國際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語講義114章全

1、2010年國際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語第一章講義一. 了解貨運(yùn)代理最初的職責(zé)1-1 課文：Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc這句話是比較長，一句一段，核心句子：.a fre

2、ight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks.注釋：freight forwarder 貨運(yùn)代理人commission agent 委托代理人on behalf of 代表.routine tasks 日常工作loading/unloading of goods 裝載/卸載貨物storage of goods 貨物存放，貨物存儲這句話大致意思是：最開始，貨運(yùn)代理是進(jìn)出口商的委托代理人，替進(jìn)出口商做一些常規(guī)事務(wù)，比如裝載/卸載貨物，貨物的存儲，安排

3、地方運(yùn)輸.1-2 課文：However, the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.核心句子：.A and B enlarged the scope of his services.A 是指 ：expansion of international trade 國際貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)大B 是指 ：development of different

4、modes of transport 不同運(yùn)輸方式的發(fā)展注釋：Over the years that followed 在隨后的幾年里;international trade: 國際貿(mào)易modes of transport: 運(yùn)輸方式這句話大致意思是：在以后的幾年里，國際貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)大和不同運(yùn)輸方式的發(fā)展加大了貨運(yùn)代理的服務(wù)范圍。1-3 課文：Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport. 注釋：Play an important role : 扮演重要的角色(引申為：

5、起著重要的作用)International trade and transport 國際貿(mào)易和運(yùn)輸這句話大致意思是：現(xiàn)在，貨運(yùn)代理人在國際貿(mào)易和運(yùn)輸中起著重要的作用。1-4 課文：The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportat

6、ion and distribution process.核心句子：The services. may often range from .to.注釋：render: 在這里的意思是“提供”，= offer, providerange : 在. 范圍內(nèi)變化，后面常跟 from .to.booking of space 訂艙a comprehensive package of services: 全面的一攬子服務(wù)cover : 包括，涉及 = includetransportation and distribution: 運(yùn)輸和分發(fā)這句話大致意思是：貨運(yùn)代理提供的服務(wù)通常可能從日?；A(chǔ)的工作比如

7、艙位的預(yù)定，清關(guān)等，到全面的一攬子服務(wù)包括整個(gè)貨物的運(yùn)輸和分發(fā)派送過程。二.重點(diǎn)掌握貨運(yùn)代理人分別代表發(fā)貨人和收貨人所要做的工作。2-1 課文：Unless the consignor, the person sending goods, or the consignee, the person receiving the goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes o

8、n his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.核心句子：Unless the consignor or consignee wants to attend to.himself, it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods.注釋：consignor: 發(fā)貨人consignee: 收貨人attend to: 關(guān)注 = pay attention toprocedural a

9、nd documentary formalities: 程序和單證上的手續(xù)undertake to do sth. 承擔(dān)去做某事，承諾做某事process: 在這里為動詞，處理，處置involve: 包含，含有，涉及movement: 移動，動向 ( 在這里引申為“運(yùn)輸”)這句話大致意思是：如果發(fā)貨人或者收貨人不想親自去辦理那些繁瑣的手續(xù)的話，貨運(yùn)代理人將代表他們?nèi)ヌ幚碡浳镞\(yùn)輸中所涉及的各個(gè)步驟。2-2 課文：The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors or other

10、 agencies employed by him.核心句子：The freight forwarder provide these services.這句話的大致意思是：貨運(yùn)代理人可以直接或者通過次承包商或者另外雇用代理來提供這些服務(wù)。2-3 On Behalf of the Consignor ( Exporter ) 貨運(yùn)代理人代表發(fā)貨人(出口商)所要做的工作(考試重點(diǎn))1.Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 挑選運(yùn)輸線路，運(yùn)輸方式和合適的承運(yùn)人。注釋：mode of transport: 運(yùn)輸方式 ;

11、carrier: 承運(yùn)人2.Book space with the selected carrier. 跟選定的承運(yùn)人訂艙。3.Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders Certificate of Transport, etc. 接收貨物，并簽發(fā)貨運(yùn)代理人收貨證明書和貨運(yùn)代理人運(yùn)輸證明書。注釋：Forwarders Certificate of Receipt 貨運(yùn)代理人收貨證明書(是代理人收到貨物的

