動名詞的用法及練習題

1、動名詞的用法及練習題動名詞（gerund ）動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞+ ing 構成，否定形式為 not doing , 兼有動詞的特征和名詞的功能。一、動名詞保留著動詞的特征， 如下：有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。其時態(tài)語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式一般式完成式語態(tài)形式主動形式doinghav ing done被動形式being donehav ing bee n done二、動名詞相當于名詞，在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和定語1、作主語動名詞是由動詞變化而來，所以，動名詞的意義往往是表示某個動作或某件 事情。例如：walking is good exercise.走路是很好的運動seeing is b

2、eliev ing.眼見為實。smoking may cause cancer. 吸煙可能導致癌癥。coming to han gzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火車到杭州要 16 個小時。swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以發(fā)展肌肉。注意：動名詞作主語時，對于一些比較長的動名詞短語，一般采用"it is和"there is兩種句式來表示。例如：it takes me ten minutes to get home from my office. 我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘。 it needs time

3、 to make three copies of it.把它復制三份需要時間。it's nice talki ng with you.和你談話很高興。it's no use argu ing with him.跟他爭論沒用。it is no good lear ning without practice. 學而不實踐是沒好處的。 there is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。there is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否認的。2、作定語動名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍

4、，一般只限于表示用于. 的”或表示 單個的動名詞作定語, 處于某件事情中的”含義。例swimming pool 游泳池如：walki ng stick 手杖 operead ing material 閱讀材料 floating needle 浮針ning speech 開幕詞 waitlistening aid 助聽器 working people 勞動人民ing room 候車室3、作表語動名詞作表語的時候，特別要注意：不要與正在進行時混淆。動名詞作 表語，表達的是某件事”等。例如：his part-time job is promoti ng new products for the co

5、mpa ny.（動名詞）他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產品。read ing is for sure lear ning, but appl ying is also lear ning to a greater exte nt.（動名詞）讀書當然是學習，然而運用在很大程度上更是學習。注意：動名詞作表語，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相混淆。記?。簞用~表語表達的是某件事”與不定式短語的意義相近），而現(xiàn)在分詞表語表示具 有某個作用”。例如：the situati on is very much en couragi ng. （現(xiàn)在分詞） 形勢非常令人鼓舞。 his prese nt job is not

6、 that stimulat ing as he expected. （現(xiàn)在分詞） 他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。their pla n is to build ano ther dormitory for their staff this year.（不定式）他們的計劃是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓。his wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是當飛行員。4、作賓語。動名詞既可以作動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。例如： he is fond of play ing football.i like swimmi ng. 在下列動詞或詞組后可以用動名詞作賓語

7、，但不能用不定式：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，deny, dislike，enjoy，escape excuse, face，feel like，finish，forgive， give up， imagine，include， keep， mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest, can' t hel（情 不自禁）等。 下列動詞或詞組可帶動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別：forget， go on，mean，regret， remember，stop， try 。

8、例如：let ' s go on study ing less on 6.（讓我們繼續(xù)學第六課。說明前面已學了一部分。）let ' s go on to study less on 6.（讓我們接著學第六課。說明前面已學了第五課。）i remember doing the exercise.（我記得做過練習。）i must remember to do it.（我必須記著做這事。）i tried not to go there.（我設法不去那里。）i tried doing it aga in.（我試著又干了一次。）stop speaki ng.（不要講話。）he stoppe

9、d to talk.（他停下來講話。）i mea n to come early today.（我打算今天早些來。）missing the train means waiting for another hour.（誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。） 在 allow，advise，forbid，permit 等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如 果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：we don' t allow smok ing here.we don' t allow stude nts to smoke. 動詞 need, require , want

10、 作“需要”解，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式 或不定式的被動形式作賓語表示事情需要做，這時，動名詞的主動式表示被動 意義。be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式來表示被動意義。如：the wi ndow n eeds/requires/wa nts clea ning/to be clea ned. her method is worth trying. 在短語 devote to, look forward to ，stick to，to be used to, object to，thankyou for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficul

11、ty/trouble/problem(in) ， have a good/wonderful/hard time(in) ，there ' s no use/good/nqedeel/seem like/get down to 等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式，例如：i look forward to heari ng from you soon. 在 love，hate，prefer， like 等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。有 時用動名詞作賓語時，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時指某一具體行為。 start，begin，continue 在書面語中多后接動名詞，在口語中多后接不定

