組織學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯

1、組織學(xué)各章專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯表第1章 緒論Introductionhistology組織學(xué)embryology胚胎學(xué)light microscope光學(xué)顯微鏡electron microscope電子顯微鏡ultrastructure超微結(jié)構(gòu)Paraffin sectioning石蠟切片術(shù)hematoxylin蘇木精eosin伊紅basophil嗜堿性acidophil嗜酸性cell細(xì)胞extrcellular matrix細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)nucleus細(xì)胞核nucleolus核仁cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)neutrophil中性argyrophil嗜銀性electron-dense電子密度高electron-

2、lucent電子密度低histochemistry組織化學(xué)immunohistochemistry免疫組織化學(xué)tissue culture組織培養(yǎng)micrometer微米nanometer納米o(hù)rgan器官system系統(tǒng)第2章 上皮組織Epithelial Tissueepithelium上皮microvillus微絨毛endothelium內(nèi)皮tight junction緊密連接desmosome橋粒plasma membrane infolding質(zhì)膜內(nèi)褶basement membrane基底膜cilium纖毛mesothelium間皮intermediate junction中間連接g

3、ap junction縫隙連接simple squamous epithelium單層扁平上皮simple cuboidal epithelium單層立方上皮simple columnar epithelium單層柱狀上皮Pseudostratified epitheliun假?gòu)?fù)層上皮stratified squamous epithelium復(fù)層扁平上皮transitional epithelium變移上皮第3章 結(jié)締組織Connective Tissueloose connective tissue疏松結(jié)締組織dense connective tissue致密結(jié)締組織adipose tis

4、sue脂肪組織reticular tissue網(wǎng)狀組織fibroblast成纖維細(xì)胞macrophage巨噬細(xì)胞mast cell肥大細(xì)胞plasma cell漿細(xì)胞collagenous fiber膠原纖維elastic fiber彈性纖維reticular fiber網(wǎng)狀纖維tissue fluid組織液ground substance基質(zhì)第4章 血液、淋巴和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生Blood，Lymph and Hemopoiesisboold血液lymph淋巴plasma血漿serum血清e(cuò)rythrocyte紅細(xì)胞Hemoglobin(Hb)血紅蛋白reticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞leucko

5、cyte白細(xì)胞neutrophilic granulocyte, neutrophil中性粒細(xì)胞eosinophilic granulocyte, eosinophil嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞basophilic granulocyte, basophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞monocyte單核細(xì)胞Lymphocyte淋巴細(xì)胞hemopoietic stem cell造血干細(xì)胞blood platelet血小板第五章 軟骨與骨Cartilage and Osseous Tissuecartilage tissue軟骨組織hyaline cartilage透明軟骨fibrous cartilage纖維軟骨elast

6、ic cartilage彈性軟骨chondrocytes軟骨細(xì)胞Isogenous group同源細(xì)胞群cartilage lacuna軟骨陷窩cartilage capsule軟骨囊perichondrium軟骨膜osseous tissue骨組織bone matrix骨基質(zhì)bone lamella骨板osteocyte骨細(xì)胞bone lacuna骨陷窩bone canaliculi骨小管osteoprogenic cell骨祖細(xì)胞osteoblast成骨細(xì)胞osteoclast破骨細(xì)胞osteoid類(lèi)骨質(zhì)spongy bone骨松質(zhì)compact bone骨密質(zhì)circumferentia

7、l lamella環(huán)骨板osteon骨單位interstitial lamella間骨板Osteogenesis骨發(fā)生intramembranous ossification膜內(nèi)成骨endochondral ossification軟骨內(nèi)成骨第6章 肌組織Muscle Tissueskeletal muscle骨骼肌smooth muscle平滑肌cardiac muscle心肌sarcomere肌節(jié)sarcoplasmic reticulum肌漿網(wǎng)intercalated disk閏盤(pán)myofibril肌原纖維cross striation橫紋transverse tubule橫小管term