12、憑證);Forwarders Certificate of Transport 貨運(yùn)代理人運(yùn)輸證明書(是證明代理人具備運(yùn)輸能力的憑證); issue: 發(fā)行，發(fā)布(在這里譯為“簽發(fā)”)4.Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also

13、 prepare all the necessary documents. 研究適用于貨物出口國家和進(jìn)口國家，以及中轉(zhuǎn)國家運(yùn)輸?shù)男庞米C條款和所有政府規(guī)定，并準(zhǔn)備所有必須的單證文件。注釋：letter of credit : 信用證 applicable to .: 適用于.; as well as: 也，又，以及;transit country: 中轉(zhuǎn)國5.Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations

14、, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.貨物的包裝，( 在貨物包裝時(shí)) 要考慮運(yùn)輸路線，運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞?，貨物的特性，如果有的話還要考慮出口國，中轉(zhuǎn)國和目的地國家適用的規(guī)定。注釋：pack the goods 貨物包裝/打包; take into account: 考慮; the nature of the goods: 貨物的特性; if any: 如果有的話。2010年國際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語第二章講義6.Arrange warehousing of the goods, if

15、necessary. 如果有必要的話，要安排貨物的倉儲注釋：warehousing of the goods: 貨物的倉儲;if necessary: 如果有必要的話7.Weigh and measure the goods. 測定貨物的重量和尺寸。8.Draw the consignors attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor. 提醒發(fā)貨人注意是否需要貨物保險(xiǎn)，如果發(fā)貨人需要投保，則需安排貨物的保險(xiǎn)。注釋：draw one

16、s attention to.: 引起某人注意. ( 相當(dāng)于“提醒某人注意.”);9.Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier. 將貨物運(yùn)往港口，安排貨物的清關(guān)，辦理相關(guān)的單證上的手續(xù)并將貨物交付給承運(yùn)人。注釋：customs clearance: 海關(guān)清關(guān);deliver the goods: 交付貨物 documentation: 文件，單證10.Attend to

17、 foreign exchange transactions, if any. 關(guān)注外匯交易注釋：foreign exchange transaction: 外匯交易11.Pay fees and other charges including freight. 支付手續(xù)費(fèi)和其他包括運(yùn)費(fèi)在內(nèi)的費(fèi)用注釋：fee : (偏向于手續(xù)費(fèi)方面的)費(fèi)用; charge: (偏向于因服務(wù)而索取的)費(fèi)用; freight: 運(yùn)費(fèi)。12.Obtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor

18、. 從承運(yùn)人那里獲得簽發(fā)的提單并將提單轉(zhuǎn)讓給發(fā)貨人注釋：bill of lading:提單13. Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary. 如果有必要的話，安排貨物在途中的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。注釋：transshipment: 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn);en route: = on the way 途中的14. Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders agents abroad. 通過聯(lián)系承

19、運(yùn)人和海外的貨運(yùn)代理，監(jiān)控貨物的運(yùn)輸直至貨物交付給收貨人。注釋：all the way: 由始至終15. Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods. 記錄貨物的貨損貨失16. Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them. 如果貨物有損失，需要幫助發(fā)貨人向承運(yùn)人就貨物的損失提出賠償。注釋：assist sb. in doing sth.: 幫助某人做某事;pursue/

20、make claim against sb. for sth.: 就.向某人提出賠償。2-4 On Behalf of the Consignee(Importer) 貨運(yùn)代理人代表收貨人(進(jìn)口商)所要做的工作(考試重點(diǎn))1.Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo. 當(dāng)收貨人支付運(yùn)費(fèi)時(shí)，即由收貨人負(fù)責(zé)貨物運(yùn)輸，貨運(yùn)代理人應(yīng)替收貨人監(jiān)控貨物的運(yùn)輸。注釋：control freight: 支付運(yùn)費(fèi)2. Receiv

