英語時態(tài)大全

1、英語時態(tài)大全英語共有十六個時態(tài)、四個體。(注:四個體為一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。英語中的四個體相當(dāng)于法語、西班牙語以及所有印歐語系羅曼語族中的式,如:直陳式,命令式等。(1一般現(xiàn)在時基本形式(以do為例:第三人稱單數(shù):does(主語為非第三人稱單數(shù);肯定句:主語+動詞原形+其他;He works for us.否定句:主語+dont/doesn't+動詞原形+其他;He doesn't work for us.一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他?？隙ɑ卮?Yes,(+主語+do/does.否定回答:No,(+主語+don't/doesn't.特殊

2、疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句語Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn'tWhat does he do for us?He works for us.(2一般過去時be動詞+行為動詞的過去式否定句式:在行為動詞前加didnt,同時還原行為動詞,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問,同時還原行為動詞例如:Did he work for us?He didn't work for us.He worked for us.(3一般將來時am/are/is+going to+do 或wil

3、l/shall+doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般將來時的表達(dá)方法be going to +動詞原形be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to +動詞原形be able to +不定式be about to+動詞原形will + 動詞原形;例如:He is going to work for us.He will work for us;He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現(xiàn)在時表達(dá)將來時態(tài)的例子!(4過去將來時be(was,weregoing to+動詞原形be(was,wereabout to+動詞原形be(w

4、as,wereto+動詞原形肯定句:主語+be(was,weregoing to+動詞原形.否定句:主語+be(was,werenot going to+動詞原形.疑問句:Be(Was,Were+主語+going to+動詞原形?肯定句:主語+would(should+動詞原形.否定句:主語+would(shouldnot+動詞原形.疑問句:Would(Should+主語+動詞原形?He would work for us.(5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主語+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式(其中v表示動詞表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或最近在做的事。例如:I am buying a book.第一人稱+am+doing

5、+sth第二人稱+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式第三人稱+is+doing+sth例:He is working.(6過去進(jìn)行時肯定句:主語+was/were+doing+其它否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑問句及答語:Was/Were+主語+doing+其它;答語:Yes,I主語+was/we re./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它He was working when he was alive.(7將來進(jìn)行時主語+will + b

6、e +現(xiàn)在分詞He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8過去將來進(jìn)行時should(would+be+現(xiàn)在分詞He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work f or us.(9現(xiàn)在完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+過去分詞(done肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分

7、詞+其他He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10過去完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+過去分詞(done肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他肯定回答:Yes,主語+had否定回答:No,主語+hadn't特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他語法判定:( 1 by + 過去的時間點。如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'

8、;clock last night.( 2 by the end of + 過去的時間點。如:We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.( 3 before + 過去的時間點。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11將來完成時(shallwill+have+動詞過去分詞before+將來時間或by+將來時間before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時的從句He will have worked for us.=

9、He will work for us.(12過去將來完成時should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時基本與現(xiàn)在完成時相同,但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時只能表示仍然持續(xù)的概念have/has been +-ing 分詞He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for te n years.(14過去完成進(jìn)行時had been +-ing

10、 分詞He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15將來完成進(jìn)行時主語+ shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us.翻譯為:他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作,現(xiàn)在在工作,將來還會工作 (16過去將來完成進(jìn)行時should+have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱would have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱

11、He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he woul d work for us.舉例:英語中有12個主要時態(tài),都來自于三時(過去、現(xiàn)在、將來現(xiàn)在以I listen為例,舉例英語中有12個主要時態(tài)如下所示:一般現(xiàn)在時:I listen現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:I am listening過去進(jìn)行時:I was listening現(xiàn)在完成時:I have listened現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:I have been listening一般將來時:I shall listen”或“I will listen.”將來進(jìn)行時:I shal

12、l be listening一般過去時:I listened過去完成時:I had listened過去完成進(jìn)行時:I had been listening將來完成時:I shall have listened將來完成進(jìn)行時:I shall have been listening英語中不存在屬格一個普遍的誤解是在英語中只存在一個以“'s”結(jié)尾表示所屬的屬格。然而,語言學(xué)家已經(jīng)表明英語的所有格完全不是一個格,而是一個獨立的詞并且在書寫和發(fā)音上都不是前一個詞的一部分,這可以有下面這個句子表明:The King of Sparta's wif e was called Helen.(

13、斯巴達(dá)國王的妻子叫做海倫。如果“'s”是屬格,那么“妻子”(wife就屬于“斯巴達(dá)”(Sparta,但是“'s”并不是只表示“斯巴達(dá)”(Sparta,而是表示“斯巴達(dá)國王”(King of Sparta。上面這個例子并不表明英語沒有自己的屬格;但是它現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為另一個形式。在古英語中,ban的屬格形式是banes。后來在現(xiàn)代英語中,這個發(fā)展成為了使用“'s”表示的“bone's”。在18世紀(jì),人們對此的解釋是省略號代替了一個屬格代詞,就像“the King's horse”是“the King, his horse”的縮寫。但是這個解釋是不正確的。人們更相信是省略號代替了古英語中的“e”。英語和“與格”在現(xiàn)代英語中,與格不再是英語語法的一部分,它只出現(xiàn)在一些表達(dá)用語中。一個很好的例子是單詞methinks(據(jù)我看來。它來源于古英語的與格形式變化:me (與格的人稱代詞+think