旋耕機(jī)的類型和構(gòu)架的研究推廣分析.docxVIP

1、旋耕機(jī)的類型和構(gòu)架的研究推廣分析Analysisofthetypeandstructureofrotarycultivator1. ThedevetopmentofarotarycultivatorThedevelopmentofrotarytillerhasbeenaroundformorethan150years.ItwasoriginallyBritishandbeautiful.Theuseofthecountry,whichisdrivenbythreetofourkWinternalcombustionengines,ismainlyusedforthecultivationofg

2、ardens.Afterthedevelopmentoftherotarycultivator,therotarycultivatorenteredthefield.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury.AftertheintroductionofthedryfieldrotarycultivatorinEurope,alotofexperimentalresearchhasbeencarriedoutThebladeisappliedtotheneedsofpaddyfield,andthebladeandthebladeoftheknifeshaftaresolve

3、d.Thetillerwasdevelopedrapidly.Ourcountry*sdevelopmentofrotarytillerbeganinthelate1950s,theearlymajorresearchTherotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorwasdevelopedandthendevelopedwiththemediumwheeledtractorAmatchingrotarycultivator;Intheearly1970s,allkindsoftractormatchingwascompletedThedesignofthe

4、seriesrotarytiller,andtheapplicationoftheseries.Bythe1980s,Therotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorisdevelopedfromthespecialtypetothedualuse,withthehandsupportThetractorisfittedwiththewheelsandcrawlertractor.ThetillerisinourcountryThedevelopmentofsinglemachine,developmentseriesproducts,newproduct

5、developmentandgeneration3Inthisphase,thedevelopmentandpromotionofnewplantingandfarmingagronomyisbasedontherotillerfoundationltalsohasacombinationofvariousUSES.ThenewseriesofrotarycultivatorsareadoptedThenewtypeofrotaryploughingknife,whichcombinesreasonablespeedparameters,widthandcomplexfunction,Usin

6、gthefoundationofrotarytiller,itcanbeassembledonmanykindsofmachines,whichcanbesatisfiedThesameuseandagriculturalrequirements.Atpresent,thescopeofourrototillerisexpanding,Therearemorethan100factoriesandpartsmanufacturers,fromthesouthwaterfieldstothenortherndrylands.ltiswidelyusedinfieldssuchaspasture,

7、wastelandandfruittrees.2. TypeandstructureofrotarycultivatorTypeoftiller10Therearemanydifferentclassificationmethodsforrotarytiller,whichcanbedividedaccordingtothepositionofthetoolshaft.Type,verticalanddiagonal,theuseofhorizontalrotarytillerismorecommon.2.1 ThetransmissionformThetransmissionformofro

8、tarycultivatoristwokindsofmiddledriveandsidedrive.ThemiddledrivetrainThesystemconsistsoftheuniversaljointdriveshaftandtheintermediatetransmissionbox;ThesidedrivesystemismadeupofuniversaljointsThedrivingshaft,themiddledriveboxandthesidedrivingbox.ThesidedrivehasgeartransmissionMovingandsprocketdrivet

9、wo,thesidedriveboxadoptsthechaindrive,theprocessingdemandislow,Notonlythereliabilityispoor,buttheservicelifeisshort,thechainisbrokenandthemaintenancecostwillbeincreased.Whenthemiddledriveisadopted,thelowerpartofthetransmissionboxcausestheleakageofthefield,affectingthequalityoftheworkjnordertosolveth

10、isproblem,alooseearthshovelisfixedatthebottomofthetransmissionbox,whichissmallTypeshareplows,ortwospecialcurvedknivesnexttothetransmissionbox.InordertoadapttoDifferentsoilconditionsandtractorpoweroutputshaftspeed,thetransmissionofrotarytiller.Theboxhasaspeedratioofdifferentgearstogetdifferentblade.s

11、peed.2.2 ThetillerisattachedtothetractorTherearethreekindsofsuspension,directconnectionandtractionoftherotarytillerandtractorIntheform,Chinacurrentlyadoptsthefirsttwotypesofjoin.Thesuspensionofthethree-pointsuspensionrotarycultivatorThehangingandliftingisthesameasthesharetypeplow,drivenbythetractorp

12、oweroutputshaft,throughthewanxiang.Theshaftoftheshaftisdrivenbythegearbox.Directconnectedrotarycultivatorltismainlyusedtosupportthemanualtractor,usuallyafterthemanualtractorgearbox.Thecoverisremovedandthentherotarygearreducerandtractorgearboxarebolted.Together,thegearsinatractorgearboxpassdirectlyto

