牛津譯林版模塊五第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)練習(xí)(無(wú)答案)

1、牛津譯林版模塊五第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)練習(xí)（無(wú)答案）Unit 2 The environmentPeriod 1 : welcome to the unit and reading、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.produce (v.)(n.)2.greed (n.)_(adj.)3.responsible (adj.)(n.)4.believe (v.).(n.)5.environment (n.)(adj.)6.operate (v.)_(n.)7.willing (adj.)(opp.)8.arrive (v.) .(n.)9.illegal (adj.)(opp.)10.impress (v.)_(n.)1

2、1.decrease (v.)(opp.)12.conservation (n.)(v.)13.electricity (n.)(adj.)14.particular (adj.)(adv.)二、固定搭配1.openfloor 自由發(fā)言2.cut back減少3.operate_.4.use up5.run out of6.clean打掃7.queue 排隊(duì)等候8.pick out 9.under way .10.regard to 關(guān)于11.排放12.尤其13.do one 's part14.last but not least15.take steps三、重點(diǎn)詞匯1 .debat

3、e n./v.爭(zhēng)論，辯論；討論固定搭配：debate about討論Eg: 1>.Before long we invited the spokeswoman and several consultants to participate in the debate.2> .There was much lively debate about whether the tourist was to blame for his manner.辨析：debate 與 argue易混詞辨析例句debate側(cè)重“雙方各抒己見”，內(nèi)含交鋒的意思。We have been debating abo

4、ut the present economy.argue側(cè)重“說(shuō)理”，“論證”和“企圖說(shuō)服”。I argued with my brother for a long time, but our mother pretended not to hear us.2.discussion n.討論固定搭配：have a hot/ heated discussion about/ on K進(jìn)行熱烈的討論under discussion 在討論中Eg:1>.We opened the floor and had a heated discussion on language and communi

5、cation.2>.He told us whether to debate was still under discussion .3 .atmosphere n.大氣，空氣；氣氛Eg:The tense atmosphere in the room became relaxed thanks to his humour.4 . lay eggs 產(chǎn)卵Eg: Every year a wide range of fish swim against the current to lay eggs in their birthplace.原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說(shuō)謊liedlied

6、lyinglie躺，位于laylainlyinglay放置；卜蛋l(fā)aidlaidlayingEg:The man lying there lied that he had laid the money on the table.5 .responsibility n.責(zé)任，職責(zé) v.adj.固定搭配：have a responsibility to do sth.有責(zé)任做某事take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承擔(dān)(彳t)某事的責(zé)任It is one ' s responsibility to doslh<負(fù)責(zé)做某事Eg:1>.You

7、must take responsibility for looking after the sick child, or you will be to blame.2>. It ' s your responsibility inform us of any revisions of the design.相關(guān)鏈接： be responsible for.負(fù)責(zé)Eg: You must be responsible for your absurd remarks.6 .belief n.信念，看法固定搭配：beyond belief令人無(wú)法相信，令人難以置信in the beli

8、ef that.相信Its one ' s belief tha故相信.Eg:1>.Grandet is selfish and greedy beyond belief.2>.It ' s my belief thahe gifted boy will have a different childhood.相關(guān)鏈接：believe in信任，信賴 believe sb.相信某人說(shuō)的話believe sb. to be +adj.相信某人是 believe sb. to have done sth. 認(rèn)為某人做過(guò)某事7.operate v.經(jīng)營(yíng)； 動(dòng)手術(shù)； 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) n

9、.Eg: The machine operates day and night to process those raw materials.8 .credit n.贊揚(yáng)，稱贊，認(rèn)可；信用，信譽(yù)；學(xué)分固定搭配：give sb. credit給某人贊許to one ' s credit值得贊揚(yáng)、欽佩的是do sb. credit/ do a credit to sb.為某人增光Eg: Many scientists are anchored in villages and devote themselves to the agriculture. We should give them

