動詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載動詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案一、動詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動詞所表示的動作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語動詞有16 種時(shí)態(tài)，但是常用的有9 種: (以 do 為例， S 表主語 )現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式S+do/does S+am/is/are(not)S+ have/has (not) done(not)+.doing S+ did (not) + S+was/were(not)S+ had (not) done doing 將來時(shí)S+ will(not) +S+ will (not) haveS+ will be (not) doingdodone過去將S+ should/wo

2、uld (not) + do來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行S+ have/has (not) been doing時(shí)(一 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法 :1）、表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作。句中常用 often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week, month, year)等時(shí)間狀語。(1). He goes to school every day.(2). They often come to school early.2）、表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)。(1). They are at home.(2). The old man is 76.3）、表示客觀真理。The sun is

3、bigger than the earth.4）、在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。(1). If it doesn t raintomorrow, we will go to the park.(2). When I graduate, I will go to the countryside.(二) 一般過去時(shí)用法 :1）、通常帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語，表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事，存在的狀態(tài)。這些時(shí)間狀語有： yesterday, last night(week, month, year), two days(weeks, months, years) ago, in 197

4、0, just now等.(1). Did you see her just now?(2). The First World War broke out in 1914.2）、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用” used to do和 would do ?！?1) I used to smoke.(2). During the vacation I would swim in the sea.3)在 since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中 , 如果主句的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ,那么 since從句就要用一般過去時(shí) .(1) You haven t changedmuch since we last met

5、.(2) It has been over a year since I came back from the country.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載4) 其他句型 It was two months before I received his lesson. It will be two months before we meet again. It was ten o clock when he arrived home. I didn t know you were in Paris.(三) 一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)1、形式：一般將來時(shí)有如下幾種表達(dá)方式1）、will/shall + V

6、 原形2）、be going to + V 原形3）、be to + V 原形4）、be about to + V原形5）、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一般將來時(shí)6）、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來時(shí)2、用法 :1）、will/shall + V 原形 ,表單純的將來 . will 適用于任何人稱 , shall 僅限于第一人稱 .eg: (1) They will be back next week.(2). Don t worry,shall/willI help you.2) be going to + V 原形 , 表主觀上打算做某事或表將要發(fā)生的事.eg: I am going to send these l

7、etters.3) be to + V 原形 ,表按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對方意見 . eg: We are to meet at the station at five.4) be about to + V原形 ,表即將發(fā)生的動作 ,通常不與時(shí)間狀語連用 . eg: Look! The race is about to start. I am about to speak when he rushes in.注意 : Miss Li is about to leave the office at 5 p.m. ( )×5) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一般將來時(shí) ,表按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動作 .但只限于少數(shù)動

8、作 ( 如:come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, move, sail )eg: The train is leaving.6) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來時(shí) ,一般用于時(shí)刻表 ,不可隨意改變 . 但只限于少數(shù)動作(如: come, leave, go, arive, start, begin, stop, return, open, meet, stay )eg: The meeting startsat five o clock.另外 , 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中, 也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來.eg: I will tell her

9、 when she comes back. I shall come even if it rains. (四) 過去將來時(shí)用法 :表示從過去的某時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)形式一樣，只需把 be 換成 was/were, shall 換成 should, will 換成 would 就行了。(1). I didn t know thatwouldyou come.(2). She said she was going to write to her parents.(3). I was about to go out when it rained.(4). I a

10、sked Bob if he was leaving for Nanjing.(5). If it didn t rainwe would go camping.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(五) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法 :1）、表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與 now, just now, at this moment, at present等詞連用。(1). Now, I am doing my homework.(2). Watch carefully, I am making coffee.2）表示說話者的某種強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩(贊許 ,氣憤 ,厭煩 ),常與 always, forever 等連用 .(1)

11、You are always making the same mistake生.(氣 )(2) She is always thinking of others instead of herself.( 贊許 )(六) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法 :1）、表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：then, at that time, at this time, this time yesterday, at midnight等。但在很多情況下要根據(jù)語言情景進(jìn)行判斷。(1). I was watching TV when the fire broke out.(2). W

12、hat were you doing this time yesterday?2）、當(dāng)兩個(gè)動作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，如果動作一樣長，則兩個(gè)都用進(jìn)行時(shí)；如果一長一短，則用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示較長的動作。(1). We were having dinner when someone knocked on the door.(2). I was typing while my brother was reading.(3). We were walking down the street when it began to rain.(七) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法 :1)表示動作在說話之前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在存在著一定影響。此時(shí)一般

13、不用時(shí)間狀語。(1). I have read Red and Black.(2). I have found my pen.(3). He has been to Beijing.2）、表示動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去，常用for 和 since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或用 so far, now, today, this week(month, year), in the past(last) few years, lately, recently, up to now, at present等時(shí)間狀語。(1). I have worked here for ten years.

14、(2). He has studied English since 1985.(3). My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years.注意：表示短暫性動詞如 come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時(shí)不能與 for, since 等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。I have joined the army for 3 years. 錯()應(yīng)該 I have been in the army for 3 years.或 I joined in the army three tears ago.(八 ) 過去完成時(shí)用法 : 過去完

15、成時(shí)的基本用法與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相似，所不同的是：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動作須在現(xiàn)在以前完成， 過去完成時(shí)的動作須在過去某一時(shí)間以前完成， 就是發(fā)生在 “過去的過去 ”。所以，使用過去完成時(shí)要先有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1）、表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。句中常用 by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。(1). I had learned 5000 words before I entered the university.(2). By the end of last year we had built five new houses.(3). Whe

16、n we got there the train had already left.(4). I had finished my homework before supper.2）表未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和想法（虛擬語氣）(1)I had meant to come, but something happened.(2) I had thought you would not come.(九) 將來完成時(shí)用法 : 表將來某時(shí)之前已將完成的動作。(1) They will have been here for ten years next July.(2) I shall have finished th

17、e work before he returns. (十) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法 : 表過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 ,并且可能還要持續(xù)下去 .使用的時(shí)間狀語有 :this week(month, year), these days, recently, lately, in the past fewyears, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) , for+ 時(shí)間段(1) we have been studying Unit4 this week.(2) we have been learning English for six years.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比現(xiàn)在

18、完成時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù) . 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作仍在進(jìn)行 ,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作的結(jié)果或影響 .(1) I have written a letter.(已寫完 ) I have been writing a letter.(還在寫 )(2) We have built the house for two months.動(作可能結(jié)束 ,也可能還要繼續(xù) )We have been building the house for two months.( 動作還在進(jìn)行 ,并且還要繼續(xù)下去 )2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動作是持續(xù)性的動作 ,不能使用狀態(tài)動詞 (表感覺 ,狀態(tài) ,心理活動等 ), 現(xiàn)在完

19、成時(shí)可與短暫性動詞 , 持續(xù)性動詞及狀態(tài)動詞連用 .3) 有些延續(xù)性動詞如 : keep, learn, study, live, stay, work等的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別不大 .Eg: I have lived / have been living here for many years.二、動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系 .英語動詞有兩種語態(tài) :主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) .主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 .被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 .e.g. 1. Many people speak English. 主(動語態(tài) )2. English is spoken by many people.