13、therottillefsgear.Drivetherotarytiller.2.3 TheturningoftheknifeandthespeedTheshiftofthehorizontalrotarykniferollerhasapositiverotationandinversionoftwotypes,atpresent,usingthemore.Alotofitisarotarytiller.Whenturning,thebladeisforcedtocutupthedirtandturnthesoilback.Throw,groundblockandmachinecoverand

14、dragboardcollision,furtherbreak,breakgroundissufficient,butwork.Highconsumption,whichaffectsthestabilityofthecultivateddepthwhentheploughingdepthincreases.KniferollreversalishelpfuLReducingtheenergyconsumptionofcuttingearthandimprovingtheeffectofgroundbreaking,coveringtheburiedgreenabilityisstrong,b

15、uttheresultisalready.Theaccumulationoftheplowedsoilcausestherepeatedcuttingoftheblade,increasingunnecessaryloadandwork.Consumption.Whenreversingrotarytiller,theshellclayismoresevereandthesoilmoistureishigher.Inthecase,reverserotarytillershouldnotbeused.Thepowerconsumptionoftherotaryspeedontherototil

16、lergroup.Loudnoise,idealconfigurationislowkniferollspeedandhighadvancespeed.Inthesamecase,therollspeedoftheknifeis180260r/min,soatpresent,thespeedofkniferollerhasdecreasedTrend.2.4 CutsoilpitchInthesamelongitudinalplane,theturningoftheearth'ssoil,thetimeintervalofthecuttingsoilinside,thedistance

17、oftheunitiscalledthecuttingpitch.ThecuttingpitchismorethanthatofthegroundLargeeffect,generallytoachievegoodbreakgroundeffect,canincreasekniferollinaweekThenumberofbladesortheincreaseoftherotationalspeedratio,thereductionofthespeedoftheunit.Rightnow,inthemiddle.Inthefieldofwheatfieldsofviscosity,thec

18、uttingpitchis10centimeters.2.5 bladeandconfigurationThebladehaschisel,rightAngleknife(alsocalledLknifeorwideknife)andcurvedknife3kindsForm.Theedgeofthechiselknifehasachiseledge,thesoilabilityisstrong,buteasytogetthegrass,generalfitnessUsedforreclamationandloosefields.Theedgeofaright-angleknifeiscutb

19、ysidecuttingedgeandtangentThebladeismadeof,thecuttingstyleissimilartothechiselknife,butthebladeiswideandrigid.Suitablefordrygroundworkindrysoil.ThebladeofacurvedknifeisformedbythecurveThesidecuttingedgeandthetangentedgearetwoparts,whichcaneasilybecutoffandnoteasytowrapGrass,suitableforworkinginthegr

20、assfield,isakindofwaterdroughtcommonknifetype.ThearrangementofthemacheteontheknifeaxisisaffectingthequalityandpowerconsumptionofrotarycultivatorsOneoftheimportantfactorsoftheinstallationcanbeconfiguredaccordingtodifferentagriculturalskills.machetesThearrangementshouldgenerallymeetthefollowingrequire

21、ments:thebladeshouldworkashardaspossibletolimittheconstraintsonthesideToreducethelateralpressureontheshaftbearing,reducetherotationoftherotarybladeTheturningdistanceofthecenteroftheplowingmachineensuresthatthemachineworksinastraightline,reducingpowerconsumptionandadjacentdaoThespacingbetweentheslice

22、sshouldbeaslargeaspossibletopreventthecuttingoftheknife.ThecurvedknifeTherearethreemaintypesofinstallationmethods.Inside,outside,andinterlaced.2.6 TheselectionofthespeedoftheunitTheprincipleofthespeedselectionoftheunitistoreachthegroundlevelandthesurfacelevel.Toensurethequalityoffarming,thepowerofth

23、etractorshouldbefullyutilized.Usuallybefore.Speed25km/hcanbeusedwhenfarmingonsolidsoilForwardspeed.2.7 HomeworkwidthInordertocontroltheincreaseinpowerconsumption,theplowingshouldbecompressedproperly,butinordertoeliminatethedelayThewheelrutmakesthegroundlevelafterploughing,andcanbetowedwhenthesoiliss

