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1、1. 非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣1 與現在事實相反If 從句:一般過去時(were主句: would (should,could,might+ 動詞原形e.g. If I were you, I _ all those stories. Old Bill loves making things up.A. would nt believe B. will believeC. will not believe D. would believe2)與過去事實相反If 從句:過去完成時主句: would (should,could,might+ have +過去分詞e.g. Things might
2、have been much worse if the mother _ on her right to keep the baby.A. has been insisting B. had insistedC. would insist D. insisted3)與將來事實相反If 從句: should/ were to +動詞原形主句: would (should,could,might+ 動詞原形e.g. Jean does nt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wou
3、ld nt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to get B. had got C. could have gotD. were to get注釋:A. 虛擬條件句中如果含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動詞 be 或have ,可將 if 省略,后面主、謂語要部分倒裝(即把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動詞 be 或 have 放到主語的前面)B. 由suppose, supposing, provided, on condition that 引導的從句有時也可用虛擬語氣,其謂語形式用過去式2. 虛擬語氣的特殊句型1)wish 后面的賓語從句1. 與現在事
4、實相反-謂語動詞用一般過去時,be (were2. 與過去事實相反-had+過去分詞或could/would+have+過去分詞3. 與將來事實相反-would/could/might+動詞原形2 would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon 后面的賓語從句中與過去事實相反-had +過去分詞;與現在/將來事實相反-一般過去時3 suggest 后面的賓語從句中, (should + V常見的要求虛擬的其它動詞有: advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determin
5、e, direct, insist, intend, maintain(堅持, move(提議, object, order, propose, prefer, pray, recommend, request, require, resolve, urge, vote(提議, prescribe(指示 等.4 與suggestion 等名詞有關的表語從句或同位語從句中, (should +V其他名詞有:advice, decision, demand, desire, idea, importance, insistence, motion, necessity, order, pray,
6、preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, significance, understanding 等5 在It is /was +adj./V-ed +that 引導的主語從句中, (should + V這類形容詞有: advisable, appropriate, better, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, possible,
7、probable, strange, surprising, urgent, vital等.6 在It is time 后面的定語從句中, 謂語動詞用一般過去時; 有時為了強調, time 前面常常加high, about等詞。e.g. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. We went home D. we can go home7 在as if 或 as though引導的讓步狀語從句中,謂語動詞形式與wish 后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞
8、形式相同。8 在in order that, so that 引導的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞用may (might +V, 在口語中常用can (could + V。9 在lest, for fear that, in case 引出的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞用 ( should +V10. 由whetheror, whatever, whoever, no matter what 等引導的讓步狀語從句中,謂語動詞用 (may +V;有時whether 可省略,句子用倒裝形式e.g. The business of each day, _selling goods or shipping th
9、em, went quite smoothly.A. it being B. be itC. was it D. it was3. 混合(交叉 型的虛擬語氣1. 時間混合(交叉/ 錯綜時間條件句有時條件句表示的動作和主句所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致,這時動詞的形式要根據具體時間來表現。e.g. If I had nt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. would nt be smilingB. could nt have smiledC. wont smileD. did nt smile2. 語氣混合(交叉/ 含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句,而是通過一個介詞短語,如:with, without, but for 等;有時可以通過連詞或副詞,如:but, but that, or, otherwise等;有時甚至可以通過上下文或其他方式來暗示虛擬條件的存在。固定結構中的虛擬語氣1. If it were not for (要不是)2. If it had not been for/ Had it not been(要不是) 3. Be that (as it may (盡
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