2011年高考英語 熱點(diǎn)專題-定語從句

1、高考二輪英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 定語從句【專題綜述】定語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要語法項目之一，在高考各個題型中都有可能會涉及到。它的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，是高中階段英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個重點(diǎn)，也是高考英語?？嫉囊粋€考點(diǎn)，是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，掌握定語從句對于語言理解和運(yùn)用具有重要的意高考資源網(wǎng)義。對定語從句的考查角度較多，分析近幾年的高考試題發(fā)現(xiàn)：從從句類型上看，考查非限制定語從句，限制性定語從句；從關(guān)系詞上看，關(guān)系代詞which，關(guān)系副詞where，關(guān)系副詞when均有考查；從介詞+關(guān)系代詞方面，也有涉及。當(dāng)然不管從那個方面考查，只要弄清定語從句的有關(guān)概念就可以“以不變應(yīng)萬變”。因此學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考中要注意：1了解有關(guān)

2、定語從句的所有語法規(guī)則，弄清從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。2分清及物動詞和不及物動詞，判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，注意句子中逗號的語法作用。3注意先行詞的特殊性和關(guān)系代詞的選擇，依據(jù)先行詞來選擇“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。4. 加強(qiáng)有關(guān)定語從句的理解和練習(xí)。【專題要點(diǎn)】定語從句要點(diǎn)概述：1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。當(dāng)先行詞是時間或地點(diǎn)時，如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞when, where還是which或that；2.when,where引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別；3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)鍵要找準(zhǔn)先行詞或定語從句中的謂語動詞的固定搭配；4.that, which引導(dǎo)定語從

3、句的區(qū)別；5.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句；6.such-as與such-that的區(qū)別；the same-as/that的用法；7.the way作先行詞時用that/in which引導(dǎo)或省略that或in which；8.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。【考綱要求】對于定語從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容：1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；3.限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法；5.不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which/whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句及其該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的判斷；6.關(guān)系詞之間的異同現(xiàn)象及選用?！緦W(xué)法導(dǎo)航】根據(jù)考綱要求，考生

4、在復(fù)習(xí)備考時要弄清定語從句的先行詞與關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系；關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選擇和運(yùn)用；限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的用法以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句式和同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。把握命題規(guī)律，一般定語從句的命題熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下： 1.that與which的選用；that與where/when的選用； 2.“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用； 3.“介詞+which”與when/where間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系； 4.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別； 5.“不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which/whom”與“不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of them” 的選用； 6.定語從句中的主謂一

5、致現(xiàn)象。 1定語從句可以說是各地高考必然首先考慮的重要考點(diǎn)，在題目設(shè)計的過程中，勢必會以“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句為熱點(diǎn)，以非限制性定語從句為重點(diǎn)，以關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句為難點(diǎn)。 7在疑問句中或倒裝句中考查定語從句 8. 通過拆分詞組和固定搭配或者添加插入語或狀語來考查定語從句做到了以上幾點(diǎn)就能輕松拿到定語從句的分?jǐn)?shù)?！緦ｎ}突破】總體做題采用還原法：即把先行詞還原到定語從句里邊，看一下做什么成分、指人、物；做主語、賓語還是狀語等即可突破，具體說：1. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)劃出定語從句（劃完后必須是兩個獨(dú)立的句子）。2. 根據(jù)先行詞的特點(diǎn)、功能進(jìn)一步選擇。如果先行詞在定語從句中主、賓語

6、，則選關(guān)系代詞。如果先行詞在定語從句中做狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。3. 根據(jù)先行詞的具體用法進(jìn)一步選擇?！局R網(wǎng)絡(luò)】 定語從句用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分 用于限制從句或非限制性從句 只用于限制性從句 代替人 代替物代替人或物主語 Who which that主語 Whomwhich that賓語 Whose（=of whom） whose（=of which）This is the detective who came from London.Th

7、e book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.關(guān)系代詞的用法（1）如果先行詞是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which.例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先

8、等詞被形容詞最高級以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：（3）非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可

9、以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，（指人作主語時多用who）僅用于限制性定語從句中。（6）which可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征。品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。（7）如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which；若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who.（8）先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指

10、物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that.例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行詞是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用which.例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you？3.“介詞關(guān)系代詞”是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）“介詞關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?！敖樵~關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in，on，about，from，

11、for，with，to at，of，without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which，不可用that .（2）from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的

12、定語從句1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間。地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。2. that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間。地點(diǎn)或原因That有時可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when，where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間。地點(diǎn)或原因，在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1.二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句

13、，不可用that引導(dǎo)。2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)（1） 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語。賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3.先行詞與定語從句隔離定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：1）This is the article written by him that is poke to you about2）He was the only person in this country who was invited四、as在定語從句中的用法1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

14、（1）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（2）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which.例如：The elephant's nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the same- that與 the same -as在意思上是不同的。2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面。中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：（1）As is expected，the England t

15、eam won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone. 3.as, which的比較1).在非限制性定語從句中，均可替代整個主句或句中某個部分，在從句中作主語，賓語，表語如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have