24、mallerthanresistanceThepullerandtherotarytillerarebeingconfiguredtomaketheploughsmorethan10cmintherearofthetractor.Inthecaseofsoilresistance,thetractorandrotarytillerwillbeused.Underthesoilconditionsofthesouthernwaterfield,itis1216cmdeepandthespindlespeedof18022O.R/min,theforwardvelocityis25km/h.3 R

25、esearchandpromotionofrotarytillerAtpresent,therotarytillerhasbeenwidelyused,butduetotheexistingproductseries.Thelimitationofstrengthandstructuresize,itsfunctionhasbeenrelativelysimpleLimitedtomedium,smallpowertractor,lacklargeanddeep-cultivatedproducts.Inthefuture,Theresearchandpromotionofthemachine

26、shouldbedominatedbylarge,deepplowing.3.1 Morethan20cmdeepplowedrotarycultivatorandacombinationofrotationaltillage.ThejointoperatingmachineandtherotarycultivatorwiththepowertractorBecauseofthepowertractorhasseveralslowspeedandevencrawl,somecountries.Thedeepplowingmachinewasdevelopedandthedeepplowingm

27、achinewasdeveloped,whichreached3060respectivelyCmand90120cm,therebygreatlywideningthetillagefield.3.2 Reducingpowerconsumptionandincreasingefficiencyisalsoafocusoffutureresearchandpromotion.Inordertoreducethepowerconsumptionandimprovethequalityofthecultivation,thebladeparametersshouldbefurtherstudie

28、d.Explorenewmethodsofcultivating,suchassubsoilreversal,etc.Atpresent,thecountryhasproducedthereverse.Rotaryploughingmachine,whichisnowwidelyusedforfarmingandcoveringgreenmanure;Drainplough,Theadvantageofdrivingthediscploughistomakethespinningpartinthehorizontalpositionofthehorizontalplane.ltcancutth

29、esoilsmoothly,thebladeofthebladeisevenlydistributed,therebyreducingthepowerconsumption.Toimproveefficiency,Wealsoneedtodeveloplargemachinetoolsthatcanbeusedformulti-functionjointoperation.3.3 ReducemaintenancecostsforusersThedesignofrotarycultivatorisdesignedbymeansoftheprincipleandmethodofserviceli

30、fe.Thecertificateisusedfor4-5years,reducingthemaintenancecostoftheuser.3.4 ApplicationsofemergingtechnologiesWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,weshouldconsiderapplyingsomenewtechniquestorotarycultivators.Onthetop,suchastheinformationsystem,developacopycontroloftheorchard,theforestfieldusether

31、otarytillerandTherotarytillerofhydraulickniferoller.4 DesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemThedatasignalprocessingsystemistheheartofthedetectionsystem,andherelatestothedetectionsystem.Theprecisionofthecottonisaffectedbytheprecision.High-speeddatacollectionprocessingsystemisThedevelopmentdirectionofthed

32、atacollectionprocessingsystemistoobservethecottonspecies.ThedetectionandsubsequentprocessingofthemeasuredsignalsdirectlyaffecttheselectionofcottoncolorColorselectionaccuracy.Therefore,thedesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemisespeciallycritical.TheprincipleofthecollectionsystemisthattheCCDisdrivenbythe

33、drivercircuit.Theanalogsignalsarecollectedandtheanalogsignalsarecollectedbysignalconditioningcircuit.ToconvertanalogsignalsintodigitalsignalstoimproveDSPprocessingspeed,addedFIFObuffertothesystem,becauseofhereFIFOdevicesdonotmatchtheleveloftheDSPchipthatwaschosen,sointhesystemAlevelconverterisadded,

34、andafteraFIFObuffer,thesignalentersDSPProcessingthemodule,thenprocessingthesignal,andfinallybyMCUtocontroltheexecutionmachineStructure.TheDSPprocessingmoduleisthekeytothesystem,whichUSEDIT,ProductionDSPchip,C2XXkernel,4assemblylinedesign,instructioncycle2.5Ns,3.3Vpowersupply;Thereare32k!6bitsofFLASH

35、and16bitsofRAM,bothofthemProcessRAM544bytes,singleprocessRAM2kbytes,noexternalstorage;A16-channel10-bitADC,theminimumconversiontimeof500ns;OutsideaserialSettheinterfaceSPI;YoucanusestandardCprogrammerprogramming,orClanguageandsinkProgramminglanguagestomeetindustrialcontrolrequirementsperfectly.Here,