8、inal cisternae終池triad三聯(lián)體sarcolemma肌膜epimysium肌外膜perimysium肌束膜endomysium肌內(nèi)膜第7章 神經(jīng)組織Nervous Tissuenerve tissue神經(jīng)組織neuron神經(jīng)元dendrite樹(shù)突axon軸突axon hillock軸丘axoplasm軸漿Nissl body尼氏體synapse突觸presynaptic element突觸前成分synaptic cleft突觸間隙postsynaptic element突觸后成分synapse vesicle突觸小泡neuroglia cell神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞astrocyte星形

9、膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞oligodendrocyte少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞microglia小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞Schwann cell施萬(wàn)細(xì)胞satellite cell衛(wèi)星細(xì)胞nerve fiber神經(jīng)纖維neurofibril神經(jīng)原纖維myelin sheath髓鞘nerve ending神經(jīng)末梢sensory nerve ending感覺(jué)神經(jīng)末梢motor end plate運(yùn)動(dòng)終板第8章 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Nervous System nervous system神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)gray matter灰質(zhì)white matter白質(zhì)cortex皮質(zhì)medulla髓質(zhì)ganglion cell節(jié)細(xì)胞blood-brain barrier

10、, BBB血一腦屏障pyramidal cell錐體細(xì)胞cerebellar glomerulus小腦小球cerebrospinal fluid腦脊液spinal cord脊髓cerebellum小腦cerebral cortex大腦皮質(zhì)ganglion神經(jīng)節(jié)第9章眼和耳Eye and Earcornea角膜sclera鞏膜iris虹膜ciliary body睫狀體choroid脈絡(luò)膜retina視網(wǎng)膜pigment epithelium色素上皮rod cell視桿細(xì)胞cone cell視錐細(xì)胞ganglion cell節(jié)細(xì)胞central fovea中央凹papilla of optic n

11、erve視神經(jīng)乳頭semicircular canal半規(guī)管vestibule前庭cochlea耳蝸crista ampullaris壺腹嵴macula utriculi橢圓囊斑macula sacculi球囊斑spiral sacculi螺旋器bipolar cell雙極細(xì)胞第10章 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Circulatory Systemcirculatory system循環(huán)系統(tǒng)tunica intima內(nèi)膜tunica media中膜tunica adventitia外膜endocardium心內(nèi)膜myocardium心肌膜epicardium心外膜elastic membrane彈性膜purki

12、nje fiber浦肯野纖維capillary毛細(xì)血管continuous capillary連續(xù)毛細(xì)血管fenestrated capillary有孔毛細(xì)血管sinusoid血竇elastic artery彈性動(dòng)脈muscular artery肌性動(dòng)脈small artery小動(dòng)脈arteriole微動(dòng)脈vein靜脈第11章 皮膚Skinskin皮膚epidermis表皮dermis真皮hypodermis皮下組織stratum basale基底層stratum spinosum棘層stratum granulosum顆粒層stratum lucidum透明層stratum corneum角

13、化層keratinocyte角蛋白形成細(xì)胞tonofibril張力原纖維melanocyte黑素細(xì)胞melanin黑色素papillary layer乳頭層reticular layer網(wǎng)織層hair毛發(fā)hair shaft毛干hair root毛根hair follicle毛囊hair bulb毛球hair papilla毛乳頭sweat galnd汗腺sebaceous gland皮脂腺第12章免疫系統(tǒng)Immune Systemlymphoid tissue淋巴組織thymus dependent lymphocyte胸腺依賴(lài)淋巴細(xì)胞，T細(xì)胞bone marrow dependent ly

14、mphocyte骨髓依賴(lài)淋巴細(xì)胞，B細(xì)胞nature killer cell自然殺傷細(xì)胞lymphoid nodule淋巴小結(jié)diffuse lymphoid tissue彌散淋巴組織thymus胸腺thymocyte胸腺細(xì)胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小體blood-thymus barrier血-胸腺屏障lymph node淋巴結(jié)trabecula小梁superfacial cortex淺層皮質(zhì)paracortical zone副皮質(zhì)區(qū)lymphoid sinus淋巴竇medullary cord髓索medullary cord髓竇recirculation of lymphocy