21、e and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods. 接受并審查所有與貨物運(yùn)輸有關(guān)的單證。注釋：relating to: 與.有關(guān)3. Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight costs. 從承運(yùn)人手中接收貨物，如需要還要支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)。注釋：take delivery of 接收，收到(與delivery詞義相反); freight cost: 運(yùn)費(fèi)4. Arrange customs

22、clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities. 安排貨物的清關(guān)，并向海關(guān)和政府當(dāng)局支付關(guān)稅，手續(xù)費(fèi)及其他服務(wù)費(fèi)用。注釋：duty: 稅，稅收;public authority: 政府當(dāng)局5. Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary. 如需要，安排中轉(zhuǎn)倉庫。6. Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee. 將清關(guān)后的貨物交付給收貨人。注釋：cleared goods: 清

23、關(guān)后的貨物(根據(jù)前文 arrange customs clearance, 所以這里的意思是辦理完清關(guān)手續(xù)的貨物)7. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.如果有必要的話，幫助收貨人向承運(yùn)人就貨物的丟失或者任何損害提出賠償。8. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution. 如果

24、需要，幫助收貨人安排貨物存入倉庫和分發(fā)。三、歷年考試題分析1.The following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the exporter.A. book space B. pack the goods C. export customs clearance D. import customs clearance.(2004年多選題)答案：ABC分析：A.book space: 參考課文中貨運(yùn)代理人代表處出口商的第二個(gè)職責(zé)，book space with selected carrier; B.pack the

25、goods: 參考課文中貨運(yùn)代理人代表出口商的第五個(gè)職責(zé)：Pack the goods, and take into account the route.; C. export customs clearance: 參考課文中貨運(yùn)代理人代表出口商的第九個(gè)職責(zé)：Transport the goods to port and arrange for customs clearance.; D. import customs. 這個(gè)是屬于代表進(jìn)口商的職責(zé)2. When the forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, he should cons

26、ider the .(2004年多選題)A. mode of transport B. nature of the goods C. quantity of the goods D. quality of the goods答案：AB分析：參考課文中貨運(yùn)代理人代表出口商的第5個(gè)職責(zé)，C和D都不屬于這個(gè)范圍。3. The scope of freight forwarders service on behalf of consignors includes . (2005年單選題)A. booking space with consigneeB. paying the freight to th

27、e insurerC. arranging import customs clearanceD. booking space with carrier答案：D.分析：A和B課文中都未提到過。C. 是屬于貨運(yùn)代理人代表進(jìn)口商的職責(zé)。D. booking space with carrier. 正確，參考課文貨運(yùn)代理人代表出口商的第2個(gè)職責(zé)。4.The freight forwarder takes delivery of the goods from the carrier and issues the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt. ( ) ( 2005年

28、判斷題)答案：錯(cuò)分析：從課文中貨運(yùn)代理人代表出口商的第3個(gè)職責(zé)來看，take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as ., 結(jié)合上下文看，這里應(yīng)該是從發(fā)貨人/出口商那里接收到貨物并簽發(fā)貨運(yùn)代理人收貨證明書，而不是carrier(承運(yùn)人)。5.Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the consignee . (2005年多選題)A. Taking delivery of the goods from t

29、he carrierB. Packing the goods for exportC. Arranging export customs clearanceD. Arranging import customs clearance答案：A.D.分析：B和C都是屬于貨運(yùn)代理人代表出口商的職責(zé)。課后練習(xí)：一、不定向選擇題(答案可能只有一個(gè)，或者多個(gè))1.A consignor refers to the person who goods.A. receives B. attends to C. sends D.takes delivery of答案：C2. It is usually the wh

30、o issues relevant documents such as the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders Certificate of Transport, etc.A. consignor B. consignee C. freight forwarder D. carrier答案：C3. Foreign exchange transactions, if any, are usually attended by the as well.A. commission agent B. exporter C. import

31、er D. freight forwarder答案：D4. A freight forwarder originally was a(n) performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks.A. importer B. exporter C. shipper D. commission agent答案：D5. A freight forwarder shall take into account the route, the mode of transport and applicable regulations, if a