36、DSPisthesignalprocessingcenterfortheentirehardwaresystem,andheacceptstheharvestfromtheCCDThesetsignalisprocessedandpassedtoMCUwhileDSPiscompleteFLASHandSDRAMcontrol5 conclusionTheelectro-opticaldetectionsystemisthecoresystemofthede-flannelercottoncolorselectionmachine,andalsoAverysophisticatedsystem

37、withhighprecisioninactualproduction,howmuchmoreReasonabledesignofthewholesystem,suchasopticalimagingandopticalilluminationFurtherresearchisneeded.ThispapermainlydealswithopticalsystemanddataprocessingsystemThispaperbrieflydiscussesthesettingofthephotodetectionsystemofthedevelvetsThemethodistolaythef

38、oundationforthedesignoftheremovalofcotton.旋耕機(jī)的類型和構(gòu)架的研究推廣分析1旋耕機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀旋耕機(jī)的發(fā)展至今巳有150多年的歷史，最初在英國、美國推廣使用，由34kW內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動，主要用于庭園耕作，直到L型旋耕刀研制成功后，旋耕機(jī)才進(jìn)入大田作業(yè)。20世紀(jì)初，日本從歐洲引進(jìn)旱田旋耕機(jī)后，經(jīng)過大量的試驗(yàn)研究工作，研制出適用于水田耕作要求的彎刀，解決了刀齒和刀軸的纏草問題，旋耕機(jī)才得到了迅速發(fā)展。我國對旋耕機(jī)的研制始于20世紀(jì)50年代末，初期主要研制與手扶拖拉機(jī)配套的旋耕機(jī)，后來研制出與中型輪式拖拉機(jī)配套的旋耕機(jī)；70年代初完成了與當(dāng)時(shí)國產(chǎn)的各類拖拉機(jī)配套的系

39、列旋耕機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，并使之得到了推廣應(yīng)用；到80年代,與手扶拖拉機(jī)配套的旋耕機(jī)由專用型發(fā)展到兼用型，由與手扶拖拉機(jī)配套發(fā)展到與輪式及履帶式拖拉機(jī)配套。旋耕機(jī)在我國的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了單機(jī)研制、發(fā)展系列產(chǎn)品、新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和換代3個階段，隨著新的種植、耕作農(nóng)藝的發(fā)展和推廣，在旋耕機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上還研制出了多種用途的聯(lián)合復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī)。新系列旋耕機(jī)采用的新型旋耕刀，綜合了合理的速度參數(shù)、幅寬和復(fù)式作業(yè)功能，采用旋耕機(jī)基礎(chǔ)件組合式結(jié)構(gòu)，可組裝在多種機(jī)型上，滿足不同的用途與農(nóng)藝要求。目前，我國旋耕機(jī)的使用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，整機(jī)及零部件生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有100余家，從南方水田到北方旱地以及牧場、荒地和果林等都廣泛使用旋耕機(jī)進(jìn)行耕耘作業(yè)。2旋耕

40、機(jī)的類型和構(gòu)架2.1旋耕機(jī)的類型旋耕機(jī)有多種不同的分類方法，按刀軸的位置可分為臥式、立式和斜置式，目前，臥式旋耕機(jī)的使用較為普遍。2.2傳動形式旋耕機(jī)傳動形式有中間傳動和側(cè)邊傳動2種。中間傳動系統(tǒng)由萬向節(jié)傳動軸和中間傳動箱組成；側(cè)邊傳動系統(tǒng)由萬向節(jié)傳動軸、中間傳動箱和側(cè)邊傳動箱組成。側(cè)邊傳動又有齒輪傳動和鏈輪傳動2種，側(cè)邊傳動箱采用鏈傳動時(shí)，加工要求較低，不但可靠性較差，而且使用壽命短，鏈條斷后會增加維修費(fèi)用。當(dāng)采用中間傳動時(shí)，傳動箱的下部會造成漏耕，影響作業(yè)質(zhì)量，為了解決這個問題，在傳動箱的下部固定了一個松土鏟,即小型錚式犁，或者在傳動箱的旁邊裝2把特殊的彎刀。為了適應(yīng)不同的土壤條件及拖拉機(jī)

