【個(gè)人手工制作】中學(xué)生VOA英語(yǔ)閱讀之封閉式房屋可降低能源消耗

1、中學(xué)生VOA英語(yǔ)閱讀之封閉式房屋可降低能源消耗Airtight Houses Lower Energy CostsWe may not be aware of it, but ordinary family homes in the U.S. and, indeed, the rest of the world are not energy-efficient.我們可能還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，但是美國(guó)的普通家庭以及世界其它地區(qū)的家庭的確沒(méi)能夠有效利用能源。Most of their energy goes to heating and cooling, and a lot of it is wasted

2、,as warm and cool air escape through fireplace chimneys and thin and poorly fitting windows and doors,and because of inadequate insulation.他們的能源大多應(yīng)用在了供熱制冷上面，大部分都浪費(fèi)掉了，熱氣和冷氣從壁爐的煙囪、薄窗或有縫兒的窗戶和門(mén)冒出，由于隔離裝置欠缺。A passive house loses almost none.被動(dòng)式節(jié)能屋不會(huì)浪費(fèi)掉任何能源?！癐magine a thermos, you have insulation everywher

3、e, and its basically completely sealed.And so the idea is to build a house not unlike a thermos so,the windows are sealed and triple-glazed, theres insulation completely surrounding the building, we make it as airtight as possible.”“想象一個(gè)熱水瓶，四處都是隔離的，處于完全密封狀態(tài)。因此，這個(gè)理念就是要建造一個(gè)與熱水瓶一樣的房子，窗戶是密封的，并且非常光滑，隔離裝置

4、四面圍繞著整個(gè)建筑，我們要盡可能地將其密封。”This 147-square-meter (1,580-square-foot) passive house, recently presented as a demonstration unitjust outside Washington D.C., was prefabricated and brought to the site in two boxes.近期展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)147平方米（1580平方英尺）的被動(dòng)式節(jié)能屋，作為華盛頓外的示范裝置，我們預(yù)先制造了構(gòu)件，并用兩個(gè)箱子將其帶到指定地點(diǎn)?！癘nce its set and put tog

5、ether, it takes roughly three or four weeks to go ahead and finish the areas of drywall that werent done,to put down carpeting if its not in the room, to put in final touches,but honestly if everything is set in place, you could put a house together like this in about three to four months.”“一旦搞定，并裝在

6、了一起，我們大約需要花費(fèi)3到4周的時(shí)間來(lái)完成干式墻區(qū)域的工作，如果不在房間里面，那還需要擺好地毯，并做最后的修整，但老實(shí)說(shuō)，如果一切就緒，房屋會(huì)在3-4個(gè)月建好?！盩he total cost of building it was $325,000, or about 17 percent more than constructing an ordinary house.But its estimated utility bill is only around $20 monthly, or ten times less than for an average house of the sam

7、e size.房屋總開(kāi)銷325000美金，或者說(shuō)是普通房屋造價(jià)的1.17倍。然而，據(jù)估計(jì)，該房屋每月賬單大概只需20美元，或者說(shuō)比同樣大小的普通房屋開(kāi)銷少十倍。While passive houses have been around for a long time, the idea never take root in the U.S.然而當(dāng)被動(dòng)式房屋已經(jīng)遍布各地的時(shí)候，其理念仍然還沒(méi)有在美國(guó)樹(shù)立?！癟here was no driving force to push it, I think climate change is now becoming a larger issue.And

8、 I think building codes are catching on the that.So everything is, people are becoming more conscious of energy.”“這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有驅(qū)動(dòng)力推動(dòng)它，我認(rèn)為，當(dāng)今氣候變化是一個(gè)很大的問(wèn)題。我認(rèn)為房屋建筑規(guī)范必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。因此，人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到了能源問(wèn)題。”Architect David Peabody said the cost of building passive houses could come down.建筑師大衛(wèi)·皮博迪稱，建造被動(dòng)式節(jié)能房屋的成本是可以降低的?！?/p>

9、What really makes sense for truly affordable housing, is to do duplexes and fourplexes.Because then youve got that bigger volume, you got less exterior walls, and those exterior costs come way down.”“經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房的真正起作用的是那些占兩層樓或四層樓的公寓套房。因?yàn)?，一旦體積變大，所需建造的外墻就會(huì)變少，于是那些外部成本就會(huì)下降。”This house will soon be offered to

