基于單片機的壓力檢測與報警系統(tǒng)開題報告

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）材料之二（2）本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告題目：基于單片機的壓力檢測與報警系統(tǒng) 課 題 類 型： 學(xué) 生 姓 名： 學(xué) 號： 專 業(yè) 班 級： 學(xué) 院： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 開 題 時 間： 201 年 月 日一本課題的研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢（文獻綜述）1.課題的研究意義壓力是過程控制系統(tǒng)中的重要參數(shù)之一，壓力的檢測和控制是使生產(chǎn)順利進行和設(shè)備安全工作的必要條件。實現(xiàn)智能化壓力測量系統(tǒng)對工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程的控制具有非常重要的意義。在生產(chǎn)過程控制系統(tǒng)中，被控對象參數(shù)檢測的精確與否將直接影響一個生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟利益。因此研究一個能精確測量的智能壓力檢測系統(tǒng)很有意義。2.研究現(xiàn)狀隨著世界

2、進入信息化時代，自動化、信息化成為世界各國發(fā)展重要方向之一。傳感器作為自動化和信息系統(tǒng)的前端器件，是制造業(yè)自動化和信息化的基礎(chǔ)；現(xiàn)代傳感器技術(shù)集約了多種學(xué)科的尖端成果、是國際上發(fā)展最迅速的高新技術(shù)之一；是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)改造和升級的“功效倍增器”，成為衡量一個國家科技發(fā)展的重要指標。單片機是完全按嵌入式系統(tǒng)要求設(shè)計的單芯片形態(tài)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)，它廣泛應(yīng)用在中、小型工控領(lǐng)域，是電子系統(tǒng)智能化的最重要的工具。壓力傳感器也從傳統(tǒng)類型向集成化、微型化、多功能發(fā)展，且隨著材料行業(yè)對傳感器敏感材料進一步的開發(fā)，傳感器新敏感材料不斷推出，高新材料已廣泛用于新型傳感器制造研發(fā)中，如光纖傳感器，光纖傳感器等等。利用壓力

3、檢測傳感器將需要測量的位置的壓力信號轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號，再經(jīng)過運算放大器進行信號放大，送至A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器，然后將模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)化為單片機可以識別的數(shù)字信號，再經(jīng)單片機轉(zhuǎn)換成顯示器可以識別的信息，最后顯示輸出并判斷是否超過警戒線。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，為了高效、安全生產(chǎn)，必須有效控制生產(chǎn)過程中的諸如壓力、流量、溫度等主要參數(shù)。由于壓力控制在生產(chǎn)過程中起著決定性的安全作用，因此有必要準確測量壓力。3.發(fā)展趨勢隨著微型計算機的發(fā)展，他的應(yīng)用在人們的工作和日常生活中越來越普遍。工業(yè)過程控制是計算機的一個重要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。其中由單片機構(gòu)成的嵌入式系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)越來越受到人們的關(guān)注?，F(xiàn)在可以毫不夸張的說，沒有微型計算機的儀器不能稱為先

4、進的儀器，沒有微型計算機的控制系統(tǒng)不能稱其為現(xiàn)代控制系統(tǒng)的時代已經(jīng)到來。而壓力的檢測或控制是保證生產(chǎn)和設(shè)備安全運行必不可少的條件，壓力檢測與報警有常重要的意義?；趩纹瑱C的壓力檢測系統(tǒng)符合市場需求，發(fā)展趨勢，有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。二主要設(shè)計（研究）內(nèi)容本次設(shè)計是以單片機組成的壓力測量，系統(tǒng)中必須有前向通道作為電信號的輸入通道，用來采集輸入信息。壓力的測量，需要傳感器，利用傳感器將壓力轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號后，再經(jīng)放大并經(jīng)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字量后才能由計算機進行有效處理。然后用LED進行顯示，并判斷是否超過警戒壓力，鍵盤則是用來設(shè)定警戒壓力大小的。顯示AT89C51單片機A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器傳感器壓力報警鍵盤三研究方案

5、及工作計劃1.選擇合適的單片機準型89系列單片機是與MCS-51系列單片機兼容的。在內(nèi)部含有4KB或8KB可重復(fù)編程的Flash存儲器，可進行1000次擦寫操作。全靜態(tài)工作為033MHz，有3級程序存儲器加密鎖定，內(nèi)含有128256字節(jié)的RAM、32條可編程的I/O端口、23個16位定時器/計數(shù)器，68級中斷，此外有通用串行接口、低電壓空閑模式及掉電模式。AT89C51相當于將8051中的4KB ROM換成相應(yīng)數(shù)量的Flash存儲器，其余結(jié)構(gòu)、供電電壓、引腳數(shù)量及封裝均相同，使用時可直接替換。2.規(guī)劃高效的軟件流程圖壓力傳感器將輸出的模擬信號輸送給ADC0804單片機來控制ADC0804的工作

6、狀態(tài)，使傳感器輸出的模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字信號進而輸送給單片機，單片機接收到信號后對該信號進行處理再輸送到顯示數(shù)碼管端，從而顯示壓力值，該壓力值同時還與按鍵設(shè)置的壓力上限值進行比較，若超過壓力上限值則進行報警。開 始初 始 化設(shè)置鍵是否按下 N設(shè)置報警上限Y設(shè)置是否按下顯示當前壓力值是否大于警戒線YN報 警結(jié) 束3.工作計劃時間周次內(nèi)容進程02.0303.011收集相關(guān)資料，學(xué)習(xí)必要知識，擬定設(shè)計方案03.0203.082擬定設(shè)計方案、方案比較；撰寫開題報告03.0903.153提交畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告03.1603.224方案設(shè)計細化，設(shè)計框架完全完成03.2303.295硬件電路設(shè)計03