15、te淋巴細(xì)胞再循環(huán)spleen脾臟white pulp白髓splenic corpuscle脾小體periarterial lymphatic sheath動(dòng)脈周?chē)馨颓蕀arginal zone邊緣區(qū)red pulp紅髓splenic sinusoid脾竇splenic cord脾索第13章內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)Endocrine Systemhormone激素target cell/ organ靶細(xì)胞/器官thyroid甲狀腺follicle濾泡follicular epithelial cell濾泡上皮細(xì)胞colloid膠質(zhì)Thyroid hormone甲狀腺素（T3，T4）parafollicul

16、ar cell濾泡旁細(xì)胞calcitonin降鈣素adrenal gland腎上腺zona glomerulosa球狀帶zona fasciculata束狀帶zona reticularis網(wǎng)狀帶chromaffin cell嗜鉻細(xì)胞adrenaline腎上腺素noradrenaline去甲腎上腺素pituitary gland腦垂體adenohypophysis腺垂體hypophyseal portal system垂體門(mén)脈系統(tǒng)neurohypophysis神經(jīng)垂體growth hormone, GH生長(zhǎng)激素mammotropin催乳激素Thyrotropin, TSH促甲狀腺激素adren

17、ocorticotropin, ACTH促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizing hormone, LH黃體生成素melanocyte stimulating hormone, MSH黑素細(xì)胞刺激素antidiuretic hormone, ADH抗利尿激素oxytocin催產(chǎn)素第14章 消化管Digestive Systemdigestive system消化系統(tǒng)digestive tract消化管mucosa粘膜lamina propria固有層muscularis mucosa粘膜肌submucosa粘膜下層pli

18、ca皺襞muscularis肌層adventitia外膜fibrosa纖維膜serosa漿膜esophagus食管stomach胃gastric pit胃小凹fundic gland胃底腺chief cell主細(xì)胞parietal cell壁細(xì)胞intestinal villus腸絨毛small intestinal gland小腸腺absorptive cell吸收細(xì)胞goblet cell杯狀細(xì)胞paneth cell潘氏細(xì)胞central lacteal中央乳糜管jejunum空腸ileum回腸duodenum十二指腸duodenal gland十二指腸腺colon結(jié)腸appendix闌

19、尾第15章 消化腺Digestive Glanddigestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺serous alveolus漿液性腺泡mucous alveolus粘液性腺泡mixed alveolus混合性腺泡striated duct紋狀管pancreas胰腺centroacinar cell泡心細(xì)胞pancreas islet胰島hepatic lobule肝小葉central vein中央靜脈hepatic plate/cord肝板/索hepatic sinusoid肝血竇perisinusoidal space竇周隙bile canaliculi膽小管hepa

20、tocyte肝細(xì)胞portal area門(mén)管區(qū)interlobular artery小葉間動(dòng)脈interlobular vein小葉間靜脈interlobular bile duct小葉間膽管第16章 呼吸系統(tǒng)Respiratory Systemtrachea氣管bronchi支氣管small bronchus小支氣管bronchiole細(xì)支氣管pulmonary lobule肺小葉terminal bronchiole終末細(xì)支氣管respiratory bronchiole呼吸性細(xì)支氣管alveolar duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary alveoli肺泡typ

21、e alveolar cell型肺泡細(xì)胞surfactant表面活性物質(zhì)alveolar pore肺泡隔blood-air barrier氣血屏障alveolar macrophage肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞第17章 泌尿系統(tǒng)Urinary Systemurinary system泌尿系統(tǒng)kidney腎renal pyramid腎錐體cortical labyrinth皮質(zhì)迷路medullary ray髓放線(xiàn)uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron腎單位renal corpuscle腎小體glomerulus血管球renal capsule腎小囊podocyte足細(xì)胞slit membr

22、ane裂孔膜filtration barrier濾過(guò)屏障proximal tubule近端小管thin segment細(xì)段distal tubule遠(yuǎn)端小管medullary loop髓袢proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管distal convoluted tubule遠(yuǎn)曲小管collecting tubule集合管juxtaglomerular complex球旁復(fù)合體macula densa致密斑juxtaglomerular cell球旁細(xì)胞extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜細(xì)胞urinary bladder膀胱u(yù)reter輸尿管第18章 男性生殖系統(tǒng)Male R