Adrenalmedulla腎上腺髓質(zhì)課件VIP

1、adrenal medulla腎上腺髓質(zhì)classification of chromaffin cell adrenaline-secreting cell(腎上腺素細(xì)胞) granules contain adrenalinenoradrenaline-secreting cell(去甲腎上腺素細(xì)胞) granules contain noradrenalinenoradrenaline-secreting celladrenaline-secreting celladrenalinetarget organfunctionheart: cardiac muscle1.heart rate

2、 increase2.blood vessels dilatation1&2 increase cardiac outputblood vessels:small artery and capillary1.dilatation of hepatic and skeletal vessels2.contraction of skins mucosa vessels支氣管支氣管 (bronchus) ：smooth muscle of bronchus1.發(fā)揮強(qiáng)大舒張作用2.抑制肥大細(xì)胞釋放過敏性物質(zhì)如組胺等3.支氣管粘膜血管收縮，降低毛細(xì)血管的通透性，有利于消除支氣管粘膜水腫 nora

3、drenalinetarget organfunctionheartstrengthen contraction of cardiac muscle 、increase heart rateblood vesselscontraction of small a&v andmucous capillary increase blood pressuresecretory regulation of hormonenadrenal medulla交感神經(jīng)交感神經(jīng)髓質(zhì)受交感神經(jīng)節(jié)前纖維支配，交感神經(jīng)興奮時(shí)，節(jié)前纖維末梢釋放乙酰膽堿，作用于髓質(zhì)細(xì)胞上的n型受體，引起腎上腺素與去甲腎上腺素的釋放

4、若交感神經(jīng)興奮時(shí)間較長，則合成兒茶酚胺所需要物質(zhì)的活性均增強(qiáng)，從而促進(jìn)兒茶酚胺的合成acth與糖皮與糖皮 質(zhì)激素質(zhì)激素 acth有促進(jìn)髓質(zhì)合成兒茶酚胺的作用，主要通過糖皮質(zhì)激素作用，也可能直接作用腎上腺皮質(zhì)的血液經(jīng)髓質(zhì)后才流回循環(huán)，這一解剖特點(diǎn)有利于糖皮質(zhì)激素直接進(jìn)入髓質(zhì)，調(diào)節(jié)兒茶酚胺的合成自身反饋調(diào)節(jié)自身反饋調(diào)節(jié)去甲腎上腺素去甲腎上腺素或多巴胺在髓質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)的量增加到一定數(shù)量時(shí)，可抑制酪氨酸羥化酶腎上腺素腎上腺素合成增多時(shí)，能抑制pnmt（苯乙胺-n-甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶）的作用當(dāng)腎上腺素與去甲腎上腺素從細(xì)胞內(nèi)釋入血液后，胞漿內(nèi)含量減少，解除了上述的負(fù)反饋抑制，兒茶酚胺的合成隨即增加nadrenal c

5、ortexzona glomerulosa(球狀帶球狀帶)secrete mineralocorticoid（鹽皮質(zhì)激素）受腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)的影響腎球旁細(xì)胞分泌的腎素可使血漿中的血管緊張素原變成血管緊張素，可刺激其分泌zona fasciculata（束狀帶）（束狀帶）secrete glucocorticoid （糖皮質(zhì)激素）regulated by acth（促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素）zona reticularis（網(wǎng)狀帶）（網(wǎng)狀帶）mainly secrete androgen（雄激素），also a little glucocorticoidregulated by acth糖皮質(zhì)激素分泌的糖皮質(zhì)激素分泌的調(diào)節(jié)：調(diào)節(jié)：當(dāng)血中糖皮質(zhì)激素濃度升高時(shí)，可使腺垂體釋放acth減少，acth的