用合并句子法講解定語從句

1、用合并句子法講解定語從句定語從句是高中英語教學中重要的語法部分，同時也是為下一步學好其他從句(名詞性從句)打好 基礎。但在實際英語教學中，學生因為對英語句子成分沒有清晰的概念，所以導致對定語從句知其然而不知 其所以然。在教授定語從句時，應先從句子成分入手，使學生先了解什么是定語，然后在利用合并句子 的方式解析定語從句是如何構成的，并引出引導詞的使用方法。一、什么是定語句子中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫做定語。定語可以由形容詞，名詞，不定式，分詞，動名詞 或從句來充當。eg:I bought an (expensive) COmPUter. (形容詞)I met SOmeOne ( funny) On

2、 my Way to school. (形容詞)(修飾不定代詞的定語后置)She is an ( EngIiSh) teacher. (名詞)I have a IOt Of WOrk ( tOdO) . (不定式)The book ( Written by Tonl) is Very POPUIar now. (過去分詞短語)We Can See the (rising) sun. (現(xiàn)在分詞)二 the SUn is rising.He is in the ( reading) room. ( 動名詞 ) - the room for readingThe boy (WhO broke th

3、e WindOW) is TOm , S b:TOther. (從句)二、定語從句兩個術語：先行詞，關系詞先行詞：被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)：連接先行詞與定語從句的 詞。關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, WhiCh等；關系副詞有：when, where, Why等；1、關系詞在定語從句中充當主語先行詞為人時(1) 兩個單句為 The boys are from CIaSS One. The boys are playing foot ball.(2) 第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個單句合并為一句。The boys ( the boys

4、 are PIaying football ) are from CIaSS One.(3) 括號中句子里的主語the boys,和先行詞是同一個詞，應該用關系詞替換從句中重復的the boys. The boys在從句中作主語，關系詞中能作主語并代表人的是who, thatThe boys ( whothat are PIaying football ) are from CIaSS One.(4) whothat=-the boys,在定語從句中做主語的成分，并連接先行詞和定語從句。先行詞為物時(1) I found the Ietter. The Ietter Came yeste:Td

5、ay.(2) I found The letter ( the letter Came yesterday).(3) 用關系詞替換從句中重復的the letter,關系詞中能作主語并代表物的是which, thatI found The Ietter (WhiChthat Came yesterday).(4) WhiChthat-=the letter, 在定語從句中做主語的成分，并連接先行詞和定語從句。2. 關系詞在定語從句中充當賓語先行詞為人時(1) The man is my friend. YOU met the man just now(2) The man (you met th

6、e man just now) is my friend.(3) 用關系詞替換從句中重復的the man,關系詞中能作賓語并代表人的是whom, thatThe man (WhOn, that you met just now) is my friend.(4) WhOnIthat-the man,在定語從句中做賓語的成分，并連接先行詞和定語 從句。做賓語的關系詞 WhOnIthat 可以省略 The man ( you met just now) is my friend.先行詞為物時(1) ThiS is the pen. He bought the Pen yesterday.(2) T

7、hiS is the Pen (he bought the Pen yesterday).(3) 用關系詞替換從句中重復的the pen,關系詞中能作賓語并代表物的是which, thatThiS is the Pen (WhiChthat he bought yesterday).(4) WhiChthat=the pen,在定語從句中做賓語的成分，并連接先行詞和定 語從句。做賓語的關系詞 WhiCh, that 可以省略 ThiS is the Pen (he bought yesterday)3. 關系詞在定語從句中充當定語(1) I helped the man. The man ,

8、S Car WaS broken.(2) I helped the man (the man ' S Car WaS broken)(3) the mari S是名詞所有格，起到疋語的作用修飾Car,用關系詞替換從句中重復的theman,關系詞中能作定語，麥示誰的”是WhOSeI helped the man (WhOSe Car WaS broke n)(4) WhOSe-the man ' s,在定語從句中做定語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。WhoSe不但可以表示“誰的”，還可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：I OnCe IiVed in a house. The roof Of

9、 the house has falle n in.I OnCe IiVed in a houseI OnCe IiVed in a house此句還可以改為：I OnCe IiVed in a house(the roof Of the house has falle n in) (WhOSe roof has fallen in)(the roof Of WhiCh has falle n in)4. 關系詞在定語從句中充當狀語時時間狀語(1) I StilI remember the day. I first Came to the SChOOI On the day.(2) I Sti

10、lI remember the day (I first Came to the SChOOI On the day).(3) 重復的詞是the day, On the day在從句中充當時間狀語的成分，關系詞中能作時間狀語的詞是when.I StilI remember the day (Whe n I first Came to the SChOOI).(4) Whe n-on the day,在定語從句中做時間狀語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。地點狀語(1) The house has bee n PUlIed dow n. I IiVed in the house ten years ag

11、o.(2) The house (I IiVed in the house ten years ago)has bee n PUlIed dow n.(3) 重復的詞是the house, in the house在從句中做地點狀語的成分,關系詞中能作地點狀語的詞是Where.The house (Where I IiVed ten years ago)has been PUlIed down.(4)Where-i n the house,在定語從句中做地點狀語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。原因狀語(1) The reas On is not CIear He refused the in Vit

12、ati On for the reas OrL(2) The reas on (he refused the In Vitatio El for the reas On ) is n Ot CIear.(3) 重復的詞是the reason, for the reason在從句中做原因狀語的成分，關系詞中能作原因狀語的詞是why.The reas On (Why he refused the in Vitatio n) is not clear.(4) Why-for the reaso n,在定語從句中做原因狀語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。另外關系副詞when, where, Why可以改為，

13、介詞+which,介詞取決于與先行詞的搭配。例如：I StiIl remember the day (When I first Came to the SChOOI)=I StilI remember the day (On WhiCh I first Came to the SChOOI).The house (Where I IiVed ten years ago) =The has bee n PUIled dow n. house (in WhiCh I IiVed ten years ago)has bee n PUIleCl dowThe reason (Why he refuse

14、d the invitat ion)is not clear.二二The reason (for WhiCh he refused the invitation)is not clear.根據(jù)關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞郑煽偨Y如下:先行詞是人y從句缺主語who, that,從句缺賓語WhOmJ that, WhO) 省略從句缺定語WhOSe紅矢系代詞先行詞是物-J從句缺賓語WhiChJ that,省略L從句缺主語which, that指時間When指地點Where從句缺定語W hose指原因why矢系副詞She WaS talki ng With a Iady. Her SOn WaS ill

15、2. YOU Serlt my SiSter a PreSe nt. Thank you Very much for it.3. The ClOthes have bee n CIea ned I'm Weari ng them4. He is Sitting in a Chair It is broken.5. She is a person. EVeryOne IikeS to make friends With her.2. He WiIl always remember the years He SPent the years in the Iittle Village as a ChiId3. The ClOthes have been Cleaned I'm Wearing them4. He is Sitting in a Chair It is broken.5. EVeryOne IikeS to make friends With her She is a PerSOn.6. Can you tell me the reason? YOU SOId your new Car for the reason.7. That