hyponymy - 副本課件

1、 (hypo-under) Relationship of inclusion is the relationship between the specific and the general meanings of the words. The former is included in the latter. e.g. sheep is included in animal. the former is subordinate (or specific term, hyponym, lower term下義詞, 受支配詞), the latter is superordinate (or

2、general term, upper term 上義詞, 支配詞).Sense relationsSense relationspeonyanimalflowerplanttreericetulipdaisydaffodilSense relationsLiving thingsheepram (m)lamb(young)ewe (f)tigeranimaldogNon-living thingThing plantguess Pseudo-hyponymy The relationship of inclusion is just transient, not permanent. Lik

3、es and dislikes, gift, living environment Quasi-hyponymy The superordinate does not have same grammatical class with its subordinate Taste: bitter, acid, sweet, hot, salty, spicy 1. vivid, exact, concrete, and definite Some bad students are talking in the lecture. Some mischievous students are chatt

4、ing in the lecture. he has a with two-storey, four bedrooms, two living rooms, a dinging room and kitchen. My job is horrible. My job is horrible with its low payment, constant overwork, demanding boss, and complex interrelationship. big house 2. coherence條理性，連貫性條理性，連貫性 the carriage dashed through s

5、treets and swept round corner, with women screaming before it, and men clutching each other and clutching children out of its way. At last, swooping at a street corner by a fountain. - Dickens Drive It is a beautiful park. With streams and ponds shaded by willows and bamboos, and small, elegantly-fu

6、rnished cottages behind piles of rocks, the park is quiet even when there are many visitors in it, and cool when it is hot summer outside. With streams and ponds shaded by willows and bamboos, and small, elegantly-furnished cottages behind piles of rocks, the park is quiet even when there are many v

7、isitors in it, and cool when it is hot summer outside. 3. Used to define (is-a relationship) An orthopedist整形外科醫(yī)師is a who specializes in bones. A plover鳳頭麥雞is a that lives on the shore. A skylight is a set in the roof of a building. A clarinet is a single-reed having a cylindrical tube with a modera

8、tely flared bell (Websters). doctorbirdwindowwoodwind instrument 車(chē) Car， truck， bicycle，train，motor 在火車(chē)站臺(tái)上，我們說(shuō)：“車(chē)車(chē)來(lái)了”， 在大學(xué)校園里，一個(gè)同學(xué)說(shuō)：“我的車(chē)車(chē)又丟了”， 寢室室友計(jì)劃去徐家匯，我問(wèn)她打算怎么過(guò)去，她說(shuō)“坐車(chē)車(chē)去”， 湯姆丟了他的湯姆丟了他的車(chē)車(chē)。 Ambiguity in Chinese culture Accuracy of western culture 中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化的特點(diǎn)之一就是講究?jī)?nèi)斂、委婉，追求朦朧含蓄之美，不主張直白，不強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯，崇尚文章的“凝練”，“

9、言簡(jiǎn)意賅”，“惜墨如金”，從而給讀者留下更多想象的空間和再創(chuàng)造的余地。 英美等西方國(guó)家最講究的就是邏輯性、嚴(yán)密性、精準(zhǔn)性。他們的思維方式也是直線型的，喜歡直截了當(dāng)，注重前后意義的連貫一致。 Polysemy多義關(guān)系 Homonymy同形同音異義關(guān)系 DefinitionSignificanceTwo approachesTwo processTypes Origin Differentiation bt. P and hRhetoric featuresSynonymy同義關(guān)系A(chǔ)ntonymy反義關(guān)系 DefinitionTypes Sources Discrimination Hyponymy 上下義關(guān)系TypesCharacterist