小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總-精講

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理 精講巧練一、 名 詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復(fù)數(shù)形式”：a一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawbe

2、rriesd以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；e以“o”結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的+es 如：mango-mangoes potato -potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 無(wú)生命的+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)則變化1）man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese 2) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如：deer,

3、 sheep, Chinese, Japanese3）還有一些名詞本身就是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的。如:shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, trousers, shoes2、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判斷步驟：               &#

4、160;                                  如是am、is或was原形讀句子讀該單詞認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞理解意思看be動(dòng)詞          

5、60;                                       如是are或were加s或es練一練1、寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 I_ him_ this_ her_ watch_ m

6、ango_child _ photo _ diary _ day_  foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _   box_  strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_ sandwich_   man_   woman_  leaf_   people_2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Are there two        

7、0;       ( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some                 ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How many               

8、  ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Herere five                ( bottle ) of                  ( juice ) for you.（5）This   &

9、#160;            ( violin ) is hers. Those                (grape) are over there.二、冠  詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個(gè)，一件”。an用在以元

10、音“音素”開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an houra 用語(yǔ)輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前，如：a book, a pen2、定冠詞：the用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒(méi)有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：  （1）用來(lái)表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.  （2）表示說(shuō)話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.  （3）表示再次提到前面談過(guò)的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stam

11、p is beautiful.  （4）用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：the sun太陽(yáng)  the moon月亮  the earth地球  （5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城  （6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：the Changjiang River長(zhǎng)江  （7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、樂(lè)器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中一般都用定冠詞the， 如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class練一練1、

12、用a或an填空。        _ “U”         _ ice-cream         _  goalkeeper       _ teapot     _apple  

13、0;    _office   _English book       _umbrella _unit         _hour            2、根據(jù)需要，填寫(xiě)冠詞a，an或the。（1）Who is _girl behind _tree?（2）&

14、#160;_old man has two children, _ son and _daughter.（3）This is  _ orange.   _ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby.（5）We all had _good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_ doctor.三 數(shù) 詞基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)

15、詞前面沒(méi)有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過(guò)二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21  twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如：101  a/one hundred and one3、用基數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個(gè)男孩  eighteen boys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯  two bowls of rice5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ni

16、nth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞。如：88  eighty-eighth練一練1、請(qǐng)翻譯下列短語(yǔ)。 （1）60名學(xué)生                             （2）1

17、5本英語(yǔ)書(shū)                              （3）九杯涼水                   

18、;           （4）4個(gè)孩子                                （5）12月31      

19、                          （6）6月2日                        

20、60;        （7）第九周                                 （8）40年前         

21、;                         （9）                         &

22、#160;        （10）第一天                            2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。one-       two-    

23、;           three-            nine-            fourteen-             t

24、wenty-                      thirty-five-                     eighty-one- five-四、代  詞指

25、示代詞：指示說(shuō)明近處或遠(yuǎn)處、上文或下文、以前或現(xiàn)在的人或事物單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 含義This(這個(gè)) these(這些) 指較近的人或物That(那個(gè)) those(那些) 指較遠(yuǎn)的人或物注意：打電話時(shí)用this介紹自己，that詢問(wèn)對(duì)方，如This is Kate speaking. Who is that?人稱代詞：1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語(yǔ)，一般用在動(dòng)詞前（疑問(wèn)句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語(yǔ)，多 用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰(shuí)的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：&#

26、160;  This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞。    請(qǐng)牢記下表：?jiǎn)螖?shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱 代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs練一練1、按要求寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。I（賓格）_&#

27、160;           she（形容詞性物主代詞）_             we（名詞性物主代詞）_ he（復(fù)數(shù)）_         us（單數(shù)）_       theirs（主格）_ its（賓格）_ 2、想一想，把下表

28、補(bǔ)充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. L

29、ook! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _

30、 classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. (she)五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人

31、的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)（表示兩個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)），由比較級(jí)+than構(gòu)成最高級(jí)（大于等于三個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較），由the+形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加-er,esttall, long, oldtaller, longer, oldertallest, longest, oldest 以e結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-r,estnice, fine, largenicer, finer, largernicest, finest, largest 以輔音y結(jié)尾的詞,先把y改成i，再加-er,estbusy, early

32、, easybusier, earlier, easierbusiest, earliest, easiest 以“輔元輔”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾的詞，先雙最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er,estbig, hot, red, thinbigger, hotter, thinnerbiggest, hottest, thinest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,estclever, narrowcleverer, narrowercleavest, narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more, mostimportant, easily more important, m

33、ore easilymost important, most easily常用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí): 原級(jí)-比較級(jí)-最高級(jí) good/well-better-best many-more-most much/many-more-most little-less-least bad/badly/ill-worse-worstold-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther, further-farthest, furthest練一練1、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)big      

34、;          good                 long                 tall          

35、60;      old               short                thin                heavy&#

36、160;               young              fat              light        &#

37、160;      strong                 high                far              

38、 low              early               late                 well     &#

39、160;          fast               slow    2、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I can swim as _ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are _  ( big ) than mine.3) I think yo

40、u do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is _ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as _（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have _ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump _ ( far ) than some of the boys

41、in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes _ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets _and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介  詞1、是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，它只有跟它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, 2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at, on, in

42、。（1）at表示“在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上”，或用在固定詞組中。如：at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m., （2）on表示“在某日或某日的時(shí)間段”。如：on Friday, on Monday morning, on May 1st(3）in表示“在某一段時(shí)間（月份、季節(jié)）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in 20053、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿著藍(lán)色的衣服），in English（用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)）練一練1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) Whats this _ ( at, on, in ) Engli

43、sh?2) Christmas is _ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well  _ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds  _ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet  _ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop  _

44、 ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat    _ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is  _ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live _ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain   _ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出

45、下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫(xiě)在橫線上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths.            2) The films were in the ground just now.          3) They are talking to their plans.      