10、low and medium-income buyers.被動(dòng)式節(jié)能屋將在不久后服務(wù)于那些中低層收入者。單詞及例句詳解1 aware w意識(shí)到的；知道的；覺(jué)察到的；例句1.Advertising aims to make people aware of a product and favourably inclined towards it.廣告的目的是讓人認(rèn)識(shí)產(chǎn)品然后產(chǎn)生好感。2.He made believe not to be aware of my presence.他假裝不知道我在那里。3.I am quite aware 

11、of that.我完全知道這事。2 ordinary :dinri普通的，平常的，正常的；規(guī)定的，照常的，平凡的，拙劣的；平庸的，平淡的；法直轄的；例句1.A poet is one who can convert ordinary words into a meaningful and effective piece of writing.詩(shī)人是能夠用普通的文字寫(xiě)出寓意深刻、感人至深的作品的人。2.At that time they could not produce ordinary garments, not to speak of high-gr

12、ade ones.那時(shí)他們連普通衣服都不能生產(chǎn)，更不要說(shuō)高級(jí)的了。3.An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet.平常的地下火車接近車站時(shí)，發(fā)出的聲音可能是最大聲的噴射機(jī)的兩倍。3 indeed indi:d的確，確實(shí)，實(shí)在；實(shí)際上，真正地；真的，真是；甚至；例句1.'Are you pleased at our success?''Yes, indeed.”“你對(duì)我們的成功感到欣慰嗎？”“是的，確實(shí)感到

13、欣慰。”2.Indeed he has a solemn face, but he is very humorous at heart.他的確有一副嚴(yán)肅的臉孔，但內(nèi)心卻是很富幽默感。3.I was annoyed, indeed furious, over what happened.出了這件事我很不痛快,實(shí)際上是憤怒至極。4 efficient ifint有效率的；（直接）生效的；能干的；（因省錢(qián)、省時(shí)或省力等而）收效大的；例句1.A quietly efficient manservant brought them coffee and b

14、randy.一個(gè)不起眼而能干的男仆給他們端來(lái)了咖啡和白蘭地。5 escape iskeip逃脫；（氣體，液體等）漏出；（未受傷或只受了一點(diǎn)傷害而）逃脫；聲音（不自覺(jué)地）由發(fā)出；例句1.A fox breaks wind in order to escape from hunting dogs.狐貍放屁以逃避獵狗。6 fireplace faples壁爐；例句1.But for the fireplace, not anything can tell us the past of this building.除了壁爐(fireplace)之外，沒(méi)有東西能說(shuō)明這座大樓過(guò)去的樣子

15、。2.She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire.她站得離壁爐太近了,衣服燒著了。3.Books and a fireplace lent a feeling of warmth to the room.書(shū)和房?jī)?nèi)的火爐給人一種溫暖的感覺(jué)7 chimneys timniz煙囪（ chimney的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ）；煙筒；（巖石間可供攀登的）狹孔；狹縫；例句1.I like the general style of the building, but the chimn

16、eys are out of proportionthey're too big.我喜歡這棟房子的總構(gòu)型，可是煙囪太大，不成比例。8 inadequate nædkwt不充足的；不適當(dāng)?shù)?；不足勝任的；信心不足的；例?.His boss is telling him that his work is inadequate.他的老板告訴他，他的工作量不夠。2.Considering the losses in the disaster area, our support was an utterly inadequate measure.比起災(zāi)區(qū)的損失，我們

17、的支援不過(guò)杯水車薪。3.Inadequate food can stunt a child's development.食物不足能影響兒童的發(fā)育。9 insulation nslen, nsj-隔離，孤立；絕緣；絕緣或隔熱的材料；隔聲；例句1.Foam rubber provides good insulation.泡沫橡膠隔絕性能良好。10 passive pæsiv被動(dòng)的；消極的；不抵抗的；冷漠的；例句1.He has a passive disposition.他個(gè)性消極。2.A program in execution, a proces

18、s is an active entity, which can cause things to occur, as opposed to a program, which is a passive entity.一種正在執(zhí)行中的程序，是一種活著的實(shí)體，能引起事件的發(fā)生; 而程序是被動(dòng)的，處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。3.Passive character, attitude, quality, or behavior.消極主義消極被動(dòng)的性格、態(tài)度、品質(zhì)或行為11 thermos ':ms熱水瓶，保溫瓶。來(lái)自于德國(guó)品牌膳魔師保溫瓶商標(biāo)“Thermos”；例句1.I was

