英語語言學(xué)試題庫(共16頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英 語 語 言 學(xué) .Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5ANSWER:B2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a w

2、ay of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparativeANSWER:B3.Foreign language learning always contain ( )A language historical process learning B.input and langua

3、ge learningC inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learningANSWER:BCD4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last n

4、ame, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title C title alone D first name+ last name+ titleANSWER:C5.Features of the language in fictions are: ( )A stress and metrical patterning B speech and thought presentation C prose style D analysis of the textANSWER:BC6. Which of the following best s

5、tates the behaviorist view of child language acquisition? ( ) A Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisi

6、tes for language and language useANSWER:A7.Words can be identified in terms of ( )A a minimum free form B stabilityC relative uninterruptibility D variable or notANSWER:ABC8.Which is not the features of language? ( )A arbitrariness B dualityC creativity D replacementANSWER:D9.Approachers to syntax c

7、an be: ( )A the traditional approach B the structural approachC the functional approach D the generative approachANSWER:ABCD10.Predication analysis is a way to analyze( )meaning.A phoneme B word C phrase D sentenceANSWER:D11.Lexical change cannot be a result of ( )A phonological change B semantic ch

8、angeC analogical change D orthographic changeANSWER:C 12.The words that contain only one morpheme are called ( )A bound morphemes B roots C free morphemes D affixesANSWER:B13.( ) is the study of language in relation to the mind.A Psycholinguistics B Sociolinguistics C Linguistics D SemanticsANSWER:A

9、14.Which belongs to the main branches of linguistics? ( )A phonetics B metalingy C morphology D syntax ANSWER:ACD15.Which doesnt belong to the main branches of linguistics? ( )A phonetics B morphology C metalingy D syntax ANSWER:C16.Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of

10、 ( )A the velum B the vocal cords C the glottis D the uvulaANSWER:B17.Sense of “word” contains: ( )A a physically definable unit B the common factor underlying a set of formsC an essential former of sentences D a grammatical unitANSWER:ABD18.Different functional speech varieties known as are expecte

11、d in, say, a church sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast.A registers B styles C dialects D accentsANSWER:A19.Which is not the features of language? ( )A arbitrariness B dualityC creativity D replacementANSWER:D20.We study psycholinguistics because ( )A to know about

12、 psychological reality of linguistic structuresB to help the aphasicsC to produce findings which lead to the modification of theoretical ideasD to make it a new tool for studying psychologyANSWER:AC.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F fo

13、r false in the brackets(2%×10=20%).1.Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.( )ANSWER:T2.Both assimilation and alienation can happen during phonological processes.( )ANSWER:T3.Phone is a phonological unit.( )ANSWER:F4.The division of English into Old English,

14、 Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.( )ANSWER:F5.The first pragmatic theory is Conversational Implicature.( )ANSWER:F6.Father of modern linguistics is Swiss F. de Saussure.( )ANSWER:F7.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being befor

15、e the spoken form.( )ANSWER:F 8.There is merely little difference between data retrieval and information retrieval.( )ANSWER:F9.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.( )ANSWER:T10. There is no difference between data retriev

16、al and information retrieval.( )ANSWER:F11.Language refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome or what we actually utter/write.( )ANSWER:T12.There are some relations between language and culture, language and society, but they are not deserved to spend a lot of time

17、studying.( )ANSWER:F13.Language acquisition is a hot research topic today, and social, cultural, personal factors are also observed to be affecting.( )ANSWER:T14.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same referenc

18、e always have the same sense.( )ANSWER:F15.Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.( )ANSWER:T16.A compound is the combination of two words.( )ANSWER:F17. Both assimilation and alienation can happen during phonological processes.( )ANSWER:T18.Synchronic describes l

19、anguage by analyzing its development through different period of time, while diachronic describes phenomenon of language of a certain period.( )ANSWER:F 19.Language refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome or what we actually utter/write.( )ANSWER:T20.The meaning o

20、f a sentence is always the sum total of the words in that sentence.( )ANSWER:F.Directions: Explain the following terms(3%×5=15%).1. displacementANSWER: Displacement，as one of the design features of the human language，refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present，as easi

21、ly as he does things presently.2.cultural transmissionANSWER: It means that language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation，but that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker.3.categoryANSWER:Category, in some approaches refers to classes and fu

22、nctions in its narrow sense, more specifically, it refers to the defining properties of general units.4.arbitrarinessANSWER: One design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.5.Vowl:ANSWER: Are sound segment