10、more credit.9 .quantity n.數(shù)量固定搭配：a large / small quantity of大/少量的quantities of大量的，大批的in quantity很多，大量的Eg:1>. A large quantity of soil has been washed away during the rainy season. We have the responsibility to protect our common environment.2>. Huge quantities of oil were leaking into the sea,

11、 which caused the environmental damage.學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：a large/ small quantity of 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形 式；quantities of修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與quantities保持一致，即用復(fù)數(shù)形式。即學(xué)即練：1. Large quantities of polluted water(be) flowing into the sea.2.A large quantity of air -conditioners(have) been sold in the past few

12、years.10.willing adj.樂意的，自愿的，心甘情愿的反： 固定搭配：be willing to do sth.愿意做某事Eg: 1>.What if everyone is willing to forgive others?2>.In my opinion, it' s my duty to 100k after the young trees, mowilling towater them every week.四、溫故知新l.open the floor自由發(fā)言 take the floor （在重要的公開會(huì)議上 ）發(fā)言 have / get the

13、floor 取得發(fā)言權(quán)Eg:The president then took the floor and expressed his attitude towards the global protection.2 .make接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：make oneself at home 別客氣 make sth. done 讓某事被做make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 make sb./ sth.+adj.讓某人 /某物.3 .number 短語(yǔ);the number of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)a number of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)numbers of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

14、a large /good /great number of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)相關(guān)鏈接：a great/ good deal of +不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)many a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)more than one +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)a great /good many +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)quantities of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)plenty of +可數(shù)名，復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞4 .duty 短語(yǔ)：on duty值班，上班out of duty出于責(zé)任5 .cut短語(yǔ)：cut back on （cut down on）縮減，削減 cut away

15、 砍掉cut up切開，切成小塊cut in超車；插嘴cut out剪下；刪除6 . run短語(yǔ)：a lot of/ lots of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞It ' s one ' s duty to帽嵬晡1是某人的責(zé)任cut through剪斷；抄近路cut off 切斷，割掉be cut out for sth.適合做某事，是彳某事的材料（多用于疑問句和否定句）run out （常與of連用）用完，耗盡；即將用完run into碰撞，偶然遇上run through瀏覽，貫穿run away from 逃離，逃避（責(zé)任）in the long/ short run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)

16、/短期來(lái)看run across偶然遇到run after追逐，追蹤五、經(jīng)典句型I.The world ' s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.（P.22）與1800年的人口相比，世界人口數(shù)量已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了要點(diǎn)提煉：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法(1) A+ be +倍數(shù)+ as +計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí) + as + B(2) A+ be +倍數(shù)+計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí) + than +B A+ be +倍數(shù)+ the +計(jì)量名詞+ of + B(4) The + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + A+ be + 倍數(shù) + that + of + B(5)倍

17、數(shù)+ what從句Eg:1>.The production this year is twice as large as last year.2>.This new apartment is exactly three times more expensive than that one.3>.This new apartment is exactly three times the size of that one.4>.The size of this new apartment is three times that of that one.5>.This

18、year ' s production is twice what it was last year.句式仿寫：(用4種表達(dá)方式)1 .這座山的高度是那座山的4倍。2 .Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to savethe environment.(P.23)林女士建議為了保護(hù)環(huán)境我們應(yīng)該削減我們所產(chǎn)生的東西的數(shù)量。句法分析：suggested后接 從句，引導(dǎo)詞 省略了； we produce是 從句，關(guān)系代詞也省略了。要點(diǎn)提煉：suggest vt.建議

19、；暗示，表明suggest doing sth. 建議做某事suggest that. 建議.suggest to sb. That 向某人建議 .學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，后可跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，或用句式suggest that sb.(should) do sth.表示“建議某人做某事"，should do為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略；suggest作“暗示”講時(shí)，其后 that從 句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Eg:1>.He suggested that we (should) think more about recycling our waste.2>.

