虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解

1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Mood虛虛 擬擬 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 氣氣一：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法.條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,是與是與事實(shí)相符的。事實(shí)相符的。非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的， 與事實(shí)相反的情況。與事實(shí)相反的情況。If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bi

2、rd, I would fly to America. 動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)間時(shí)間從句從句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的的過(guò)去式一般用過(guò)去式一般用were）would should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形could might 與與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞would should have+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞could might與與將來(lái)事實(shí)將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反可能相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形were to動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形would should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形could mightI would buy a

3、n expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .had hadwould have gone過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If he_ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had Mark: 100 I _ a party for

4、 you . should get If you_gotWere to get a full mark next time,將來(lái)時(shí)相反將來(lái)時(shí)相反would hold If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反要是你早來(lái)幾分鐘的話，你就能見(jiàn)到他了要是你早來(lái)幾分鐘的話，你就能見(jiàn)到他了。I

5、f you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.明天要是天氣好的話，我來(lái)看你明天要是天氣好的話，我來(lái)看你。If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I were you, I would go at once. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反PRACTICE 1PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (

6、take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.werewould takebrokewould happenwere notcould bewerewould askPRACTICE

7、2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in theexam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier,you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughthad metwould have gonePRACTICE 3:

8、 Fill in the blanksa. If there (be) no natural resource any more,we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you_(get up) too late tomorrow?should bewould makewould happen should get up注意1.省略省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句當(dāng)從句中有當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或或 should 時(shí)，可省略時(shí)，可省略if ，而把它們放在而把它們放在句首句首,再將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)再將句子的主

9、語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)行行全部倒裝或部分倒裝全部倒裝或部分倒裝。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experimentHad he worked harder, he would have passed the final examinations. 1. _ it rain tomorr

10、ow, we would have to put off the visit.A. Were B Should C Would D.Will2. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A.Would she leave B. If she leaves C. Were she to leave D. If she had left14. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get thro

11、ugh D. could get through2 由由介詞介詞或或介詞介詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)有常見(jiàn)的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)有without(沒(méi)有沒(méi)有) , but for(要不是要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today .= If there were no electricity , Without his advice ,I couldnt have done it all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his a

12、dvice , But for your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for your help ,But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the meeting ,二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句中1.Wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：未來(lái)未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)（過(guò)去時(shí)（were）過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)would/could/migh

13、t+V. 1.I wish I were a bird2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I

14、wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow. 2動(dòng)詞wish的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式一樣，即：現(xiàn)在使用過(guò)去；過(guò)去使用過(guò)去完成；將來(lái)使用過(guò)去將來(lái)（不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如何）。 I do wish that I could help you. I wish I had known the answer to the question.高考例題高考例題 11） (2002年上海春招年上海春招) How I wish every family _ a large house with a beau

15、tiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 答案答案: B 12） (1988年高考年高考) I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did seen C. had seen D. were to see 答案答案: C2.在表示建議，要求，命令的詞在表示建議，要求，命令的詞“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中：后的賓語(yǔ)從句中： “(should) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”e.g. I suggest th

16、at we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.(一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist ，兩個(gè)命令，兩個(gè)命令order, command ，三個(gè)建議，三個(gè)建議advise, suggest, propose四個(gè)要求四個(gè)要求demand , require, request, desire)注：以上動(dòng)詞的名詞形式用于同位語(yǔ)從句中，注：以上動(dòng)詞的名詞形式用于同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的動(dòng)詞也是用從句中的動(dòng)詞也是用“(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”注意：注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗

17、示、表明暗示、表明“講時(shí)，講時(shí)，insist 表示表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)氣。Eg : The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 三用語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句三用語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /demand 等等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中名

18、詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用要用“should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略可以省略Eg : My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. 考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try

19、 We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be

20、sent3. Would rather that寧愿寧愿現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) would prefer , 表示一種表示一種希望希望和和委婉委婉的責(zé)備。的責(zé)備。Eg : I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week . 我寧愿下周他不要在這待的太久。我寧愿下周他不要在這待的太久。四四 .用于主語(yǔ)從

21、句中用于主語(yǔ)從句中 1.It is necessaryimportant strangenatural impossible / surprising + that 從句。從句。從句從句中的中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用should+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略。Eg :It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she （should ）ref

22、use to come to the party. 2. It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that從句從句從句從句中的中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用should+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.3. It is a pitya shameno wonder + t

23、hat 從句從句從句從句中的中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用should+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原原形形，should 可以省略可以省略省略省略 eg : It is a pity that he should be so careless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心真可惜他竟然如此粗心考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had

24、told D. has told五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中1.It is (high / about ) time that“到做到做-的時(shí)間了的時(shí)間了.”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略過(guò)去時(shí)should +V原.我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 2.If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句“要是該有多好啊要是該有多好啊”用法與用法與wish 相同相同Eg : If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen th

25、e film yesterday! “好象好象”3. as if /though + Clause 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去式用過(guò)去式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去完成式過(guò)去完成式Would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形1) as if /as though連接表語(yǔ)從句連接表語(yǔ)從句 He talks as if he knew where she was . He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2) as if / as though連接狀語(yǔ)從連接狀語(yǔ)從 句句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.He speaks to us as if he had been there. 注意：如果表示的事情注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那，那么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣。Eg : It looks as if you are tired.4.在在In ca