高考復(fù)習(xí)高中英語(yǔ)五大基本句型

1、英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五大基本句型學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)了解英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五大基本句型。能夠準(zhǔn)確判斷出簡(jiǎn)單句的句型。通過(guò)練習(xí)熟悉五大句型。自學(xué)指導(dǎo)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple Sentences）包含一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子并列句（Compound Sentences）包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but等或用分號(hào)連接復(fù)合句（Complex Sentences）包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)主句和多個(gè)從句的句子，且從句用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns） 英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)有短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其

2、內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五中基本句型。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。1. 主謂句型（主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞）S + Vi. 1.1 Great changes have taken place. 1.2 Weall breathe, eat and drink.1.3 The blind study in special schools.1.4 Fighting broke out between the South and North.1.5 To tell the truth always pays.1.6 What he said does

3、nt matter.以上例句中的斜體部分是句子的_語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主題，是句子所述說(shuō)的主體。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主語(yǔ)的有_, _, _, _, _等等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。以上例句中，我們不難看出，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，這些不及物動(dòng)詞可以是單個(gè)動(dòng)詞也可以是短語(yǔ)，由此，可以歸納出這些例句都屬于_ 句型。此句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，本身能表達(dá)完整的意思，后面不需要跟賓語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)可跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等做狀語(yǔ)。如：He laughted.John has read widely.He lives in London.【練一練】找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)并注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。1）

4、Two days passed.2） The war ended peacefully.3） The girl came in quietly.4） The group of children went there on foot.5） It is blowing.6） Everybody is now studying hard.7） The story spread all over the town.8） The book sells well.9） We live to devote.10） The sun has risen.2. 主謂賓句型（主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)） S +

5、Vt. + O2.1 I like China.2.2 He hates you.2.3 -How many do you need?-I need two.2.4 We should help the old and the poor.2.5 I like working with you.2.6 I hope to see you again.2.7 Did you write down what he said?2.8 Im looking forward to hearing from you.2.9 It took me a while to adapt to the job.2.1

6、0 He looks after his little daughter on Sundays分析以上例句，可以看出斜體部分是句子的_語(yǔ)。句子的賓語(yǔ)可以由_, _, _, _, _, _等充當(dāng)，它表示及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的對(duì)象或內(nèi)容?；蛘哂糜诮樵~后構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞也可以是短語(yǔ)，如例句中的look forward to, look after等。這類句型即_句型。此句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。如：Our team beat all the others.【練一練】翻譯下列句子，并指出句子的主干（主謂賓）1）I ride a

7、bike to school.2）Youd better follow my advice.3）Do you mind my smoking.4）You should practice writing more.5）The room needs painting.6）Do remember to lock the door.3. 主系表句型（主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)） S + Link.V + P3.1 He is a teacher.3.2 The best composition is hers.3.3 Five and five is ten.3.4 He is asleep.3.5

8、His father is thin.3.6 The picture is on the wall.3.7 My watch is gone/lost/missing.3.8 To see is to believe.3.9 The question is whether they will come.以上例句中的斜體部分是句子的_語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，特征或身份。通常由_, _, _, _, _, _等充當(dāng)。以上句型屬于_句型。 此句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞，不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)。本句型中，系動(dòng)詞除了be以外，還可以是： 1). Seve

9、ral players lay flat on the playground. 2). We should remain modestany time. 3). The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. 4). It is getting warmer and warmer. 5). Dont have the food. It has gone bad. 6) The facts prove true. 7). The rose smells sweet. 以上系動(dòng)詞可以分類為：感覺(jué)（feel, look, smell,

10、taste, sound）; 仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）; 變成（become, come, go, get, turn, grow）; 似乎（seem; appear）;證明是（prove, turn out） 【練一練】 在空白處填上合適的系動(dòng)詞使句意完整。1） Failure _the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。2） The flower _ pleasant. 這花聞起來(lái)很香。3） I dont _ well today. 今天我感覺(jué)不舒服。4） Getting up early _ good to ones healt

11、h. 早起對(duì)健康有益。5） I _ angry about it. 我對(duì)此十分生氣。6） _ careful of your health. 小心你的健康。7） Mr. blacks face slowly _ red. 布萊克的臉慢慢變紅了。8） The plan _ very practical. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃聽起來(lái)很實(shí)際。9） His experiment _ to be successful。 他的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明是成功的。4. 主謂雙賓句型（主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)） S + Vt. + Oi + Od4.1 She ordered herselfa new dress.4

