（整理版高中英語）高考英語考點語法單選超級歸納2

1、高考英語考點語法單項選擇超級歸納：八、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 情態(tài)動詞i.情態(tài)動詞根本用法情態(tài)動詞用 法否認式疑問式簡答式can能力體力，智力，技能允許或許可口語中常用可能性表猜測，用于否認句或疑問句中can not / cannot /cant docando?yes,can.no,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以問句中表示請求可能，或許表推測祝愿用于倒裝句中may not do maydo?yes,may. no,mustnt/cant.mightmight not domightdo?yes,mightno,might not.must必須，應(yīng)該表主觀要求肯定，想必肯定句中

2、表推測must not/mustnt domustdo? to.yes,must.no,neednt/dont havehave to只好，不得不客觀的必須，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化dont have to dodohave to do?yes,do. no,dont.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用shouldought not to/oughtnt to dooughtto do?yes,ought. no,oughtnt.shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shant doshalldo?yes,shall. no,shan

3、t.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該表義務(wù)責(zé)任本該含有責(zé)備意味should not/shouldnt doshoulddo?will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比擬委婉will not/wont dowill/woulddo?yes,will. no,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢常用于否認句和疑問句中dare not/darent dodaredo?yes,dare.no,darent.need需要,必須常用于否認句和疑問句中need not/neednt doneeddo?yes,must. no,neednt.used to過去常?，F(xiàn)在已不再u

4、sed not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to dousedto do?diduse to do?yes,used. no,use(d)nt. yes,did. no,didnt.重點知識表示“能力、許可的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/coulda computer_think for itself; it must be told what to do.a.cant b.mustnt c.may not d.might not表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could?或might？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其答復(fù)

5、一定要用can或may，以使答復(fù)口氣明確must表示一定，必須，mustnt表示禁止，不許可。could i call you by your first name? yes, you_a.will b.could johnny, you_play with the knife, you_hurt yourself.a.wont/cant b.mustnt/may c.shouldnt/must d.cant/shouldnt在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。the fire spread through the hotel ve

6、ry quickly buteveryone_get out.a.had to b.would c.could d.was able to表示“推斷、判斷的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。peter_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.a.must c.can 而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：mary is in poor health. she can be ill at any times.在否認句中只能用can和may。所以cant時用以代替mustn

7、t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。michael_be a policeman, for hes much too short.a.neednt b.cant c.should 在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。he may be very busy now. can he be very busy now?he must be very busy now. can he be very busy now?needneed作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否認句和疑問句。daredare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否認句和疑問句外

8、，還可以用于條件從句或表示疑心的句子中。if he dare come,i will kick him out. i dont know whether hedare say.注意:he doesnt dare(to)answer the question.否認句does she dare(to)enter the dark room?疑問句shall用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。what shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。you shall fail if you dont work harder. 警告should勸告、建議、命令

9、、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。you should(ought to) go to class right away. i should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.will/would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心。i will never do that again. they asked us if we would do that againwould可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。during the vacation he would vi

10、sit me every weekthe wound would not heal.傷口老是不能愈合would表示估計或猜測。it would be about ten when he left home. what would she be doing there?情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做。you could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+ have done：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否認推測。he cannot have been to that tow

11、n.can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的疑心或不肯定用在疑問句中。can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。he may not have finished the work.if we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否認式為：cannot have done。you must have seen the film.you cannot have see

12、n the film.neednt+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。you neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didnt need to(have to)do：沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做i didnt need to clean the windows.my sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否認形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。you should have started earlie

13、r, but you didnt.she shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape,for i worked to use it.注意：he should have finished the work by now.表推測虛擬語氣類 別用 法例 句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式be用were主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doif he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+do

14、neif i had been free,i would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝should he come ,tell him to ring me up.were i you,i would not do it.had i been free

15、,i would have visited you.混合虛擬條件句不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)那么if he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.if he had told me yesterday,i should know what to do now.if i were you, i would have gone to her birthday party.虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)那么he could have passed the exam,but he wasnt careful enough. you sh

16、ould have come earlier.the bus left a moment ago.含蓄虛擬條件句but for+名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最正確試題。-but for your timely warning,we _ into great trouble.-you know were friends.a. would get b. must have got c. would have got d. cant have gotwithout+名詞表示虛擬條件without the air to hold some of t

17、he sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.動詞不定式表示虛擬條件it would be only partly right to follow in this way.如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。過去分詞表示虛擬條件given more attention, the tree could have grown better.如果多留心的

18、話，這樹本來可以長的更好。副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件i was too busy at that time.otherwise,i would have called you.我當(dāng)時太忙，否那么我就給你打 了。連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件he _fatter but he eats too little .a. would become b. would have become c. must become d. must have become 其它狀語從句as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或haddone或wouldcouldmightdo。注意：as

19、if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當(dāng)說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時：it sounds as if it is raining聽起來像是在下雨。he talks as if he is drunk從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。與現(xiàn)在事實相反he talks as if he knew where she was與過去事實相反he talks about rome as if he had been there before.與將來事實相反he opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doturn on the ligh