7、.3004.056硬件電路設(shè)計04.0604.127軟件程序設(shè)計，參加開題答辯04.1304.198軟件程序設(shè)計04.2004.269軟硬件調(diào)試，Proteus仿真，軟硬件設(shè)計改進04.2705.0310完成軟硬件設(shè)計05.0405.1011PCB板繪制及制作05.1105.1712PCB焊接及調(diào)試完成05.1805.2413撰寫論文05.2505.3114檢查修訂完成的論文，總結(jié)為答辯做準備。五參考文獻1宏晶科技，STC89C52RC單片機器件手冊M，2DALLAS SemiconductInc.DS1302 DataSheetM,3陳桂友.單片機微型計算機原理及接口技術(shù)M.北京：高等教育出

8、版社，20124王守中，聶元銘.51單片機開發(fā)入門與典型例題M.北京：人民郵電出版社，20095趙青格.單片機和液晶顯示模塊接口驅(qū)動設(shè)計J.數(shù)字技術(shù)與應(yīng)用。 6王力,趙慶玲. 基于AT89S51和USB接口的實時數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計J. 電子工程師. 2006(11)7談宏華,陳康,涂坦,肖仁偉. 基于AT89C51的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計J. 機電一體化. 2005(06)8歐陽林群. 基于多傳感器信息融合技術(shù)的防盜報警系統(tǒng)研究J. 武夷學(xué)院學(xué)報. 2008(02)9 曹丙霞. Protel99SE原理圖與PCB設(shè)計J 電子工業(yè)出版社，2000 10 張婧武,周靈彬.單片機系統(tǒng)的PROTEUS設(shè)計與仿

9、真J.北京: 電工出版社,2007.4 英文原文（來自百度文庫）DescriptionThe AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes RAM. The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is comp

10、atible with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The chip combines a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.Features: Com

11、patible with MCS-51 Products 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-Level Program Memory Lock 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters Six Interrupt Sources Programmable Se

12、rial Channel Low Power Idle and Power Down ModesThe AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In ad

13、dition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power Down Mode saves the

14、RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.Pin Description:VCC Supply voltage.GND Ground.Port 0Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When is are written to port 0 pins,

15、 the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code

16、bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullu

17、ps and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with interna

18、l pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port

19、 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses

20、(MOVX RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/sour

21、ce four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while

22、the oscillator is running resets the device.ALE/PROGAddress Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the

23、 oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX

24、 or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN

25、 is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. N

26、ote, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage(VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP.XTAL1Input to the inve

27、rting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.描述AT89C51是美國ATMEL公司生產(chǎn)的低電壓，高性能CMOS8位單片機，片內(nèi)含4Kbytes的快速可擦寫的只讀程序存儲器（PEROM）和128bytes的隨機存取數(shù)據(jù)存儲器（RAM），器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存儲技術(shù)生產(chǎn)，兼容標準MCS-51產(chǎn)品指令系統(tǒng)，片內(nèi)置通用8位中央處理器（CPU）和flish存儲單元，功能強大

28、AT89C51單片機可為您提供許多高性價比的應(yīng)用場合，可靈活應(yīng)用于各種控制領(lǐng)域。主要性能參數(shù)：與MCS-51產(chǎn)品指令系統(tǒng)完全兼容4K字節(jié)可重復(fù)寫flash閃速存儲器1000次擦寫周期全靜態(tài)操作：0HZ24MHZ三級加密程序存儲器128*8字節(jié)內(nèi)部RAM32個可編程I/O口2個16位定時計數(shù)器6個中斷源可編程串行UART通道低功耗空閑和掉電模式功能特性概述AT89C51提供以下標準功能：4K字節(jié)flish閃速存儲器，128字節(jié)內(nèi)部RAM，32個I/O口線，兩個16位定時計數(shù)器，一個5向量兩級中斷結(jié)構(gòu)，一個全雙工串行通信口，片內(nèi)振蕩器及時鐘電路。同時，AT89C51可降至0HZ的靜態(tài)邏輯操作，并支

29、持兩種軟件可選的節(jié)電工作模式?？臻e方式停止CPU的工作，但允許RAM，定時計數(shù)器，串行通信口及中斷系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)工作。掉電方式保存RAM中的內(nèi)容，但振蕩器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件工作直到下一個硬件復(fù)位。引腳功能說明VCC：電源電壓GND：地P0口：P0口是一組8位漏極開路型雙向I/O口，也即地址/數(shù)據(jù)總線復(fù)位口。作為輸出口用時，每位能吸收電流的方式驅(qū)動8個邏輯門電路，對端口寫“1”可 作為高阻抗輸入端用。在訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器或程序存儲器時，這組口線分時轉(zhuǎn)換地址（低8位）和數(shù)據(jù)總線復(fù)用，在訪問期間激活內(nèi)部上拉電阻。P1口P1是一個帶內(nèi)部上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P1的輸出緩沖級可驅(qū)動（吸收或輸出電流）4個TTL邏輯門電路。對端口寫“1”，通過內(nèi)部的上拉電阻把端口拉到高電平，此時可做熟出口。做輸出口使用時，因為內(nèi)部存在上拉電阻，某個引腳被外部信號拉低時會輸出一個電流（Iil）.Flash編程和程序校驗期間，P1接受低8位地址。P2口P2是一個帶有內(nèi)部上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P2的輸出緩沖級可驅(qū)動（吸收或輸出電流）4個TTL邏輯門電路。對端口寫“1”，通過內(nèi)部地山拉電阻把端口拉到高電平，此時可作為輸出口，作輸出口使用時，因為內(nèi)部存在上拉電阻，某個引腳被外部信號拉低時會輸出一個電流（Ii