動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)

1、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊, 漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞, 除表示“完成”的動(dòng)作之外, 還表示“被動(dòng)”的意義。如： spoken English (英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ))；iced beer (冰凍啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條);但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示“完成”的動(dòng)作, 而不表示“被動(dòng)”意義。如: boiled water(開(kāi)水); fallen leaves(落葉

2、) ; the risen sun(升起的太陽(yáng))等。(1)前置定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面, 作前置定語(yǔ)。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。(=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虛度的時(shí)光, 無(wú)法挽回。(=time which is lost) (2)后置定語(yǔ) 少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定語(yǔ)。 1. Everything used should be marked所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)

3、該做好標(biāo)記。 2. Among the invited were some ladies被邀請(qǐng)的人中, 有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students剩下的書(shū)是給我的學(xué)生的。 動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面, 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng),可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句;不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(僅限于單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞,且不能后置)則表示完成,可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎? (=that has b

4、een planned for tonight)2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success這次會(huì)議有很多人出席, 開(kāi)得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people)3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work.我們喝了一些開(kāi)水后就繼續(xù)工作。注意: 這里的過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被修飾的詞, 改為定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之一致。 二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成”

5、或“被動(dòng)”之意，而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后, 他顯得很憂慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí), 被深深地感動(dòng)了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法, 他似乎很高興。 常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有:amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(關(guān)閉的)；astonished(吃驚的)；crowded(擁擠的)；experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的); delight

6、ed(高興的)； lost(丟失的)；gone(遺失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(擔(dān)憂的)； interested(感興趣的) tired(疲勞的) pleased(高興的)；satisfied(滿意的)； surprised(吃驚的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等 三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。 She found the door broken in when she

7、came back她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài). They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的客人都走了。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動(dòng)詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1

8、. I must get my bike repaired我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車(chē)。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2. The girl was found beaten black and blue人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) (1)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人

9、說(shuō)他的壞話。They considered the matter settled他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。 (2) 動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 He was trying to make himself understood他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。 “have+賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義： (請(qǐng)人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。 Where did you ha

10、ve your hair cut? 你在哪兒理的發(fā)? 遭遇某種意外情況。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢(qián)包被偷了。 完成某事 (自己也可能參與)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected我把所有的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了1000元。 (3) 動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令

11、等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”這一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。The students wish the TV serial plays continued學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。(4) 過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

12、小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了, 雙手被反綁在后面。 四，過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成，但有些過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表動(dòng)作而表狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）常見(jiàn)的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神貫注于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩)等。如：Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因?yàn)槌两谒伎贾?所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。2. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句，在句中一般能作五種狀語(yǔ)，即時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和方式狀語(yǔ)。如：Caug

13、ht in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。(Caught in a heavy rain 相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。(Grown in rich soil相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句If these seeds are grown in rich soil)注意：當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，才可以把從句的主語(yǔ)省略，且省略掉的主語(yǔ)與其

14、邏輯謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或如第一段中所講的表示狀態(tài)。把狀語(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等連詞)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didnt lose heart.盡管這些球員被對(duì)方球隊(duì)打敗了，但他們并沒(méi)有灰心。練一練 I. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并與A-D

15、的漢語(yǔ)翻譯相匹配。impress; pour; speak 1. Once _, a word becomes a promise.2. Once _, water cannot be taken back again.3. _ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.A. 覆水難收 B. 流連忘返 C. 一言既出，駟馬難追II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player.3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.III. 將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。 1. 由于被媽媽所說(shuō)的話所感動(dòng)，我忍不住哭了起來(lái)。2. 如果給我們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我們將給大家一個(gè)非常好的表演。3. 當(dāng)問(wèn)到他出生在哪里時(shí)，約翰說(shuō)他是紐約人。Key: I. 1