12、式。但 start 和 begin 在下列情況下一般跟不定式作賓語：當主語是物而不是人 時；當 start或 begin 以-ing 形式出現(xiàn)時，當后面作賓語的動詞表示感情、思想 或意念時。如：it started to snow. he is begi nning to cook dinn er. i bega n to un dersta nd what he meant. 在 should(would) like/love 等后須用不定式。2, 練習題i 、單項選擇：1. no one enjoysat.a. laugh ing laughedb. to laughc. being la

13、ughedd. to be2. you must do someth ing to preve nt your house.a. to be broke n inc. to break inb. from being broke n ind. from break ing in3. they in sisted onano ther cha nee to try.a. give nb. givingc. being give nd. to be give n4. - where is my passport? i rememberit here.-you should n't have

14、 left it here. rememberit with you all the time.a. to put ; to takec. putting ； to takeb. putting ； takingd. to put ; taking5. his room n eeds,so he must have ita. painting ； pain tedc. painting ； paintingb. pain ted ; paintingd. pain ted ; pain ted6. after fin ishi ng his homework he went ona lette

15、r to his pare nts.a. writeb. writi ngc. wroted. to write7. the young trees we pla nted last week requirewith great care.a. look ing afterc. to be looked afterb. to look afterd. take n good care of8. onlyen glish does n't meanthe ian guage.a. to learn ； to learnc. learning about ； learnb. learnin

16、g ； learningd. learning about ； learning9. she retur ned home only to find the door ope n and someth ing.a. missedb. to be missi ngc. missi ngd. to be missed10. she decided to devote herselfthe problem of old age.a. to studyb. study ingc. to study ingd. study11. rememberthe n ewspaper whe n you have

17、 fini shed it.a. putti ng backb. put backc. to put back d. be put back12. as she is look ing forward tofrom me, please rememberthisletter on your way to school.a. hear ； postc. be heard ； postingb. hearing ； to postd. be hearing ； to posting13. gran dma said that she had a lot of troubleyour han dwr

18、iti ng.a. to readb. to seec. read ingd. i n see ing14. writi ng stories and articleswhat i enjoy most.a. isb. arec. wasd. were15. we appreciateus to the ball.a. them to in vite b. to in vitec. their in vit ingd. beingin vited16. would you mindquiet for a mome nt? rm tryi nga form.a. keeping ； fillin

19、g outb. to keep ； to fill outc. keeping ； to fill out17. he was afraidfor being late.a. of see ingb. of being see nd. to keep; filling outc. to be see nd. to have see n18. i'd like to suggestthe meet ing till n ext week.a. to put offb. putti ng offc. put offd. to be put off19. i don't see ho

20、w i could possibly man agethe work without.a. finish ； helpingc. finishing ； helpingb. to finish ； being helpedd. finishing ； being helped20. anything worthis worthy ofwell.a. doing ； being donec. to be done; to be doneb. doing ； doingd. to be done； being done21. we advised them to take a rest, but

21、they in sistedthe work.a. fin ishb. to fin ishc. i n fin ishi ngd. on fin ishi ng22. i delayedyour letter because i had bee n away for a week.a. an swerb. an sweri ngc. writ ingd. to post23. the thief drove as fast as he could to escapeby the police.a. to be caught b. be caughtc. being caughtd. catc

22、hi ng24. i searched for my wallet and it was n't there. at first, i thought iit at home. then i rememberedit out to pay for the taxi.a. must have left ； to takec. might leave ； to takeb. may leave; takingd. could have left ； taking25. the n ews of his father's death, he burst into tears.a. a

23、fter heari ng b. on heari ng heardc. while heari ngd. havi ng26. his mother, the baby could not help.a. to see； to laughc. seeing； laughingb. seeing； to laughd. to see； laughing27. it's no useso much money on clothes.a. spe ndb. spe ntc. spe ndingd. being spe nt28. the sentence n eeds.a. improve

24、b. a improveme ntc. improvi ngd. improved29. lf he succeededa job, his childre n would n't be sufferi ng from hunger now.a. to findb. to look forc. i n findingd. i n look ing for30.i still rememberto my home tow n whe n i was young.a. tak ingb. take nc. being take nd. to takeu 、填入動詞的適當形式：1. can you imag ine yourselfin a ion ely isla nd? (stay)2. i can't un dersta nd yourat that poor child. (laugh)3. she did n't mi ndovertime. (work)4. to make a livi ng, he tried, and various other thin gs, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5. we are look ing forward to mary's. (come)6. s