16、said before.2).如從句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3).如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思，有“正如”“就象”之意時，用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.4). 當(dāng)先行項被the same, such, so修飾時，用asThis is the same bo

17、ok as you bought yesterday.同類書 (比較：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本書)Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.5). 當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容對主句內(nèi)容起消極作用，則用whichThe young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was

18、 disgraced.6). as 也可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 用來指待一件事，這時它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.As we know from his accent, he is an American.He, as we know from his accent, is an American.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.Grammar, as has been said above, i

19、s not a set of rules.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above. 正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.五、定語從句中的主謂一致。1.定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞的形式一致。2. one of名詞復(fù)數(shù)關(guān)系代詞復(fù)數(shù)動詞3. the only of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)關(guān)

20、系代詞單數(shù)動詞The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.六、way 后面的定語從句：the way + in which / that /省略定語從句I dont understand the way in which / that / they worked out this problem.七、that

21、引導(dǎo)的定語從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的區(qū)別： 1The fact that we talked about is very important. (that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，that作賓語，可省略。) 2 The fact that the Chinese invented the compass is known to all. (that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子 介紹的是fact的具體內(nèi)容。)八、非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別要區(qū)別是并列句還是非限制性定語從句，關(guān)鍵是看兩個句子之間是否有連詞，若有表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或分號破折號，那就是并列句；如果兩句之間沒有

22、這些連接符號，那就是非限制性定語從句，此時就需考慮使用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞了。1. The old man has three sons,and two of them are doctors.2. The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.九、易與定語從句混淆的其他從句定語從句與狀語從句(主要指時間狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句)、名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等易混淆，要注意它們之間的區(qū)別。A狀語從句B名詞性從句：定語從句與主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句及同位語從句的區(qū)別。C強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)【專題考案】1.

23、The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. who              B. which            C. whom           

24、60;D. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose            B. who              C. whom         

25、   D. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that             B. which            C. what      

26、;      D. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. when             B. where            C. which   

27、;        D. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. which            B. that           

28、  C. whom            D. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whom             B. which          

29、  C. who             D. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. when             B. where          

30、60; C. which           D. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. who              B. /          &#

31、160;     C. that            D. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. who              B. whom      &#

32、160; C. to whom         D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whom         B. when             C. to whom

33、60;       D. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him           B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to        

34、0;      D. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed   B. you showed him    C. you showed     D. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A

35、. of whom           B. from whom          C. about that     D. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. where   

36、0;          B. who               C. in which       D. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. that       

37、;        B. whom              C. when            D. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.

38、 that               B. which             C. whatever        D. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly

39、 welcomed at the airport.A. most of them     B. most of that       C. most of whom   D. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. who              

40、0; B. which              C. that            D. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoever     

41、60;      B. whomever          C. anyone          D. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. where           &

42、#160;  B. /                 C. when             D. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. where     

43、         B. that               C. which            D. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whi

44、ch              B. in which           C. that             D. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all

45、 _ you have told him.A. that, what         B. what, that         C. which, what      D. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. that     &

46、#160;         B. which              C. its             D. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could tur

47、n for help.A. whom               B. who                C. to whom         D. form whom26. Is this school _ we

48、visited three years ago?A. the one            B. which              C. that            D. where27. Is this the school _

49、we visited three years ago?A. the one            B. where              C. in which       D. /28, How many students are there in your class _ home

50、s are in the country?A. whose              B. who                C. whom            D. which29. Alice rec

51、eived an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it                 B. which              C. that       &

52、#160;    D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there were    B. which there were      C. that there were D. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whi

53、ch              B. whose              C. where           D. in that32. - What game is popular with them?  

54、;                - The _ most is tennis.A. game they like it  B. game they like   C. best game they like    D. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine

55、 I had.A. which          B. which time        C. during which time D. during which34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that             

56、; B. which            C. where            D. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. when          

57、60;   B. that              C. at which          D. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. that        &

58、#160;     B. what              C. which            D. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. which  &

59、#160;        B. as                 C. that             D. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

60、A. What              B. As                 C. That             D. Which39. The old man had thre

61、e sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whose             B. that               C. whom             D. who4

62、0. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of which   B. neither of which   C. both of which    D. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. why              

63、 B. which              C. for that         D. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A. which         

64、;    B. what               C. it               D. that43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. following 

65、        B. followed           C. to follow         D. that followed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. It         

66、;      B. Which               C. As               D. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father ex

67、pected.A. that was what    B. what was that      C. and which was   D. which was what46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. when              B. as  

68、                C. whose             D. what47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. when         

69、60;    B. as                  C. whose            D. what48. He is absent _ is often the case.A. what       &#

70、160;      B. which               C. who                D. as49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.A. that  

71、;            B. which               C. what               D. when50. Who _ has the same idea as it will d

72、o it in this way.A. who               B. that                 C. whom              D. which51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that, which        B. when, which      C. which, that        D. when,