《商務(wù)英語閱讀》ppt課件

1、1.; Title: UKs share of renminbi trade leapsprediction2 When we know what the topic of a reading is, we can use our “internal” knowledge to predict information we will read. Prediction works well on at least two levels: Prediction based on title Prediction based on paragraphs3.;Title Predictionbefor

2、e you read, look at the title of the text and make prediction. It may reveal the authors stance or make a claim the piece will try to support. What clue does the title give me about the piece of writing. IMF changes tune on outlookWhat do I know or do not know about the subject before I read? IMF =

3、國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)4.;Paragraphs Prediction Predictions should be done paragraph by paragraph. This means that one asks questions during the process, relying on the former words to get an idea of what kind of sentence is likely to follow. Then the real reading will either confirm or reject the prediction.

4、 When reading is a constant, active process of guessing, you focus more effectively on the ideas in a text.5.;News Title: UKs share of renminbi trade leaps 倫敦人民幣交易量大幅上升倫敦人民幣交易量大幅上升What clue does it give me about the piece of writing. description of Renminbi trade leaps in London (share, statistics)t

5、he reasons for this leap or impactclaims made by the authorityWhat do I know or do not know about the subject before I read?Know: renminbi, UK, previous trade of renminbi in UKDont know: reasons reaction from the government/banks the influence on Londons economy portion 6.;London has strengthened it

6、s position as a global centre for offshore renminbi, as new market players drive a rapid rise in international trading of the Chinese currency.The UK capital, the worlds dominant centre for foreign exchange transactions, accounts for 62per cent of renminbi trading conducted outside China and Hong Ko

7、ng. That compares with 54 per cent in January, the data from payments group Swift show.Brief introductionQuestion: 1.How did London s t r e n g t h e n i t s position as a global centre for offshore renminbi? 2.How did new market players drive a rapid rise in international trading of the Chinese c u

8、 r r e n c y . (statistics)7.;Ju Wang, Asian currency strategist at HSBC, said the expansion in renminbi trading had been driven by a wave of deregulation, the emergence of trading centres and fresh sources of demand.“We see a lot of new players, like hedge funds, as well as corporates, who use the

9、renminbi for hedging purposes,” said Ms Wang, who added that central banks and private bank clients had also shown strong interest.Question: why? How did it happen? And who a r e t h o s e m a r k e t players?- Reason8 Brief introduction Description (narration, statistics, quotation) Reasons Explain

10、ing Conclusion description of Renminbi trade leaps in London (share, statistics) the reasons for this leap or impact claims made by the authority about this change9 wrong prediction? The prediction, no matter right or wrong, will get our mind closer to the theme of the text to be read. There is no d

11、oubt that the reading results will be better than the situation where we reading with a blank mind no matter if your prediction is right or wrong. When reading is a constant, active process of guessing, you focus more effectively on the ideas in a text.10.;11 Try to predict the content of the follow

12、ing title. First consider what you already know the topic. Then think of some questions to which the text might supply answers. Sales of Lenovo mobile devices outstrip PCs for the first timeSample Predicting Process12 Title: Sales of Lenovo mobile devices outstrip PCs for the first time” What you al

13、ready know 1. Lenovo mobile devices as well as its PCs. 2. background information about this company 3. sales for electronic productSample Predicting Process13 Title: Sales of Lenovo mobile devices outstrip PCs for the first time” Questions to make predictions 1. achievements narration 2. Reasons 3.