23、s produced without such obstruction,so no turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be perceived.6. lexicon:ANSWER: A list of all the words in a language assigned to various lexical categories and provided with semantic interpretation.7. linguisticsANSWER: Linguistics is the scientific study of

24、language, it studies not just one language of any one society，but the language of all human beings.8.word ANSWER: Word is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.Briefly answer the following questions1.Please

25、 list the 4 design features of languageANSWER:arbitrariness duality creativity displacement2. Why do linguists say language is human specific?ANSWER: First of all，human language has six “design features” which animal communication systems do not have，at least not in the true sense of them.Secondly，l

26、inguists have done a lot trying to teach animals such as chimpanzees to speak a human language but have achieved nothing inspiring.Thirdly，a human child reared among animals cannot speak a human language，not even when he is taken back and taught to lo to so.3.What does phonology study？What is the di

27、fference between phonetics and phonology？ANSWER: Phonology studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.Phonetics is the study of sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas Phonology is the study of a subset of th

28、ose sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order.4.List the seven functions of human languages.ANSWER: Informative function Interpersonal function Performative function Metalingual function Phatic communion function Recreational functionEm

29、otive function.Translation1.In linguistics, it refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language ,or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.ANSWER:在語言學(xué)上,它是指在一種語言中,對指導(dǎo)文字組合進(jìn)而形成句子規(guī)則的研究,或簡言之,是對句子構(gòu)成的研究.2.Computer is an electronic machine that c

30、an be used to manipulate data according to a series of instruction stored in its memory and which can perform complex tasks in a very short time.ANSWER:計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子機(jī)器，它可以根據(jù)存放在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序操控?cái)?shù)據(jù)，并可以在非常短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。3.Speech sounds had existed long before writing was invented, and even today, in some parts of t

31、he world, there are still languages that have no writing systems.ANSWER:語音在書面寫作發(fā)明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然還只是存在語言而沒有書寫系統(tǒng)。4. The fact that over the years numerous dictionaries have been produced with a view to explaining the meaning of words also bears witness to its long tradition.ANSWER:多年以來,無數(shù)的詞典

32、多次提出以期解釋“word”含義的事實(shí),也見證了其悠久的歷史.5.Language is a product of human intelligence, created anew in each individual by operations that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness.ANSWER:語言是人類智慧的產(chǎn)物,通過運(yùn)作被每個(gè)個(gè)體重新建構(gòu),而這種運(yùn)作是遠(yuǎn)非意志或意識(shí)所及的.6.It is hard to define “word” in the scientific sense. Nevertheless, it

33、is agreed that three senses are involved in defining “word”, none of which, of course, is satisfactory to cope with all the situation.ANSWER:很難從科學(xué)意義上定義“單詞”，不過，在定義“單詞”時(shí)，人們普遍認(rèn)同有三個(gè)含義應(yīng)包含其中當(dāng)然，它們中任何一個(gè)都不能單獨(dú)令人滿意地應(yīng)對所有情況。7.It has long been recognized that language is an essential and important part of a given

34、 culture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable.ANSWER:人類早就認(rèn)識(shí)到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不可避免的。8.Meaning has always been a central topic in human scholarship, though the term “semantics” has only a history of a little over a hundred

35、 years.ANSWER:“語義”一直是人類學(xué)問的核心議題,盡管”語義學(xué)”僅有一百年左右的歷史.9.Computer is an electronic machine that can be used to manipulate data according to a series of instruction stored in its memory and which can perform complex tasks in a very short time.ANSWER:計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子機(jī)器，它可以根據(jù)存放在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序操控?cái)?shù)據(jù)，并可以在非常短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。10.It

36、 has long been recognized that language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable.ANSWER:人類早就認(rèn)識(shí)到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不可避免的。.Answer and analyse1、What makes linguistics a scienc

37、e？ANSWER: Since linguistics is the scientific study of language，it ought to base itself upon the systematic，investigation of language data which aims at discovering the true nature of language and its underlying system. To make sense of the data，a linguist usually has conceived some hypotheses about

38、 the language structure，to be checked against the observed or observable facts. In order to make his analysis scientific, a linguist is usually guided by four principles: exhaustiveness，consistency，and objectivity. Exhaustiveness means he should gather all the materials relevant to the study and giv

39、e them an adequate explanation，in spite of the complicatedness. He is to leave no linguistic “stone” unturned; Consistency means there should be no contradiction between different parts of the total statement; Economy means a linguist should pursue brevity in the analysis when it is possible; Objectivity implies that since some people may be subjective in the study，a linguist should be（or sound at least）objective，mat