19、 alone, packing a rifle, a thermos of coffee and three thick sandwiches.我獨(dú)自一個(gè)人, 帶著一桿槍 、 一暖瓶咖啡和3塊厚厚的三明治.12 basically beisikli主要地；從根本上說(shuō)；基本，基本上；總的說(shuō)來(lái)；例句1.Basically I agree with your plan.我基本上同意你的計(jì)劃。13 sealed si:ld未知的，密封的；例句1.Heat-sealed: easily heat-sealed, can be sealed by the high-frequency equipment.

20、可封性：易于熱封，而且可使用高頻封設(shè)備進(jìn)行包裝生產(chǎn)。2.The jar must be well sealed.這個(gè)罐子得封嚴(yán)實(shí)了。3.I'd like to tell you what I know but my lips are sealed.我何嘗不想把我知道的都告訴你，只是有口難言。14 unlike nlaik（表示屬性）與不同；不像；例句1.It's unlike him to be late; he's usually on time.他不是會(huì)遲到的那種人，他通常很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。2.He managed to finish

21、the race, unlike more than half of the competitors.他在比賽中堅(jiān)持跑完了全程，不像大部分選手那樣半途而廢。3.Unlike his brother, he has a good sense of humor.和他兄弟不同，他有種幽默感。15triple 英 trpl  美 trpl adj.三倍的，三方的，三部分的vt.& vi.（使）增至三倍n.三倍的數(shù)量; 三個(gè)一組; 棒三壘安打變形過(guò)去式： tripled 過(guò)去分詞： tripled 現(xiàn)在分詞

22、： tripling 第三人稱單數(shù)： triples例句1.In 1882 Germany, Austria, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance.1882年，德國(guó)、奧地利和意大利組成了三國(guó)同盟。2.The merger puts the firm in a position to triple its earnings.合并可使公司利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)兩倍。3.The mine reportedly had an accident rate triple the national average.據(jù)報(bào)道，該礦事故發(fā)生率是全國(guó)平均水平的3

23、倍。16glaze 英 glez  美 lez vt.裝玻璃; 上釉于; 上光vi.（目光）變得呆滯無(wú)神; 變得光滑n.上釉的表面; 釉料; 光滑面; （澆在糕點(diǎn)上增加光澤的）蛋漿變形復(fù)數(shù)： glazes 過(guò)去式： glazed 過(guò)去分詞： glazed 現(xiàn)在分詞：glazing 第三人稱單數(shù)： glazes例句1.The company is now offering to double-glaze the windows for £3,900.該公司現(xiàn)在報(bào)價(jià)3,900英鎊安裝雙層玻

24、璃窗。2.Brush the glaze over the top and sides of the hot cake.在熱蛋糕的頂上和周圍刷上一層蛋漿。3.A lot of people's eyes glaze over if you say you are a feminist.如果你說(shuō)你是女權(quán)主義者，好多人都會(huì)愣住。17surround 英 srand  美 srand vt.包圍，圍繞n.（物品的）邊; 外圍物變形復(fù)數(shù)： surrounds 過(guò)去式： surrounded 過(guò)去分詞： surrounded現(xiàn)

25、在分詞： surrounding 第三人稱單數(shù)： surrounds例句1.Tall trees surround the lake.環(huán)湖都是大樹(shù)。2.A myriad of stars surround the moon.眾星拱月.3.He likes to surround himself with amusing people.他喜歡讓自己身邊擁著有趣的人們.18 airtight etat不透氣的；密封的； and lt;主美口 and gt;（防守等）嚴(yán)密的；無(wú)懈可擊的；例句1.Domestic refuse collection facilities

26、shall be rehabilitated to realize airtight and transportationclearance of the waste.建設(shè)和完善城市地區(qū)生活垃圾收容設(shè)施，做到密閉清運(yùn)，日產(chǎn)日清。2.An airtight excuse.無(wú)懈可擊的借口19 square skw正方形；廣場(chǎng)；平方；方格；例句1.A carpet six metres square has an area of 36 square metres.一塊6米見(jiàn)方的地毯面積是36平方米。2.Let's call it a