20、 It ' s suggested thwe (should) think more about recycling our waste.3>.The worried look on her face suggestedthat she was eager to keep pace with others.3 .However, I do agree that. 然而，我的確贊同.（P.23要點(diǎn)提煉：do表示強(qiáng)調(diào)（助動(dòng)詞do, does,did經(jīng)常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此種情況下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。）Eg:1>. Do work hard while you are on d

21、uty.2>.I did admit that I had betrayed my good friend then. Later I sincerely made an apology to him.拓展：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或句子等可以用 ever, never, still, even, very, just, most, badly, highly, really 等副詞以及in the world（究竟，到底），by no means（決不），on earth（究竟，到底）等介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。 還可 以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“ It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/ wh

22、o +剩余部分”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。Eg:1>.Just who do you think you' re relying on?2>.It bysno means certain that how he will respond to her remarks.3>.It was yesterday evening that we had a heated debate.4 .Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to

23、 the environment.（P.23）我問過(guò)周圍的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多人都愿意支付稍高一些的價(jià)格來(lái)購(gòu)買環(huán)保產(chǎn)品。要點(diǎn)提煉：find +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（賓補(bǔ)可以是現(xiàn)在分詞（表示主動(dòng)卜過(guò)去分詞（表示被動(dòng)卜介詞短語(yǔ)、形 容詞、副詞等。）Eg:1>.I f ound a boy sleeping in the waiting room.2>.They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks, fish,shells and plants.3>.He found himself in a strange valley where h

24、e couldn ' t get through to his parents.5 .What if they run out?（P.25）要是他們用完了怎么辦？要點(diǎn)提煉：What if.?要是.會(huì)怎么辦/怎么樣？”該句式相當(dāng)于 "What should we do/ will happen if.?”Eg:1>. What if large quantities of harmful chemicals go into the atmosphere?2>.What if there are disagreements among us about the top

25、ic?要點(diǎn)提煉：（run out of為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，run out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。在使用時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)態(tài)，其中run out of可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而 run out則不能。）Eg: Today ' s debate question is,run out'of weir money, who can we rely on? "15 / 16隨堂練習(xí)：一、單句語(yǔ)法填空：I.The system will have to be tested before it goes into(produce).2 .As a teacher, it is my(responsible

26、) to make the students devoted to their study.3 .(environment) health could also deal with preventive medicine, aging, and other concerns specific to human health.1.1 f you ' re(will) to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.5 .Charles was at the clinic recovering from an(operate) on h

27、is arm.6 .The speaker had to raise his voice to make himself(hear) by the listeners in the hall.7 .The government has announced plans to cut back defense spending 10% next year.8 .At the back yard, we found him(seat)on a bench, with his eyes(fix) on his neighbour garden of roses.二、語(yǔ)法填空My aim in life

28、 is (save) the environment for future generations. I want to become an (environment) consultant after I graduate. Too many people think that pollution canif we want the country to develop. But that is not true. We can cut back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories. Even though a factory produc

29、es large quantity of goods, it does not mean that it has to letoff a lot if pollution into the environment.I want to teach people to buy products that have been(recycle). This is much better for the environment, because it means we do not need to cut so many trees.There is no debating we also have a

30、 problem with population. The number of people keeps(grow), and we are producing more rubbish and using more raw materials. What theyrun out? I am confident that if we are all willing(work) together, we can overcome these challenges and keep the Earth clean and(health).三、單句寫作1 .(大量)harmful chemicals

31、 that factories create go into the atmosphere and（是我們生?。?。2 .The amount of rubbish we produce（ 成為）a big problem, so we need to think more about（回收利用廢物）。3 . It is clear that we（彳艮關(guān)注）the present situation of our environment.4 .People often（認(rèn)為 development is bad for the environment.5 .Many industries（ 愿

32、意花錢彌補(bǔ) ）any damages they caused.一、環(huán)保英語(yǔ)詞匯ecotourism生態(tài)旅游solar energy 太陽(yáng)能 plastic bags 塑料袋 disposable可丟棄的Period 2 Word power, Grammar and Project污染物 pollution污染preserve 保護(hù)throwaway 一次性使用的fossil fuels礦石燃料ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)pollutantalternative energy 可替代能源drinking cans 飲料罐non-renewable不可再生的natural gas 天然氣 nuc