41、動力輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速，有的旋耕機(jī)的傳動箱配有速比不同的齒輪，以得到不同的刀輻轉(zhuǎn)速。2.3旋耕機(jī)與拖拉機(jī)的掛接旋耕機(jī)與拖拉機(jī)的掛接有三點(diǎn)懸掛、直接聯(lián)接和牽引3種形式，我國目前采用前2種聯(lián)接方式。三點(diǎn)懸掛式旋耕機(jī)的懸掛及升降與車華式犁相同，由拖拉機(jī)動力輸出軸驅(qū)動，通過萬向節(jié)傳動軸，經(jīng)傳動箱減速后帶動刀軸工作。直接聯(lián)接式旋耕機(jī)主要用于與手扶拖拉機(jī)配套，一般是將手扶拖拉機(jī)的變速箱后蓋取下來，然后將旋耕機(jī)減速箱和拖拉機(jī)變速箱用螺栓聯(lián)接在一起，動力由拖拉機(jī)變速箱里的齒輪直接傳給旋耕機(jī)的齒輪,以驅(qū)動旋耕機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。2.4刀輻轉(zhuǎn)向及轉(zhuǎn)速臥式旋耕機(jī)刀輻的轉(zhuǎn)向有正轉(zhuǎn)和反轉(zhuǎn)2種，目前，使用較多的是正轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機(jī)。正轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)刀片強(qiáng)制切

42、碎土塊，并將土塊向后拋擲，土塊與機(jī)罩及拖板相撞后，進(jìn)一步破碎,碎土充分，但功耗較大，在耕深增加時(shí)，影響耕深的穩(wěn)定性。刀輻反轉(zhuǎn)則有利于降低切土能耗和提高碎土效果，覆蓋埋青能力強(qiáng)，但易導(dǎo)致已耕土塊堆積，造成刀輻的重復(fù)切削，增大了不必要的負(fù)荷和功耗。反轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)，罩殼黏土比較嚴(yán)重，在土壤濕度較大的情況下，不宜采用反轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機(jī)。刀輻轉(zhuǎn)速對旋耕機(jī)組的功耗影響較大，較理想的配置是低的刀輻轉(zhuǎn)速和較高的前進(jìn)速度。一般情況下，刀車?yán)マD(zhuǎn)速為180260r/min,目前，刀餛轉(zhuǎn)速有降低的趨勢。2.5切土節(jié)距同一縱向平面內(nèi)切土的旋耕刀，在其相繼切土的時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)，機(jī)組前進(jìn)的距離稱為切土節(jié)距。切土節(jié)距對碎土程度有較大的

43、影響，一般為達(dá)到良好的碎土效果，可增加刀輻在一周內(nèi)的刀片數(shù)量或增加旋耕速比，即降低機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度。目前，在中等黏度的麥田地，切土節(jié)距為10cmo2.6刀片及配置刀片有鑿型刀、直角型刀（又稱L型刀或?qū)挼叮┖蛷澋?種形式。鑿型刀正有鑿型刃口，入土能力強(qiáng)，但易纏草，一般適用于墾荒地和較疏松的田地。直角型刀的刃口由側(cè)切刃和正切刃組成，切削方式和鑿型刀相似，也易纏草，但刀身寬，剛性好，適合在土質(zhì)較硬的干旱地上作業(yè)。彎刀的刃口由曲線構(gòu)成，包括側(cè)切刃和正切刃2個部分,可輕松地將草莖切斷，且不易纏草，適合在多草的田里作業(yè)，是一種水旱通用的刀型。彎刀在刀軸上的排列是影響旋耕機(jī)耕作質(zhì)量及功率消耗的重要因素之一，在安裝時(shí)可根據(jù)不同的農(nóng)藝要求配置。彎刀的排列一般應(yīng)滿足下列要求：刀片盡量工作在少側(cè)向約束條件下，并均勻入土，以減小對刀軸軸承的側(cè)壓力，減少旋耕刀對旋耕機(jī)重心的轉(zhuǎn)距,保證機(jī)器工作時(shí)的直線性，減少功耗，相鄰刀片間沿圓周方向的間距應(yīng)盡可能大，以防止刀間壅土。彎刀的安裝方法主要有3種；內(nèi)裝法，外裝法，交錯法。2.7機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度的選擇機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度選擇的原則是達(dá)到碎土要求，地表平整，既要保證耕作質(zhì)量，又要充分發(fā)揮拖拉機(jī)的功率。一般情況下前進(jìn)速度25km/h,在堅(jiān)實(shí)度較大的土地上耕作時(shí)可選用較低的前進(jìn)速度。2.8作業(yè)幅寬為控制功耗急劇增加，應(yīng)適當(dāng)壓縮耕幅，但為了消除拖拉機(jī)輪轍，使耕后地表平