32、ny, in theA. country of export B. country of destination C. country of transshipment D. transit countries答案：ABD6. A freight forwarder, on behalf of the exporter, is expected toA. take delivery of the goodsB. pay the freight costsC.arrange transit warehousingD.arrange customs clearance答案：ABCD7.Which

33、of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the import .A. Monitor the movement of goodsB. check the relevant documentsC. Arrange import customs clearanceD. Weigh and measure the goods.答案：ABC8. If there is damage of goods during shipment, the freight forwarder will on behal

34、f of exporter.A. Note damagesB. Pay fees to insurerC. Assist exporter in pursuing claims.D. Arrange for the insurance of goods.答案：AC二、判斷題1.When freight forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, should take into account the quality of goods. ( )答案：錯(cuò)2.If necessary, the freight forwarder should p

35、ay the fees and other charges including freight for exporter. ( )答案：對3. The freight forwarder will issue “Forwarders Certificate of Receipt” when he take delivery of the goods from exporter. ( )答案：對4. The freight forwarder can not employ other agency to provide services both for exporter and importe

36、r. ( )答案：錯(cuò)5. The freight forwarder would prepare all necessary documents for exporter if necessary. ( )答案：對三、英漢互譯：1)transit country 2) trade terms 3) general cargo 4) special cargoes 5) the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt 6) the Forwarders Certificate of Transport 7) trade contract 8) relevant doc

37、uments 9) take delivery of the goods 10) mode of transport答案： 1)轉(zhuǎn)口國 2)貿(mào)易條款 3)雜貨 4)特殊貿(mào)易 5)貨運(yùn)代理收貨證書 6)貨運(yùn)代理運(yùn)輸證 7)貿(mào)易合同 8)相關(guān)單據(jù) 9)提貨 10)運(yùn)輸方式1)貨運(yùn)代理人 2)外匯 3)信用證 4) 清關(guān) 5)委托代理人 6)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)國 7)貨物的運(yùn)輸 8)艙位 9)提單 10)國際貿(mào)易答案：1) freight forwarder 2) foreign exchange 3) letter of credit 4) customs clearance 5) commission age

38、nt 6) country of transshipment 7) movements of goods 8) shipping space 9) bill of lading10) International Trade2010年國際貨運(yùn)代理貨代英語第三章講義一、國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的由來1-1 課文：In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 19

39、36 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 2000”.核心句：to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules.注釋：In order to: 為了.Commonly: 一般的，通常的，普遍的 = generally, usuallyInterpretation : 解釋，說明T

40、rade terms: 貿(mào)易術(shù)語 (另外：比如 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 trade contract 貿(mào)易合同 等)ICC:全稱：International Chamber of Commerce.國際商會。Incoterms: 全稱：International Commercial Terms 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則Be known as: 統(tǒng)稱為.，以.著稱這句話大致的意思是：為了給國際貿(mào)易中普遍使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語提供一套解釋的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，國際商會與1936年發(fā)布了一套用于詮釋這些貿(mào)易術(shù)語的國際規(guī)則，統(tǒng)稱為“國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000”。1-2 課文：Later amendme

41、nts and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.注釋：Later : 稍候，隨后 (另外latest: 最近的，最新的)Amendment: 修改，修正(尤指對規(guī)則，法律，聲明等條款的修正，修訂，修改)Addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內(nèi)容)In line with: 與.一致，與.相同 (相反的是：out of line with)Current: 現(xiàn)今的，當(dāng)代的，時(shí)下的Trade practices: 國際貿(mào)易慣例，

42、國際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐這句話大致意思是：以后又對此通則作了修改和補(bǔ)充，以便使這些規(guī)則適應(yīng)當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, a

43、nd other obligations.注釋：Edition: ( 書籍，書刊等的)版本，版次。Specify: 具體說明，詳細(xì)說明，規(guī)定(名詞：specification: 說明書)Whether.or.: 是.還是.Be responsible for: 負(fù)責(zé).，承擔(dān).責(zé)任Necessity: 必須，需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)Export license: 出口許可證Inspection: 檢驗(yàn) (商品檢驗(yàn)：commodity inspection)Obligation: 職責(zé)，義務(wù)后一句話我們可以換成這樣一句來理解：Each term specifies the traders