33、lear power 核能 radioactivity 輻射性wildlife 野生生物acid rain 酸雨carbon dioxide 二氧化碳the greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)global warming全球變暖the green belt 綠化帶sandstorm 沙塵暴environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentally friendly 環(huán)保的eco-friendly對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境友好的limited natural resources有限的自然資源natural reserves 自然保護(hù)區(qū)endangered species

34、瀕危物種animal rights acvitists動(dòng)物權(quán)禾U支持者二、重點(diǎn)詞匯1.1 mpress vt. 使欽佩，使敬仰；使印象深刻 n.adj.固定搭配：impress sb. with =sb. be impressed with給某人留下深刻印象，使某人因而欽佩impress sth. on/ upon sb. 使某人了解某物的重要性Eg:1>.In the debate, the girl impressed us with her sense of humour.2>.We were most impressed with your committed attitu

35、de towards adolescents worldwide.3>.The leader impressed on his civilians the value of developing economy.2 .queue up排隊(duì)等候Eg: No one is willing to queue up at the bus stop during the rush hour.拓展：queue up to do sth.爭(zhēng)先恐后地做某事jump the queue 插隊(duì)；不按照次序排隊(duì)queue jumper插隊(duì)的人3 .decrease vi./ vt./ n. 減少 反： 固定搭

36、配： on the decrease 在減少Eg: The production of the crops in this area decreased from 5.2million tons to 4.5 million tons.學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：decrease/ increase to表示“減少/增長(zhǎng)到.” ；decrease/ increase by后接分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或其他表示 數(shù)量的詞，表示“減少/增長(zhǎng)了 .” .Eg: Using the new method can help us decrease the costs of the production and running by

37、10%.4 .devoted adj.獻(xiàn)身于.的，忠實(shí)的固定搭配：be devoted to喜愛；忠于；致力于 devote oneself to doing sth.獻(xiàn)身于做某事devote one ' s life/ time/ money/ energy to doing sth.某人的一生/時(shí)間/金錢/精力奉獻(xiàn)于做某事Eg:1>.(devote) herself to the twins completely, the young mother found herself surrounded by happiness which could not be found i

38、n her previous job.2>.(devote) to the study of arithmetic( 算數(shù)),Zu Chongzhi is a famous ancient mathematician.5 .raise vt.提出；舉起；提高；籌募；撫養(yǎng)，種植 (=put forward / come up with)固定搭配： raise one ' s hand手raise one ' s family 家糊口raise one ' s voce聲音raise funds 籌集資金對(duì)比:原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞詞義詞性raiseraisedraise

39、d舉起，提高Vt.riseroserisen上升，升起Vi./ narisearosearisen出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生Vi.6 .concern n.關(guān)心；所關(guān)心的事vt.關(guān)系到，涉及 prep.關(guān)于Eg:1>.The environmental issue is a matter of considerable public concern.2>.Developing the economy concerns all of us.3>.He doesn con cern himself with the debate.拓展：be concerned with和.有牽連be conce

40、rned about/ for 擔(dān)心.,擔(dān)憂be concerned to do sth. 認(rèn)為做某事很重要be concerned that.擔(dān)心.concern oneself with/ about 關(guān)心、某事， 擔(dān)心、某事as/ so far as.be concerned 就.而言，在.看來(lái)一系列./各類.out of range of超出.的范圍express concern for sb. 表達(dá)對(duì)某人的關(guān)心7 .range n.范圍；一系歹Uv.包括名詞搭配：a wide/ broad/ whole/ full range ofin/ within range of在視覺（在聽覺

41、）范圍內(nèi)Eg:The supermarket provides customers with a full range of goods.動(dòng)詞搭配：range from.to包括(各種不同的人或物)；(價(jià)格、水平、溫度等)處于某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)Eg: She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from swimming instructor to consultant.8 .appreciate vt.欣賞；喜歡；感激 (+n./ pron./ doing)Eg:1>. You can completely appreciate the m