14、 Impacts on other Manufacturers of Electronic Products 4. opinions made by officials in the companySample Predicting Process141. More Professional Terms2. Typical Data Description15 經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞報(bào)道涉及一定商務(wù)理論和商務(wù)實(shí)踐等方面，其語言具有極強(qiáng)的專業(yè)性。 不具有一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)是根本無法了解這些專業(yè)的商務(wù)英語詞匯的內(nèi)涵的。16 The risk of hard landing of Chinas economy is

15、not foreseen at a Group of Twenty (G20) ministerial meeting as the country has seen increasing vitality, Chinese Finance Minister Lou Jiwei said Saturday. 中國財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)樓繼偉周六表示，二十國集團(tuán)部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議沒有預(yù)見到中國經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)硬著陸，因?yàn)橹袊慕?jīng)濟(jì)活力一直在增強(qiáng)。17 經(jīng)濟(jì)“硬著陸”（hard landing）是指采用強(qiáng)力的財(cái)政貨幣政策一次性在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)通過犧牲較多的國民收入將通脹率降到正常水平。一個(gè)國家實(shí)行的政策過緊，在出現(xiàn)大幅度通脹后，緊

16、接著出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的通貨緊縮，從而導(dǎo)致失業(yè)增加，經(jīng)濟(jì)速度下滑過快。 經(jīng)濟(jì)“軟著陸”（soft landing）是指在通貨膨脹被解決的同時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)仍然保持著適當(dāng)?shù)脑鲩L(zhǎng)速度，各方面都未受到破壞，國民經(jīng)濟(jì)健康運(yùn)行。下調(diào)以后可以回升，在一年之內(nèi)達(dá)到甚至超過回調(diào)前的最高水平。18 Countries, including Argentina, the Philippines and Malaysia, have been stuck in this type of dilemma when heading toward becoming high income nations, a situation the

17、 World Bank refers to as middle income trap. 阿根廷、菲律賓、馬來西亞等國在邁向高等收入國家的道路上都曾陷入這種兩難境地，世行稱之為“中等收入陷阱”。19 middle income trap“中等收入陷阱”，是指當(dāng)一個(gè)國家的人均收入達(dá)到中等水平，由于不能順利實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力不足，最終出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯的一種狀態(tài)。 Background Information: 2010年中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）超過4000美元，達(dá)到了世界銀行中等偏上收入國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。分析人士認(rèn)為，力避一些發(fā)展中國家曾遭遇的“中等收入陷阱”，解決經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)帶

18、來的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，已成為未來中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的重大課題。20 Even when the United States reaped a peace dividend of more than 2% of GDP in reduced defense spending after 1990, it cut, rather than increased, foreign-assistance spending as a share of national income. dividend 紅利,股息 GDP 國民生產(chǎn)總值 defense spending 國防支出國防支出 foreign-assist

19、ance spending 對(duì)外援助支出 share 比例,份額, 股票 income 收入 hidden income 1990 年以后削減國防支出給美國帶來的和平紅利高達(dá)GDP 的2%。即使在這種情況下, 美國對(duì)外援助支出在國民收入中的比例也沒有提高, 相反卻下降了。21用以反映宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)(economic dynamics)的指標(biāo), 主要有: “國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值”(gross domestic product, GDP ) “國民生產(chǎn)總值”(gross national product, GNP) “國民生產(chǎn)凈值”(net national product, NNP) “國民收入”(nat

20、ional income, NI) 其中, GDP 運(yùn)用得最為廣泛, 一般文章中講經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度是百分之幾即是指GDP。GDP 是一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)中所生產(chǎn)出的全部最終產(chǎn)品和提供勞務(wù)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的總值。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，常用GDP和GNP（國民生產(chǎn)總值、gross national product）共同來衡量該國或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展綜合水平通用的指標(biāo)。22 hidden income (隱性收入）- 在工資、獎(jiǎng)金、津貼、補(bǔ)助等正常渠道之外取得的非公開性收入，如兼職兼業(yè)收入，業(yè)余進(jìn)行的經(jīng)營(yíng)收入、勞務(wù)報(bào)酬所得等。 off-the-books income (灰色收入灰色收入)- 也就是沒有入賬的、用以逃稅的正

21、常管理之外的收入。 逃稅(tax evasion) books在這里是“賬簿”的意思, off-the-books也就是指“不入賬的”。 “黑色收入黑色收入”是illegal income（不法收入）； “白色收入白色收入”是legitimate income（合法、合理的收入）； 灰色收入是介于這兩者之間的收入。23 Commodity futures trading is an important part of the buying and selling process. futures“期貨，(單數(shù)形式的抽象意義“未來”) securities 表示“有價(jià)證券”，而非“安全”， fa