44、 must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿(mào)易商必須承擔(dān)(bear)各自相關(guān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。這段話大致的意思是：最新的版本是“國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000”，它包含了13個(gè)不同的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語。每一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語都明確規(guī)定由誰來辦理出口許可證，出口清關(guān)，商品檢驗(yàn)及其他義務(wù)。1-4 They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific

45、activities.注釋：They = 13 trade termsPoint: 在這里是一個(gè)抽象的概念，指“在空間或者時(shí)間真實(shí)的或想象當(dāng)中的某一點(diǎn)”例如：at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻，在此地)Risk: 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Activity: 活動，行為(復(fù)數(shù)形式尤指“所作的事務(wù)，待做的工作”)這句話我們理解為：The 13 trade terms specify the transfer of risks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移)and division of costs.(費(fèi)用的劃分)這句話大致的意思是：這13個(gè)術(shù)語還明確了丟失及/或損壞的

46、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪一點(diǎn)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方，以及哪方面承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用。1-5 A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.注釋：Conduct: 管理，經(jīng)營，處理=manage, controlPurchase:購買 = buyMutual: 相互的，彼此的(have a mutual understanding: 對

47、于.達(dá)到共識)Therefore: 因此，為此這句話的大致意思是：買方和賣方如果采用通則中的一個(gè)術(shù)語做貿(mào)易的話，就會清楚雙方各自的權(quán)利、需支付的費(fèi)用以及各自的義務(wù)。二、六個(gè)主要的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(其中傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語有三個(gè)：FOB,CFR,CIF;在傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上新發(fā)展的貿(mào)易術(shù)語有三個(gè)：FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考試重點(diǎn))2-1 傳統(tǒng)的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語FOB Free On Board (.named port of shipment) 船上交貨(指定裝運(yùn)港)定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail at t

48、he named part of shipment. 指當(dāng)貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。注釋：pass: 越過，通過;ships rail: 船舷;named:指定的這個(gè)術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即買方在貨物越過船舷之后承擔(dān)所有的費(fèi)用，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失。2. FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即FOB條款要求由賣方辦理貨

49、物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。3. FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.即FOB條款只適用于海運(yùn)或者是內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。注釋：inland waterway transport: 內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸CFR - Cost and Freight (. named port of destination) 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.指當(dāng)貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過

50、船舷，賣方即完成交貨。這個(gè)術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的港所需要的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。(與FOB的區(qū)別)2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, a

51、re transferred from the seller to the buyer.但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費(fèi)用，即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分與FOB不一樣的。是在目的港船舷。)注釋：occur:(事件等)發(fā)生;events: 事件 transfer: 轉(zhuǎn)移3. CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB)4. CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway trans

52、port.即CFR只適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)陸水路運(yùn)輸(同F(xiàn)OB)CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (.named port of destination) 成本，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)定義:means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.即當(dāng)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷之后，賣方即完成交貨義務(wù)。這個(gè)術(shù)語我們應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bri

53、ng the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的港所需要的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。(同CFR)2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費(fèi)用，即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方

54、。(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分與CFR 是一樣的)3. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是，在CIF條件下，賣方還需要辦理買方貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)。因此，由賣方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同并且支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用(不同于F

55、OB和CFR,)注釋：procure: (尤指用心或者費(fèi)力)獲得，取得，在這里我們引申為“辦理”;against:反對，對于 carriage: 運(yùn)費(fèi)，運(yùn)輸(在這里指的是“運(yùn)輸”);consequently: 因此，所以;contract:在這里是動詞的用法，意為：簽約，訂立合同(常與with 和for連用); insurance premium: 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)4. CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB和CFR)2-2 在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易術(shù)語基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語FCA-Fre

56、e Carrier (.named place) 貨交承運(yùn)人(指定地點(diǎn))定義：means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點(diǎn)交給由買方制定的承運(yùn)人，并辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)，即完成交貨。注釋：nominated:指定的，指派的這一術(shù)語應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. Seller should clear the goods for export.賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。2. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading t