is important/necessary/vital/advisable/essential .that (should) It is strange/surprising/unbelievable that (should) It is a surprise/wonder .that (should) It is suggested/requested/recommended that (should) 這些句型一律使用should + 原形動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，sho

54、uld可以省略，如4）5）10）題。 注意It is strange/surprising/unbelievable that (should)句型中如果表示過去的事情可以用should have done 的形式，如： It is strange that he should have failed in the election. wish wish 后面的從句時(shí)態(tài). 表示與現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的事情相反可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況用過去完成時(shí)，也可以用could have done 的形式，如：I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to

55、 get up and come to class.A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept If only 表示愿望時(shí)與wish用法相同。再如： If only that photograph werent missing. If only the letter had arrived in time. would rather would rather的虛擬語氣形式在這幾年考查是最多的,但would rather從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則并不復(fù)雜。 如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況用過去完成時(shí)，否則用一般過去時(shí)。在如以下各題： 1

56、) The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 2) To be frank, Id rather you _ in the case. A.will not be involved B.not involved C.not to be involved D.were not involved DD 3) You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would r

57、ather you _ on business first. A.would go B.will go C.went D.have gone 4) Frankly speaking, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A.didnt do B.havent done C.dont do D.have done 5) Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A.dont B.wouldnt C.didnt D.shouldnt CA

58、C Its (about/high) time that 該句型中一律用一般過去時(shí)，再如： You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world, Edgar said to his boss angrily. A.realized B.have realized C.realize D.should realize A4狀語從句中的虛擬語氣狀語從句中的虛擬語氣狀語從句中的虛擬語氣主要指as if/though從句中的虛擬語氣，首先請(qǐng)大家做一下下面三道題

59、： 1) He walked past the pole and soldiers as if they _. A.didnt exist B.dont exist C.hadnt existed D.were not existing 2) He operates the new computer as if he _ special training in it. A.has received B.had received C.would receive D.received 3) They talked in such an uneasy manner as if something t

60、errible _soon. A.had happened B.happened C.would happen D.has happened ABC評(píng)析評(píng)析謂語動(dòng)詞要求使用虛擬語氣的狀語從句一般是由as if/as though引導(dǎo)。該從句中時(shí)態(tài)的選擇原則是： 如果從句中謂語動(dòng)詞與主句謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)； 如果從句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在的狀態(tài)，用一般過去時(shí)，如1）。 如果從句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，用過去完成時(shí)，如2）。 如果從句中謂語動(dòng)詞后于主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，用would/might + 原形動(dòng)詞。 Back情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 有時(shí)從