12、.2 She cooked her husbanda delicious meal.4.3 He brought youa dictionary.4.4 He denies hernothing.4.5 I showed himmy picture.4.6 I gave my cara wash.4.7 I told him the bus was late.4.8 He showed mehow to run the machine.仔細(xì)觀察以上例句，可以看出，斜體部分是句子的賓語(yǔ)，下劃線部分也是句子的_語(yǔ)，也就是一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)_語(yǔ)。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，斜體部分為“人或者物”，稱為間接賓語(yǔ)；下劃線部

13、分為“物或者事”，稱為直接賓語(yǔ)。這類句型叫做_句型。此句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，其中指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后時(shí)，通常需要介詞for或to?？筛p賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。如： Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this di

14、ctionary to Li Hua.? She ordered a new dress for herself.I showed my picture to him.【練一練】改寫句子，不改變句意。1） He gave me a red rose. = _.2） She made me a beautiful dress. = _.3） He brings cookies to me every day. = _.4） My father bought my sister a personal computer. = _.5） He never lends his car to others

15、. = _.6） Show me your license. = _.7） Can you spare the children some minutes? = _.8） The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners. = _.5. 主謂賓補(bǔ)句型（主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） S + Vt. + O + C5.1 They named the child Jim.5.2 He boiled the egg hard.5.3 He painted the door green.5.4 I found the book very

16、interesting.5.5 We saw him out.5.6 The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take over.5.7 I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我把這個(gè)叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。分析以上句子，可以看出，動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)才能使意思完整，這個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分叫做_語(yǔ)。(斜體部分即賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))，可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有_, _, _, _, _等。這個(gè)句型稱作_句型。此句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后雖然跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，但意思還不完整，必須加上另外一個(gè)成分

17、（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。常用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有：1） 感官動(dòng)詞：see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find, smell2） 使役動(dòng)詞：have, let, make, get3） 表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：consider, think, believe, find, imagine, suppose, prove4） 表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：love, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect5) 動(dòng)詞keep/leave使/讓保持某種狀態(tài)We must keep our school clean

18、.They made him their monitor. 6. 復(fù)雜句式都是由這五種基本句型拓展而成。如果在名詞或代詞前或后面加上詞，短語(yǔ)或者句子來(lái)修飾，那么這些修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞，詞組或句子就是定語(yǔ)。 如：6.1 He is a chemistry teacher.6.2 We belong to the third world.6.3 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6.4 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.6.5 The boys playing footbal

19、l are in Class 2.6.6 You should do everything that I do.6.7 I have an idea to do it well.通過(guò)以上例句可以看出，用作定語(yǔ)的可以是名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，不定式或從句。7. 在英語(yǔ)中，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的成分叫狀語(yǔ)。如：7.1 The girl is improving remarkably.7.2 He ran for shelter.7.3 Because he was ill, Tom lost his job.可以用作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞，分詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)或從句。句

20、子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣句子成分意義及位置充當(dāng)詞類例句主語(yǔ)The Subject表示句子說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.謂語(yǔ)The Predicate說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語(yǔ)后（除疑問(wèn)、倒裝句外）。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。Time tries all thing.(時(shí)間檢驗(yàn)一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree

21、.Her parents are both workers.賓語(yǔ)The Object表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。同主語(yǔ)的充當(dāng)詞類Love me, love my dog. (愛(ài)屋及烏）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表語(yǔ)The Predicate與系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分、說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動(dòng)詞之后。同主語(yǔ)的充當(dāng)詞類His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. (健康

22、就是財(cái)富。）定語(yǔ)The Attribute用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。單個(gè)詞常在修飾的詞前，短語(yǔ)或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患難見(jiàn)真情。）狀語(yǔ)The Attribute修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a

23、 meeting in Shanghai.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The Object Complement賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是“主謂”關(guān)系。在賓語(yǔ)后。由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位語(yǔ)The Appostive重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明名詞及名詞性詞語(yǔ)。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)、從句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)。自主檢測(cè)分析下列句子屬于基本句型的哪一種？1. O

24、ur school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3. All o us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather brought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city. 7. I love you more than her, child. 8. Trees turn gre

25、en when spring comes 9. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 10. They pushed the door open. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of this teaching. 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15.

26、 Dont get nervous. 16. We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt come. That is why he didnt know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練指出下面句子分別屬于哪個(gè)句型I will spend this summ

27、er holiday in the countryside.In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.There, the air is fresh and the water is clean.I can hear birds singing in the green trees.I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake.All this will be interesting and good for my health.So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _2. ( S + V +O ) _3. ( S + V + C ) _4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _5. ( S + V + O + C ) _6