46、60;4) How many students have their birthdays on May?           5) Womens Day is at the third of March.           6) I can jog to school on the morning.        &

47、#160;  7) Did you water trees at the farm?          8) Can you come and help me on my English?           9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.     10) What did you do on

48、 the Spring Festival?           七、動(dòng)  詞這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法： 先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個(gè)、一張等）和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說(shuō)不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞；都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。（目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道）

49、 1、be動(dòng)詞（ am, is, are, was, were ）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Y

50、es, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be動(dòng)詞的否定形式：am not（沒(méi)有縮寫(xiě)形式），are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。練一練1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.       2）The girl_ Jack's sister. 3）The dog _ tall and fat.   

51、60;             4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5）_ your brother in the classroom?               6）How _ your father? 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.  

52、                  8）Whose dress _ this? 9）Whose socks _ they?        10）Who _ I?   11）The jeans _ on the desk. 12）Here _ a scarf for you.    

53、0;                    3）Here _ some sweaters for you. 14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang.           15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16）The two cups

54、of milk _ for me.                   17）Some tea _ in the glass. 18）Gao shan's shirt _ over there.                19）My si

55、ster's name _Nancy.20）_ David and Helen from England?           21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree.           23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）

56、There _ some bread on the plate.        25）You, he and I _ from China.26）There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、助動(dòng)詞（ do, does, did ）do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過(guò)去式did用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didn

57、t。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do；助動(dòng)詞do, does, did后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。練一練1、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。1) _you like this magazine?       2) The girl_like bread for breakfast.3) -What _ she _ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Wha_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote t

58、o my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I _.6) He _not visit a farm last National Day holiday.   7) They_ not like playing volleyball.8) - _Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he         .9)  

59、60;    _Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites _we have? -We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，將序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)，并改正。(      ) 1)           Did you had a big lunch with your family last Sp

60、ring Festival?                     A       B                  C(    &#

61、160; ) 2)           -What do the boy have in his pencil-box? -He has a rubber.                            A &#

62、160;       B                        C(      ) 3)        They doesnt like the film.    A

63、60;   B    C       (      ) 4)        Do Jim get up at six everyday?                  

64、0;   A       B           C(      ) 5)         Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.          &#

65、160;         A    B             C3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式

66、：can not = cant, must not = mustnt,    注意：may not和shall not（無(wú)縮寫(xiě)形式）練一練選擇填空。(      ) 1) The sign on the wall means you  _stay away from the building.          A. must       

67、0;   B. cant           C. shouldn't(      ) 2) How many books _ you see on the desk?   A. may     B. can     C. should(      ) 3) I

68、t means you  _ make noise in the library.  A. should    B. shouldn't   C. can(      ) 4) - _you like a glass of milk? - Yes, please.  A. May    B. Could   C. Would(      )

69、 5) - _you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant.  A. Can  B. Cant  C. Should(      ) 6)  _ we go to the park by bus?       A. May       B. Must       C

70、. Shall  4、行為動(dòng)詞   就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動(dòng)名詞）+ing、過(guò)去式+ed。    （1）動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結(jié)尾時(shí)，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y”為“i”再

71、加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies 。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, be

72、gin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。（3）過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant planted, visit visited, pick picked ；B、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾，直接加“ed”，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ；C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y”為“i”再加“ed”，如：try tried, carry carried, study studied ；D、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再加“ed”，如：stop stopped ；E、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

73、式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)記憶：是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成為-become-became-becoming； 開(kāi)始-begin-began-beginning； 彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買(mǎi)-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 選擇-choose-chose-choosing； 來(lái)-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, do

74、es-did-doing；畫(huà)-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺(jué)-feel-felt-feeling；發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長(zhǎng)-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；聽(tīng)-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurtin

75、g；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學(xué)習(xí)-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might-；意味-mean-meant-meaning；會(huì)見(jiàn) -meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must-；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-ru

76、nning；說(shuō)-say-said-saying；看見(jiàn)-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should-；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺(jué)-sleep-slept-sleeping；說(shuō)-speak-spoke-speaking；度過(guò)-spend-spent-spending 。練一練1、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink _go _stay _make _look _ have _pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _study _brush _do _teach_ take_ see_2、

77、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put _give _fly _get  _dance _sit_ run _plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _write _have _smoke _ think_ want_ tell_3、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink _play _go _make _does _dance _worry _ask _taste _eat _draw _put _throw _kick _pass _do  _4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（1）I _to school from

78、 Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. Yesterday we _to school together. We like _to school very much.      ( go )（2）They usually _lunch at home. But last week, they _lunch at school.     ( have )（3）That_my English book. It _new. But now

79、it _not here. It _there a moment ago.  ( be )（4）My sister likes _very much. She often _at our school festival. Last term, she _a lot of songs in the school hall. She _beautifully.    ( sing )（5）What _ he usually _on Sunday?  He usually _his homework. Look! He _his homework now.  _he _his home