27、ll square, shall we?咱們誰(shuí)也不欠誰(shuí)的了，對(duì)吧？3.Can I leave you to square up with the waiter?我把跟服務(wù)員結(jié)帳的事交給你辦行嗎？20 demonstration demnstren證明，論證；實(shí)物示教，示范；示威游行；表示；例句1.Student ability the way of the demonstration main have classroom demonstration, demonstration outside the lesson.學(xué)生能力展示的主要有課堂展示，課外展示。2.T

28、his demonstration was a symptom of discontent among the students.這次示威表明學(xué)生中有不滿情緒。3.The demonstration passed off without incident.游行自始至終未發(fā)生意外。21unit 英 ju:nt  美 junt n.單位，單元; 裝置; 個(gè)體; 數(shù)單位數(shù)變形復(fù)數(shù)： units例句1.The unit's exports will total $85 million this year.該部門(mén)今年的出口總額

29、將達(dá)8,500萬(wàn)美元。2.Their unit was shelling the German lines only seven miles away.他們的部隊(duì)在炮轟僅有7英里之遙的德軍防線。3.From the smallest to the largest production unit, no one escaped notice.從最小的到最大的生產(chǎn)單位，全都在監(jiān)控之下。22prefabricate英 'pri:'fæbrket  美 prifæbrket vt.預(yù)制變形過(guò)去式： prefabricated 過(guò)去分詞：

30、 prefabricated 現(xiàn)在分詞：prefabricating 第三人稱單數(shù)： prefabricates例句1.Easily installed, no need basis etc. prefabricate assembly.壓縮機(jī)的安裝簡(jiǎn)便, 無(wú)需基礎(chǔ)等預(yù)制裝配.23rough 英 rf  美 rf adj.粗糙的，崎嶇不平的; 粗魯?shù)? 狂暴的，洶涌的; 未經(jīng)加工的vt.粗暴地對(duì)待; 使粗糙; 草擬n.粗糙的部分; 艱難，苦難; （高爾夫球場(chǎng)的）深草區(qū)adv.粗暴地vi.舉止粗野變形過(guò)去式： roughed&

31、#160;過(guò)去分詞： roughed 現(xiàn)在分詞： roughing 第三人稱單數(shù)： roughs 比較級(jí)： rougher 最高級(jí)： roughest例句1.The company I work for went through a rough patch.我所在的公司經(jīng)歷了一段困難時(shí)期。2.She passed the needle through the rough cloth, back and forth.她一針一針地縫那塊粗布。3.A fishing vessel and a cargo shi

32、p collided in rough seas.一艘捕魚(yú)船和一艘貨船在波濤洶涌的海上相撞了。24 drywall 'draw:l干式墻；例句1.While our roof was damaged and the rain permeated the drywall inside, we were unharmed.當(dāng)屋頂被破壞,雨水浸入到干的墻的時(shí)候, 我們沒(méi)有受到任何傷害.25carpet 英 k:pt  美 k:rpt n.地毯，桌毯; 毛毯，絨毯; 地毯狀覆蓋物; （裝在飛機(jī)上的）雷達(dá)電子干擾儀vt.在上鋪地毯; 把地毯鋪在上; 斥責(zé)變形復(fù)數(shù)： 

33、carpets 過(guò)去式： carpeted 過(guò)去分詞： carpeted 現(xiàn)在分詞： carpeting 第三人稱單數(shù)： carpets例句1.The carpet was a wedding present from the Prime Minister.這張地毯是首相送的結(jié)婚禮物。2.It is not possible to reposition the carpet without damaging it.想要挪動(dòng)地毯又不讓它損壞是不可能的。3.While the water was heating she

34、 decided to shake out the carpet.趁著燒水的時(shí)候，她決定將地毯抖抖干凈。26construct 英 knstrkt  美 knstrkt vt.修建，建造; 構(gòu)成; 創(chuàng)立; 數(shù)作圖n.結(jié)構(gòu)（物）; 構(gòu)想; 概念變形復(fù)數(shù)： constructs 過(guò)去式： constructed 過(guò)去分詞： constructed現(xiàn)在分詞： constructing 第三人稱單數(shù)： constructs例句1.Any attempt to construct an ideal society is foredoomed to failure.任何構(gòu)建理想社會(huì)的努力都注定要失敗。2.It is proverbially easier to destroy than to construct