初中英語時態(tài)歸納(較簡單)

1、初中階段，要求學生掌握動詞6種時態(tài)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)(一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進行時，過去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，和一般將來時態(tài))及它們的主要用法和區(qū)別。了解過去將來、過去完成時態(tài)的根本用法，解題時注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，正確判斷出時態(tài)，按時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)正確變化動詞。注意句子時態(tài)的一致性，注意對特殊時態(tài)的處理。1、一般現(xiàn)在時：l 用法:1)現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習慣性的動作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.2)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a sch

2、ool.3客觀真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時間狀語： often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning 等連用時。l 構(gòu)成：主語是I, we, you, they和名詞復數(shù)時作謂語的行為動詞用原形。主語是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時，動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變法如下：一般情況s以s, x, ch, sh,o結(jié)尾es以輔音y結(jié)尾變y為ies主語為第三人稱和名詞單數(shù)時：肯定式:S+V/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否認式:S+ don't/doesn

3、't +V+其他疑問式:Do/Does+S+V+其他簡略答復:(肯)Yes,S+do/does (否)No,S+do/does not 注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)以及名詞復數(shù)I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She

4、is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?l 當主語是第一、二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)以及名詞復數(shù)時：肯定式: S + be +···否認式: S+ be +not + ···疑問式: Am /Is /A

5、re + S+ ···?簡略答復: (肯) Yes,S + be. (否) No,S + be.練習題：1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont ge

6、t off, will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2. 現(xiàn)在進行時l 用法： 1說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作動作是在說話時正在進行。例如： She is having a bath now. 2現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作但是動作并不是必須在說話時正在進行。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. T

7、he population of the world is growing very fast.3頻度副詞always, forever等詞連用時， 表示某種強烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣賞，表揚)4表示按方案即將發(fā)生的動作僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等動詞。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5) 常用于現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的時間狀語： now ,look,listen等。l 構(gòu)成：be+ v-ing v-ing現(xiàn)在

8、分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況cook-cooking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母時.run-running, stop-stopping, 2)肯定句、否認句、疑問句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing否認句：S+be+not + V-ing一般疑問句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑問：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)以及名詞復數(shù)I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/Yo

9、u/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?練習題：1I dont think that its true. Shes _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told2. How _ you _ with the new job?A. do, do B. do,

10、get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on3- Are these socks yours? - No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung3一般將來時l 用法： 1將要發(fā)生的動作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如： Ar

11、e you going to watch the film on television tonight? 3) 常用于一般將來時的時間狀語：tomorrow next week in 2016 等。 l 構(gòu)成： 1. 助動詞will(shall)+v2. be +going to +v練習題： 1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left2.I_ to see grandma and

12、 help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2016.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4一般過去時l 用法：1 過去發(fā)生的動作。例如： The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 過去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：They weren't able to co

13、me because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般過去時的時間狀語： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。l 構(gòu)成：S+V-ed 用動詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母y結(jié)尾去y變ied重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫詞尾字母+ed2一般過去時態(tài)的肯定句、否認句和疑問句形式以be和like為例：主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)以及名詞復數(shù)I was a student.We/You/ They were stud

14、ents.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a student.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ th

15、ey like music?Did many people like music?練習題：1 r. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2-Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. come B. would come C. come D. h

16、ad come5、過去進行時l 概念： 1)過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進行的動作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2)常用于過去進行時的時間狀語： at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。l 構(gòu)成： was / were +v-ing1Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had bought

17、C bought D. would buy 2They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going6、現(xiàn)在完成時l 概念：1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already, just, ever, never, before等詞連用. 如: She has never read this novel.2)表示 “過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去. 常與for (后跟段時間)或since (后跟點時間)等連用.如:I ha

18、ve been a member of the Party for 10 years. I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引導時間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如： He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示明確的過去時間連用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去過去了又回來了 have/has gone to

19、表示“去過去了沒回來了 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)l 構(gòu)成： have / has + v-ing2現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的肯定句、否認句和疑問句形式以be和see為例：肯定句：S+ havehas+V-ed 否認句：S+ havehas+not(havent,hasnt)+V-ed 一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑問句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)以及名詞復數(shù) I /We/You/ They have b

20、een here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They havent been here before.He/ She hasnt been here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people havent seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many

21、 people seen the film?練習題：1.-How long _ he _ a fever?- Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have 2.My bowl is empty. Who _ all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank3. I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _? A. Didnt seen; did, go B. didnt see; have,

22、 gone C. havent seen; have, been D. havent seen; have gone7、過去完成時態(tài)l 用法：1、表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。 他表示的時間是“過去 的過去 常與by last year, by the time of yesterday,等連用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the

23、 bus had left.2、表示 從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。常與for (后跟段時間)或since (后跟點時間)等連用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.l 構(gòu)成： 肯定式：had + V_ed 否認式：hadnt + V_ed 疑問式：Had + V_ed 簡略答復: Yes, S + have/has had. No, S + had選擇最正確答案填空 1.Well go swimming if the weather_fine tomorrow.A. is B.wa

24、s C. will be D.is going to be 2.It_five years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be 3.Please dont leave the office until your friend_back.A.came B es C.have come D.will come 4.By the end of last year he_about 1500 English words.A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.ha

25、d learned 5.Listen ! Someone_in the next room .A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried 6.You must tell him the news as soon as you_him.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing 7.He told me that he_to see us the next day. A es B. came C. will come D. would come 8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he_ho

26、me.A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come 9.The teacher told us that the sun_bigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D.will be 10.Could you tell me where the railway station_?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 11.We_to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.h

27、ave been 12.It seemed that the old man_for something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked 13.He was sure that he_his wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left 14.You must study hard if you_ want to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt 15.

28、Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , I_know.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt 16. As she_the newspaper , Granny_asleep.A. read , was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell 17. Jim is not coming tonight . But he_ !A. promises許諾 B. promised C. will promise D. had promis

29、ed 18. Whats her name? I_.A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting三、動詞時態(tài)能力綜合測試 1.He often_his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 2.Im Chinese. Where_from?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 3.May_to school.A. never walks B. is never

30、walking C. walk never D. never is walking 4.We will start as soon as our teacher_ .A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 5.How long ago_playing football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop 6.It_ hard when I left my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D

31、. will rain 7.I think this question_to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy 8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father_.A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept 9.How many people does the doctor know who_of the disease (疾病)？A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies 10.I_my homework

32、now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 11.He_for three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army 12.His grandfather_for thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died 13.I_ from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. have

33、 not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear 14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, _always interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is 15.Did your brother go to America last year? _. A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there D. No , he has never be

34、en there 16.He_ that factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to 17.Our teacher_to Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been 18.Last week John_his leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken 19.Jack_his thick coat because it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on 20.He_the picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged 21.Next month_twenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be 22.You_her again in a