22、cilities 表示“ 設(shè)備，設(shè)施”，而非“容易，便利”。 cash withdrawal facility -ATM (Automatic Teller Machine 自動(dòng)取款(出納)機(jī)；) transaction 交易,業(yè)務(wù) 商品的期貨交易是買賣過程中的重要組成部分。提取現(xiàn)金的設(shè)備24在進(jìn)出口時(shí)務(wù)中在進(jìn)出口時(shí)務(wù)中, 單證也是必不可少的單證也是必不可少的, 常常包括商業(yè)發(fā)票常常包括商業(yè)發(fā)票(commercial invoice). 形式發(fā)票(proforma invoice) 海關(guān)發(fā)票(customs invoice) 提單(bill of lading) 匯票(draft / bill

23、 of exchange ) 保險(xiǎn)單( insurance policy ) 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) (insurance premium) 產(chǎn)地證書(certificate of origin) 檢驗(yàn)證書( inspection certificate) 許可證( license) proper noun 專有名詞25 商務(wù)英語的詞匯大多數(shù)都是縮略詞匯(shortening words) ， 其中包含大量專業(yè)術(shù)語，具有商務(wù)含義的普通詞或復(fù)合詞，以及縮略詞等。這一類詞隨著使用的頻率和時(shí)間增多，已被人們所接受，并成為商務(wù)英語的一大特點(diǎn), Corp. corporation 公司,財(cái)團(tuán)法人 FB foreign

24、bank 外國銀行 fd. fund 資金 F.O.C. free of charge 免費(fèi) imp. import 進(jìn)口 in the two non-fmcg categories covered in the survey “fmcg”也是fast moving consumer goods的縮寫。意思是快速消費(fèi)品.26 B/L（bill of lading）提單 Exp.& Imp.Inc（ export-import incorporation）進(jìn)出口公司 forex（foreign exchange）外匯 workfare（work welfare） 工作福利制 商談價(jià)格時(shí)

25、涉及到terms of price (價(jià)格術(shù)語) 有: FOB (free on board, 離岸價(jià)) , CIF (cost, insurance and freight, 到岸價(jià)) 海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn) CFR (cost and freight, 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià))。271. More Professional Terms2. Typical Data Description28 美元符號(hào)使用“ $ ” 英鎊符號(hào)使用“” 歐元符號(hào)使用“ ” 人民幣使用“ ” 日元使用 “ ”29 Types of Diagrams Typical Data Description30表格(table)、線狀圖(lin

26、e graph)、柱形圖(bar diagram)、餅型圖(pie graph)、示意圖(schematic chart)、流程圖(flow chart )及組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖(organization structural chart)31餅型圖餅型圖(pie graph)32柱形圖柱形圖(bar diagram)33線狀圖線狀圖line graph34示意圖示意圖(schematic chart)35share of the handset market3637 圖表描述常用句型圖表描述常用句型 1.the table shows the changes in the number ofover

27、the period fromto 該表格描述了在年之年間數(shù)量的變化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that 該柱狀圖展示了 3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding 該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)有趣數(shù)據(jù)。 4.the diagram shows （that） 該圖向我們展示了 5.the pie graph depicts （that） 該圓形圖揭示了 38 6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of 這個(gè)曲線圖描述了的趨勢(shì)。 7.the figur

28、es/statistics show （that） 數(shù)據(jù)（字）表明 8.the tree diagram reveals how 該樹型圖向我們揭示了如何 9.the data/statistics show （that） 該數(shù)據(jù)（字）可以這樣理解 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that 這些數(shù)據(jù)資料令我們得出結(jié)論 3940 1上升或增長(zhǎng) 表示上升或增長(zhǎng)的詞或短語主要包括： 動(dòng)詞類 increase/ rise/ grow/ hike jump/ leap/ surge (速度快) soar/ skyrocke