42、adam ' s grace just through her manners.2>.His idea raised in the debate was fully appreciated.3>.We appreciate your(help) us.學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：固定句式(appreciate/ like/ dislike/ hate it + if/ when 從句)Eg:1>.We really appreciate it if you are willing to help. 如果你愿意幫忙，我們很感激。2>.I appreciated when she o

43、ffered to cut back on the debts.她主動(dòng)削減債務(wù)，我很感激。9 .particular adj.尤其，特另1J固定搭配：in particular 尤其 be particular about 挑易 UEg:1>.In regard to climate change and conservation of environment, I gave a special speech at the conference and now I have nothing in particular to say.2>.I like meat in general

44、, and mutton in particular .3>.The girl(挑易U) friends and never grateful for everything others have done for her.10 .absorb v.吸收；使專心；使全神貫注固定搭配：absorb sth. (into.)吸收某物absorb oneself in (= be absorbed in) 某人被.吸弓I住，專注于 .Eg:1>.Plants absorb carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen.2>.When deeply (a

45、bsorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.3>.(陷入沉思中),he didn ，t hear the sound.三、短語(yǔ)歸納：l.take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事Eg: It ， s our duty to 采取措施保護(hù) )rare species.2.including A = A includedEg:The topic covers several aspects, incl

46、uding economy, politics, military and diplomacy.(= The topic covers several aspects,economy, politics, military and diplomacy included.)A includes B= B is a part of A; A contains B= B is inside A 3.stop sb./ sth from doing sth.類似的表達(dá):學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：在 stop/ keep/ prevent sb./ sth. From doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，與stop,preve

47、nt連用的from在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中可 省略，而與keep連用的from不可省略。若把 keep sb. From doing sth.中from省略。則成了另外一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu) keep sb. doing sth.意為“使某人一直做某事“。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，上述結(jié)構(gòu)中的from都不可省略。Eg:What impressed me most was that the foreign government took immediate steps to stop the local armed groups from conflicting .4.under相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：(在.中)under way 在進(jìn)行中und

48、er consideration 在考慮中under control在控制中5.part相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：do one ' s paB自己的職責(zé)under repair在修理中under discussion 在討論中under pressure處在壓力下under treatment 在治療中under construction 在建設(shè)中under command在指揮中play a role/ part in 在.中扮演角色；在.中充當(dāng)作用take part in 參力口play the role of 扮演.角色(a) part of的一部分take an active part in

49、積極參力口Eg:Falling over is part of learning how to ski.6.let相關(guān)短語(yǔ):let off釋放；饒?。皇贡╨et alone更不用說(shuō)（用于否定句之后）Let down使沮喪，使失望let out發(fā)出（叫聲）；透露四、經(jīng)典句型:1 .The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.該中心有300多名科學(xué)家，他們致力于尋找阻止沙漠化的方法。句法分析:devoted to finding measures 作，修

50、飾; that弓I導(dǎo) 從句，修飾;句子主句成分分別是，主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ).2 .Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.譯為：.句法分析：句子主句 成分分別是，主語(yǔ) ,謂語(yǔ)，賓

51、語(yǔ).主句 成分分別是，主語(yǔ) ,謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ).when弓|導(dǎo) 從句，knowing 作 成分，that弓|導(dǎo) 從句。3.Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car.譯為：.替代詞that的用法：that用來(lái)特指上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。復(fù)數(shù)用 those.Eg:1>.The teacher ' s attitude to the question is different from that(the att

52、itude) of the girl.2>.The goods made in our country are better than imported.相關(guān)用法：one用來(lái)替代上文提到的同類事物中的一個(gè)，表示泛指，相當(dāng)于“ a/an+n."，復(fù)數(shù)用ones;it指代 上文中提到的同一事物。Eg:The umbrella you bought is cheaper than I bought.同步練習(xí)：一、單句語(yǔ)法填空：I.John likes to give the(impress) that he' s very popular and has lots of friends.2.On(arrive) at the police station, they were taken to an interview room.3 .They sold the goods(illegal) and were sent to prison at last.4 .The fire was caused by an(electricity) fault, which reminded us to be more careful.5 .