物理工學(xué)科3年次47

1、物理工學(xué)科年次 物性工學(xué)概論第回半導(dǎo)體色半導(dǎo)體光學(xué)的性質(zhì)物理工學(xué)科量子機(jī)能工學(xué)分野佐藤勝昭第回學(xué) 金屬色：金、銀、銅、鉄、白金 原色：加法混色減法混色/cie色度図 色認(rèn)識(shí)仕組 自由電子運(yùn)動(dòng) 誘電率屈折率消光係數(shù) 負(fù)誘電率意味第回補(bǔ)足 光學(xué)定數(shù)意味 方程式白色光連続気體原子線吸収線発光線國(guó)立天文臺(tái) http:/centaurs.mtk.nao.ac.jp/avell/study/spectr/node9.html媒體中光電界伝搬 光：電磁波（電界e磁界h直交振動(dòng)） e=2e0cos(t-x/c)=e0exp -i(t-x/c)+cc. 媒體中光速c=c/n：n屈折率 e=e0exp-i(t-n

2、x/c) 代表。 媒體中光電界減衰e=e0exp(-x/c) 媒體中電界1/e距離 x=c/光學(xué)定數(shù)(屈折率消光係數(shù)) e=e0exp(-x/c) exp-i(t-nx/c)=e0 exp-i(t-(n+i)x/c)=e0 exp-i(t-nx/c) n= n+i (複素屈折率) 屈折率n：媒體中光速表因子。光速真空中光速1/n。 消光係數(shù)：媒質(zhì)中電磁波振幅減衰様子表。波動(dòng)振動(dòng)様子=n=k=5002.50.2eexp(-/c)方程式 rothd/t =r0e/t roteb/t =-0 h/t rot rote= -r0 0e2/t2左辺=( e)e- 2e=- 2e右辺 =-r/c2 e2/

3、t2 e2/x2+ e2/y2 + e2/z2 = r/c2 e2/t2 e=e0 exp-i(t-n/c)代入 - n2 2/c2e=-r 2/c2e(n2- r)e=0n2= r誘電率屈折率消光係數(shù) n2=r誘電率物質(zhì)定數(shù)、屈折率媒質(zhì)光固有値 (n+i)=r+ir” (n2- 2)+i2n= r+ir” r= n2- 2 r”=2n 誘電率虛部：損失表項(xiàng)電子食品加熱原因：誘電率虛部半導(dǎo)體光學(xué)現(xiàn)象 半導(dǎo)體何 半導(dǎo)體物質(zhì) 構(gòu)造 半導(dǎo)體透過(guò)色、反射色 吸収：間遷移 結(jié)晶金屬光沢原因？ 半導(dǎo)體何 半導(dǎo)體抵抗率範(fàn)囲 (佐藤越田：応用電子物性工學(xué)図4.2)半導(dǎo)體電気抵抗溫度変化 金屬半導(dǎo)體電気抵抗溫度

4、変化比較導(dǎo)電率、密度、移動(dòng)度 導(dǎo)電率、密度n、移動(dòng)度間 = ne 関係式成立。抵抗率導(dǎo)電率関係 =1/ 。移動(dòng)度、単位電界ev/cm得平均速度vcm/s表、v=e 。例：1m膜表裏間1v電圧印加、e=104v/cm、=1000cm2/vsv= e =107cm/s。導(dǎo)電率數(shù)1016cm-3 = ne =10161.6 10-19 103=1.6s/cm: =0.625cm周期表半導(dǎo)體 iibiiibivvvibcnoalsipszngageassecdinsnsbtehgtlpbbipoiv族(si, ge)iii-v族(gaas, gan, inp, insb)ii-vi族(cds, cdt

5、e, zns, znse)i-vii族(cucl, cui)i-iii-vi2族(cuals2，cuinse2)ii-iv-v2族(cdgeas2, znsip2) 半導(dǎo)體構(gòu)造 構(gòu)造 閃亜鉛鉱()構(gòu)造 黃銅鉱()構(gòu)造 非晶質(zhì)()構(gòu)造金屬半導(dǎo)體區(qū)別帯考方 自由電子近似 hartree-fock近似 電子波數(shù)k平面波扱e=(k)2/2m 放物線 孤立原子束縛電子近似 heitler-london近似 原子電子波動(dòng)関數(shù)(s, p, d）次結(jié)合 電子間相互作用考慮半導(dǎo)體半金屬金屬半導(dǎo)體半金屬金屬半導(dǎo)體光吸収間接吸収端ge, si, gap直接吸収端 insb, inp, gaas直接遷移間接遷移実空間

6、見(jiàn)間接遷移k=(0,0,0)k=( 3 /2a)(1,1,1) =2x(2/ 3a)(1,1,1)半導(dǎo)體透過(guò)光色1.5evcdsgaphgsgaas3ev2.5ev2ev800nm800nm300nm300nmznseg=2eveg=2.2eveg=2.6eveg=3.5eveg=1.5ev白黃橙赤黒3.5ev4ev透過(guò)域半導(dǎo)體色 透過(guò)光色 低光全部通 eg3.3ev：無(wú)色透明 eg=2.6ev：黃色 eg=2.3ev：橙色 eg=2.0ev：赤色 eg1.7ev：不透明 反射光色hgs znse, znshttp:/www.ii- crystals of yellow cadmium sul

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