29、t (來勢(shì)猛) reach/ hit/ break go up push amount to shoot up move/ spiral/ upward非動(dòng)詞類an increase/ rise ofa growth/ leap/ surge/ upsurgean upward trend/ movement/ spiralup from/ torising/ increasing toon the rise/ increase Any differences?41 在上述詞和短語中，表示上升和增長(zhǎng)的程度有所區(qū)別. 像 jump, leap, soar, shoot up 和skyrocket

30、等次表示“迅速、大幅度增加或上升”，而其他的詞和短語在表達(dá)上述有意思時(shí)還須增加相應(yīng)的副詞或類似的短語。 astronomical 巨大,龐大的 Oil prices rose sharply from the second quarter of 2000 through to November but then eased, partly because of the global slowdown.42 The countrys urban retail sales leapt nearly 12%. The global economy in 2000 grew at its fastes

31、t pace in over a decade and a half. Actual foreign direct investment rose by 24.2% to USD$4.58 billion in the first two months of this year while contracted FDI shot up by 47.1% in the same period.43 表示減少或下降的詞和短語主要有：表示減少或下降的詞和短語主要有： decrease/ drop/ fall/ slip/ decline slide/ shrink/ trim/ dwindle/ c

32、ut slump/ collapse/ crash/ slash slacken/ slump/ dip plunge/ plummet/ nosedive move downward spiral downward slow down be reduced/ deducted a decline/ drop of a downward trend/ movement down from/ down to a downward spiral declining/ dropping to on the decrease/ decline 44 plunge, plummet, nosedive,

33、 slump, collapse, crash本身就含有劇烈或大幅度劇烈或大幅度,急劇下降急劇下降的意思， shrink, trim(收縮), 本身表示少量和小幅度少量和小幅度的意思， In April, the wholesale price index decreased 0.7% from a year earlier. Actual investment during January-October was reduced to 3%. Third-quarter US GDP data showed that profits had dropped to 4.1percent of

34、GDP. Growth in property sales slid 13% in October from 37% in the first three quarters of 2001. The International Monetary Fund predicts that the countrys GDP growth will dip back below 8% in 2001.45對(duì)于表示增長(zhǎng)或下降的中性詞或短語，前面常常會(huì)有些表示程度或幅度的副詞或短語。以下列出比較常用的一些副詞和短語，從左到右變化強(qiáng)度依次遞增。變化幅度變化幅度Fractionally(微弱地), margin

35、ally(少量地), slightly(輕微地), markedly(顯著地), greatly(非常地), considerably(相當(dāng)?shù)?, substantially(本質(zhì)上地)a little, a bit, rather, somewhat, a lot, a great deal, much, far變化速度變化速度slowly, gradually, gently, quickly, suddenly, sharply, rapidly 46表示平穩(wěn)或趨平的詞和短語主要有: stand/remain/be maintained at remain stable/constant

36、/unchanged hover about (徘徊) hover/stay around level off/out47 E.g. The countrys public debt to GDP ration stood at 14.6 percent-a comparatively low figure by international standards. GDP growth in the first half of this year was 7.9 percent-among the highest in the world-and is forecast to remain at

37、 7.5 percent for the whole year. The provinces export growth rates hovered around 9% throughout 2000. Overall growth in steel demand levered out in the second half of 1999.48 在商務(wù)英語中，用來表示對(duì)比或比較的語言也十分豐富，生動(dòng)。 表示一般性比較和對(duì)比的詞和短語主要有： more/less/higher/lower than more expensive/profitable than compare sth. with sth. run above49 一些具有比較和對(duì)比意義的詞和短語在商務(wù)英語中也十分常見，比如： superior / inferior to senior / junior to prefer sth. To sth. prefer to do than to do would rather do than to50 一些介詞在商務(wù)英語中具有比較和對(duì)比的意義： The stock market this month is 20 points high